ICUP Proceedings Search

Urban areas provide suitable breeding areas for mosquitoes potentially affecting the epidemiology of many vector-borne diseases, through its effects on mosquito community composition. The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus has colonized a large number of urbanized areas in Europe and is ...

In the recent years, different types of sensors have been developed for the automatic categorization of mosquitoes. Most of them have been only tested in laboratory conditions so there is a lack of studies in the field. In this study, a new sensor prototype linked to a mosquito trap was tested in th...

One of the major groups of mosquito-borne diseases is Flaviviruses with prominent human pathogens, such as West Nile virus (WNV), dengue, Zika viruses. Nowadays, WNV is appearing more and more in several countries, thanks in part to climate change and other factors. WNV is endemic in parts of Europe...

Nuisances caused by mosquito biting affect the tourism sector, particularly during high season in Mediterranean locations. One species present in these locations is Aedes mariae , which breeds in rock-pool coastal zones. There is a lack of information available about the ecology of Ae. mariae. The m...

Yamanashi Prefecture, an inland climate mountain area of Japan, extends widely north and south, with altitude that varies greatly by location. Mosquitoes transmitting infectious disease have a diversity of habitats in Yamanashi, and many species can be expected there. However, there have been few re...

Aquatain AMF is a ready-to-use silicone-based liquid (polydimethylsiloxane – PDMS), easy to apply on the surface of standing and stagnant water. It prevents the development of mosquitos by forming an ultra-fine film over the water’s surface. This chemical is not considered a biocide under UE laws, a...

Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) was recorded in 2011 at first time in the Region the Murcia. After this year to 2017, only municipal or local studies were carried about, mainly by the Universidad de Murcia team. In 2018, the regional Public Health Service started a surveillance program which becam...

This paper presents a new revised "Checklist of the Mosquitoes in Algeria" based on the development of the mosquito-taxonomic research. While a earlier checklist exist, none have been prepared specifically for Algeria which take into account the extensive studies of the last 20 years. We provide an ...

Vector-borne diseases have increased in importance becoming a human health concern at global level. For many of these diseases no vaccines are available, then, the personal protection products and the vector control programs will remain essential tools for protection against transmission. In Europe,...

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes becomes a serious public health problem in numerous regions with increasing worldwide cases of dengue, zika and chikungunya infections. The absence of effective vaccines leads the prevention of these diseases to be focused on vector control activities. The...

Monitoring of invasive mosquito species in Eastern Croatia, Brod-Posavina County, has been conducted since 2016 as part of the national monitoring of invasive mosquito species in Croatia, with the aim of creating a unique national database to estimate the risk of spreading vector-borne diseases. Thi...

Some Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes caspius and Aedes detritus, cause relevant nuisances in urban and peri urban areas situated close to some wetlands in Spain. These floodwater mosquitoes are particularly difficult to control at larval stage after intensive rains, since they can quickly colonize la...

This is the first reported study on efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume (ULV) application of an adulticide using a small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) in the United States. Imperium™ Insecticide (Bayer CropScience LP), containing the active ingredient (AI) deltamethrin, is the only Type II pyrethroi...

Invasive mosquitoes’ distribution has increased in recent decades throughout Europe. In 2014 Aedes albopictus was identified for the first time in the Basque Country (northern Spain) and in 2020 Aedes japonicus was detected in the three Basque provinces. This study aimed to evaluate the association ...

Aedes albopictus was firsT reported in Valencia (Eastern Spain) in 2015. Once its establishment was confirmed, several mosquito management actions were applied in order to minimize its impact, including routinely larvicide treatments in public city catch basins, attendance of citizen complaints link...

Transfluthrin is a volatile pyrethroid based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohol that is commonly present in household insecticides like coils, electric vaporizers or aerosols used mainly against mosquitoes. Deployed into the air Transfluthrin exerts short-term effects. Due to its molecular structure,...

Several mutations in voltage gated sodium channel (NAv) have been identified in Aedes aegypti populations worldwide. The variations in the V1016I and F1534C are the most related to knockdown resistance to pyrethroids. A study was carried out to determine the frequency of V1016I and F1534C NAv by rea...

Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) has colonized large areas in the Iberian Peninsula, mainly in the Spanish Mediterranean strip. Its ecological plasticity and new mechanisms of dispersion, among which the communication routes stand out, has allowed it to colonize multiple and dispersed urban areas. ...

Suspend PolyZone is an insecticide with a unique formulation that contains a proprietary polymer that allows it to protect the active ingredient from weather, water runoff, and mechanical abrasion. This allows the product to leave behind residues that stay where they are applied and remain active in...

The diversity and abundance of different blood-sucking insects was studied in the three main cities of the Basque Country region (northern Spain). Sampling took place in one green area and one cemetery from each city, where two CDC-light traps baited with CO2 were placed fortnightly from May to Octo...

The mosquito species Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) has spread rapidly in Europe over the last 40 years and has been established as an invasive species in Germany for the last 15 years. In 2019, individual specimens were found for the first time in the allotments “SÜD I”, “SÜD II” and the adjacent “...

Dengue control in India relies heavily on chemical vector control. Treatment of breeding sites for immature mosquito stages is a common practice. Desert coolers appear to be one of the preferred breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes. Insect Growth Regulators like pyriproxyfen have been studied as an e...

In recent years, mosquito surveillance and control programmes have been immersed in a series of threats related to globalisation and climate change that have created new risk scenarios for the transmission of emerging and re-emerging diseases. There is a need to incorporate new tools in order to hel...

In this study we aim to determine the lethal and residual effect of a dual-action insecticide coating (INESFLY SATIS) applied in the interior parts of water tanks on Aedes aegypti under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Contact with treated surfaces during oviposition targets gravid females’ lon...

Qcide is a natural plant extract from a chemotype of Eucalyptus cloeziana that is being developed as an insecticide for a number of applications including control of flying insect pests. The primary active compound tasmanone, is a member of the beta-triketone class of compounds that occur in a numbe...

Extreme climatic events, environmental degradation, unplanned urbanization and socio-economic inequalities exacerbate the risk of infectious disease emergence, spread and transmission. Mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue and malaria, are highly sensitive to climate variability and climate change...

In the Netherlands, besides the detection at Lucky bamboo and used tire sites, introductions of Aedes albopictus have been notified by citizens since 2016 in urban areas. Intensive surveillance and mosquito control followed the confirmation of the species identity in the laboratory. In many cases, i...

The first step in every integrated pest management strategy is to inspect and identify the target pest. Most people distinguish between ants, cockroaches, mosquitoes and other pests, but lack a basic knowledge of their characteristics. It happens a lot that people are bitten or stung in their homes ...

The development of an efficient and timely surveillance with accurate alert signals is among the bottlenecks of arboviruses epidemiology. Herein, we report the steps taken to transform an archaic and sectorized structure into a modern and timely surveillance program under the One Health approach to ...

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of several infectious diseases endangering approximately 3 billion people around the world. The precise identification of mosquitoes’ species is decisive to understand epidemiological patterns of diseases transmission and to develop control strategies....

The occurrence of mosquitoes in Prague sub urban forests, gardens, parks, recreation areas, golf courses etc. was compared between flood and non-flood years. The monitoring was based on mosquito larvae collection and mosquito female catch by CO2 traps. No massive larval populations of the anthropoph...

The UK employs a multi-faceted approach to surveillance for invasive Aedes species, including active methods, designed to target particular, potentially higher locations, and passive methods, providing a means for the general public and relevant professional groups to submit mosquito samples for ide...

This study was carried out to investigate the potential vectors and mosquito infection rates of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Tula region which is located in central part of Russia. Mosquitoes were captured throughout three mosquito seasons (2013–2015). A total of 719 genomic DNA pools, extra...

Investigations were carried out in several climatic zones of Western and Eastern Siberia, and at the Amur region. Blood-sucking mosquitoes in these areas have a rich species composition and very high numbers. In addition to a significant irritating action in an attack on the people, they are vectors...

Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito in the United States and also a competent vector for many viruses. As an aggressive human biter, this mosquitoes is often the primary pest species eliciting complaints from the public in areas where they occur. This mosquito will readily utilize artificial co...

Aedes aegypti was first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union in Batumi as an introduced species in 1911. High numbers of these mosquitoes have been recorded on the Black Sea coast from Sukhumi to Batumi. Since 1950s, these mosquitoes are not detected in this region (Cherkasskyi, 20...

There has recently been an observed increase in vector-borne disease in the Americas, including those diseases which are primarily vectored by Aedes aegypti. South Texas is at risk of vector-borne diseases due to the mild temperatures, year-round presence of the disease vectors, and proximity to Mex...

The silicon-based, monomolecular film, mosquito control product Aquatain was introduced into an on-going programme to control Culex pipiens molestus, in a partially flooded undercroft, in September 2015. The impact on the control programme is reviewed in this study. Application of Aquatain was far s...

Insecticide resistance can be defined as, a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. There have been large gains in t...

Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...

Mosquito Aedes aegypti is the most efficient vector in the transmission of dengue, chikungunya and zika in Colombia. Villavicencio, located in the central part of the country, is one of the cities that report more cases of these pathologies. Despite the strategies of communitarian education to contr...

Phenomenal of high egg reproduction when mortality risk rose is very common in mosquito. Yet, the presence of this reproduction advantage in insecticide resistance mosquito remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chlorpyrifos (CP) exposure on the oviposition and survival of Aedes ...

In Spain Dengue (DENV), Zike (ZIKV) and Chickungunya (CHIKV) are frequently imported by tourists and immigrants infected in endemic countries. The Spanish Ministry of Health has declared DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV as priority notifiable diseases in the country. Research presented here is focused on entomo...

Aedes fluviatilis is an anthropophilic mosquito abundantly found in urban environments, however, its biology, epidemiological role and genetic characteristics are poorly known. Urbanization processes that resulted in environmental modifications together with climate change benefit certain anthropoph...

Present study was carried out to test the residual activity of deltamethrin EC 1.5%, K-Othrine EC 1.5% and deltamethrin WP 5% under laboratory conditions on five different surfaces i.e. cement (concrete), mud, plaster, wood and filter paper. Four blocks were prepared for each surface, from which one...

Flood water mosquitoes have been successfully controlled in Switzerland for 25 years with products based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). These mosquitoes have a flying range of up to 10 km in search of a blood meal. Before the interventions the quality of life of residents in villages n...

In Germany since more than three decades products based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus have been successfully used as biological control agents against floodwater mosquitoes, mainly Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus sticticus as well as against house mosquito C...

Trials have been conducted with Aquatain AMF, a silicone based self-spreading liquid for mosquito control, in many locations and environments around the world. The trials included Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex mosquitoes. The product has been shown to be effective in very difficult conditions where ot...

Owing to a neglect of mosquito research for several decades, basic data on the occurrence and distribution of mosquitoes are absent for Germany. However, without having available the status quo, it is particularly difficult to detect invasive species and monitor the spread of potential vector specie...

Control of the Anopheline vectors is the most effective approach to malaria control. Reductions in mortality and morbidity from malaria have been achieved through the use of pyrethroid treated bed nets, pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes threaten the effectiveness of this valuable intervention. Insecti...

There are several regions in Poland where mosquitoes emerge in huge numbers almost every year. Some of them are areas of protected nature - mainly wetlands, where the insects cannot be controlled in mass actions. Many inhabitants or tourists visiting these regions try to cope with the problem on the...

A mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance was settled in “Parco Lombardo delle Valli del Ticino” and in neighbouring sites in Milano province (Lombardy). Nine sites were monitored between 2009 and 2013 sampling 82,106 mosquitoes, of which 68.6 % belonged to Culex pipiens L. species. Mosquito were sort...

Breeding sites of Culex pipiens molestus, an autogenous and anthropophilic bioform of Culex pipiens, were frequently detected in flooded basements of buildings in Prague in the second half of the last century. The breeding sites gradually disappeared owing to improved maintenance of buildings after ...

Under the European Union Biocidal Products Regulation repellents are classified as biocides, and are subject to efficacy studies. To facilitate testing of repellents for product registration the EU has provided technical guidelines. The guidelines leave uncertainties as to how efficacy should be exa...

Nagano Prefecture, an inland climate mountain area of Japan, extends widely north and south, and the altitude varies greatly with the location. Mosquitoes transmitting infectious disease have a diversity of habitats in Nagano, and many species can be expected. There have been few reports about mosqu...

Field studies of two area repellent aerosol formulations with transfluthrin and permethrin active ingredients were carried out against mixed freshwater mosquitoes near Humpty Doo, Northern Territory and against flies (a mixed population of house flies, Musca domestica and bush flies Musca vetustissi...

Due to the scarcity of information about the fauna of mosquitoes in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, an investigation was done with the aim of describing the diversity of species present in green areas of municipal parks in the city. Between March 2011 and February 2012, adult and immature mosquitoes ...

In 2003 the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus arrived in Southern Switzerland for the first time. It has since then been continuously surveyed and controlled using ovitraps for monitoring alongside targeted applications of larvicides (Bti and diflubenzuron) and larval source reduction....

Aedes albopictus is a vector for over 20 viruses, including chikungunya and dengue and where present may pose a threat to human health. Since 2003 A. albopictus is also present in Southern Switzerland in the Canton of Ticino and has since then been continuously surveyed and controlled, mainly by lar...

Microsatellites have been widely used in phylogenetic studies of various groups of insects. This study analyzed the genetic panorama of the urban species of mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus present in Brazil. Nine populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from all regions of Brazil and one from ...

Studies were conducted in several climatic zones of the Western and Eastern Siberia. Bloodsucking Diptera in localities of these regions have rich species composition and reach high numbers. In addition to a considerable irritant effect on people, they are carriers of many infection diseases, and al...

Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquito Aedes aegypti and it consists of the most common flavivirus infection. Pakistan is also at high risk of dengue epidemics. The present study focused on the redescription of Aedes aegypti and the detection of dengue virus from 685 field collected larvae o...

There has been relatively little research work done in collecting mosquitoes in urban areas of the UK. During the summer of 2010, the research team collected mosquitoes from nine urban sites and mosquito samples were collected over a 14 week period. All specimens were taken to the laboratory and adu...

For transmission of dengue virus and malaria pathogens occur, the causing agents of these diseases have to complete their developmental cycle inside the mosquitoes Aedes and Anopheles, respectively. Mosquitoes are therefore potentialweak links in dengue and malaria transmission. Genetically modified...

Port health authorities have played an important role in the control of infectious diseases. The International Health Regulations (2005) further clarifies this role and provides a legal statutory instrument which aims to assist the international community to prevent and respond to global public heal...

Globalization is a major causal agent for the introduction of exotic species into new territories. In this regard, it is well known that air traffic is an ideal route for the arrival of mosquitoes to new countries and even new continents. In order to evaluate the possible arrival of allochthonous ve...

Effective mosquito management in urban and periurban environments is reliant in large part on larvicide applications to artificial and/or natural breeding areas. However, larvicide application is often too costly to implement in mosquito abatement programs in areas with high extensions of breeding s...

To combat vectors and the public health hazards they represent, many European countries have established their own vector control programs. Such programs may benefit from a more standardized approach to enable to compare obtained results, share compatible data and tackle transboundary issues. The VB...

Man is the main victim of Aedes aegypti. Due to this ecological niche it is one of the most important disease vector to mankind, being, in Brazil, the primary vector of dengue fever. It is found in hot and humid habitat, its development lasts little more than a week, from egg to adult. The only deng...

Entomological indices based on larval surveillance methods are not sensitive enough to accurately monitor Aedes aegypti population densities in areas differing in levels of infestation. Here, we present and discuss results obtained from a pilot program using a new approach, the Monitoring System and...

Wolbachia pipientis has been suggested to control insect vectors. In this context, studies on the prevalence and diversity of this bacterium in wild populations are relevant for future interventions. Here, we evaluated the diversity of two W. pipientis genes (ftsZ and wsp) and the prevalence of this...

Hospitals play an important role within a healthcare setting. The presence of arthropods in hospitals, like spiders, mites, bedbugs, mosquitoes, beetles, cockroaches, flies and ants, was reported in many studies. Besides its great epidemiological relevance, the presence of culicines that are potenti...

The preparative form of concentrated emulsion continues to enjoy the greatest demand among professionals conducting insecticide treatments. In comparison with a lot of concentrates in organic solvents, aqueous concentrates, which are not so widely represented in the market of insecticides, are simil...

This present study focused on the Municipal Program of Culex Control at the Pinheiros River and the new methods used for surveillance and control of this mosquito. This river has 54 km of banks and its polluted and stagnant water allows great proliferation of Culex quinquefasciatus. This mosquito is...

Human diseases transmitted by insects are still in great importance at Tropical Climate Countries, as Brazil is. Mosquitoes are one of the main groups of insects that could transmit those diseases, called vectors. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diameter and uniformity of droplets produced ...

Mogi Guaçu is a city in southeastern Brazil with 140,000 inhabitants, where the epidemics of dengue are very recent. In 2001 there were only 14 cases, but the incidence increased in the recent years, reaching 566 cases in 2008 and only 21 cases in 2009 (atypical year). The Brateau index for the city...

Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever represent one of the greatest challenges to public health at a world level. One of the approaches to mosquito control is the use of chemicals to kill the different stages of the mosquito life cycle. In São Paulo, the chemical control of Aedes aegypti is carried ou...

Pesticides are applied in residences, schools, hospitals and other edifications to control urban pests as cockroaches, ants, fleas, flies and termites. The use of these products in indoor environment can result in exposure of children and pets to particles in the air or adhered to the floor, carpets...

For indoor control of Rattus rattus it is recommended the use of rodenticide baits formulated as pellets containing different active ingredients, among which, the bromadiolone. In practice, the packs containing pellet formulations are partially opened and placed in the indoor buildings until their i...

Dengue has been considered as the most important airborne disease in Brazil. Limitations in the laboratory identification of immature Aedes aegypti and processing of field data based on larval surveys led to the development of the “Intelligent Dengue Monitoring” technology (MI-Dengue) (www.midengue....

Diseases carried by vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks are an increasing public health concern worldwide, yet often relatively little is known about their spatial distribution. Without a clear understanding of where the diseases or vectors are already present or which areas are vulnerable to spread...

Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator, a juvenile hormone analogue, widely used for the control of container and freshwater mosquito species throughout the world and is potent at very low levels. To date its use in natural brackish environments has been limited. In Australia the dominant nuisan...

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are key vectors of dengue and chikungunya. The status of the main emerging control technologies for these species which have reached open cage or field trial stages is reviewed: insecticide impregnated fabrics, lethal ovitraps, Mesocyclops, Wolbachia, densovirus an...

The Urban Pest Advisory Service (UPAS) is responsible for urban pests in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. We advise approximately 2’000 people per year who have questions or problems regarding arthropods and their control, we survey the pest situation in the city and control rats in public areas. Si...

Dengue is transmitted to humans by day-biting mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Primary prevention of this debilitating disease is through vector (mosquito) control: spraying for adult mosquitoes and applying larvicides to standing water. This presentation provides an overvie...

Surveys of mosquitoes were carried out in the area of Milan in 2006 and in 2007. Nineteen species were collected. The most important were: Culex pipiens, C. modestus and C. hortensis, two Ochlerotatus caspius and O. detritus and three Aedes vexans, A. geniculatus and A. cinereus. Stegomyia albopictu...

Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator that affects the physiology of morphogenesis, reproduction and embryogenesis of insects. It exhibits a high level of activity against mosquito larvae inhibiting adult emergence at very low dose rates. It has low mammalian toxicity and environmental impact. ...

The transmission of arboviruses is a major risk factor in many regions of the world including Europe. Continuing eco-climatic changes create suitable conditions for the re-emergence vector-borne diseases in Europe. Malaria was eradicated in all countries of the Region in the early 1960s except some ...

Comparative acute mosquito larvicidal activity of neonicotinoids in different formulations: acetamiprid (Mospilan, Aspid), imidacloprid (Confidor, Shanfidor), thiacloprid (Calipso), thiamethoxam (Actara, Agita) and pyrethroids: cypermethrin (Cifox), permethrin (Medifox – super) was studied in labora...

Mosquito species composition based on massive collections of mosquito larvae and adults in three major mosquito regions located in Central Bohemia and in the South and Central Moravia in last 10 years is presented. More than 60,000 specimens of larvae or adults were collected and determined in the L...

Although the majority of flaviviruses are endemic in tropical or sub-tropical region, certain species are often detected in Europe as well. In central Europe, the Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus is endemic in several geographic regions. Amongst the mosquito-borne flaviviruses the West Nile virus (WNV)...

The role of mosquitoes in transmission of infectious diseases is significant. Various formulations of insecticide products are used to control mosquitoes indoors: aerosols, electric heaters with cellulose mats, tablets or vials with a liquid, coils, sticks etc. Aerosol products are usually used agai...

The results about the analysis and characterization of several different anomalies induced on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae) by 2 commercial formulations widely used in the mosquitoes larvae control in Spain, Dimilin 25® and Sumilarv 10EC®, are presented. Tests and effect evaluation have been...

The employment of electrical vaporizers to reduce the inconveniences caused by the mosquitoes constitutes a habitual practice in the Spanish homes during the summer season. Though exist different systems, the most used is the device in which the insecticide is evaporated by warming. The active matte...

Inhalation of acetone at concentrations above the permissible exposure level (PEL) has been reported to cause adverse effects on human central nervous system, characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness and motor incoordination. The PEL in most European Union countries is limited to 500 ml/m3. This...

Catches of mosquitoes and sand flies in CO2 traps baited with three different lures and an unbaited control were compared. The lures examined were carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide plus 1-octen-3-ol, and carbon dioxide plus human hair in ethanol. Studies using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with 3 sets o...

In this paper the most important ecological characteristics of arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses and the recent emergence of some pathogens in Europe are reviewed. In early July 2007 the first autochthonous Chikungunya virus outbreak occurred in Europe between July and September 2007. A local transmiss...

In Austria the research activity for developing alternatives to insecticides controlling mosquito pests is closely related to Usutu-virus (Flaviviridae) epidemics found in 2001. The decision making of those Austrian communities mentioned in this paper is orientated on prevention of the urban inhabit...

Laboratory testing of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LN’s) includes assessment of bio-efficacy and determination of insecticide retention after washings. The standard WHO washing method recommends the use of deionizded water with a hardness of 0 ppm (water without Ca++ and Mg++). In the cont...

Aedes (Stegomyia) female mosquitoes feed on sap of herbaceous indoor plants and blood of small mammals. This study investigates whether the female Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus provided with sugar solution and mouse blood are still attracted to human after feeding. Laboratory caged females of Aedes...

Several species of mosquitoes are well known to be the serious vectors of epidemic diseases in the world. As a part of the basic survey to watch possible invasion of West Nile virus into Japan, mosquitoes were collected to elucidate their geographic and seasonal distributions in the urban area of Yo...

The growing concern of consumers about the use of traditional insecticides has increased need for development of safe, effective, and natural insecticides and repellents. Plant extracts containing essential oils have been used for centuries to kill and repel a variety of insect pests including cockr...

Natural pyrethrum and its synthetic analogues are among the most widely used insecticides in medical, veterinary and agricultural use. Low application rates, rapid knock-down and kill, range of duration of activity and good mammalian safety profile make them an active of choice in most domestic appl...

Twelve sites were sampled for the juvenile stages of mosquito populations and these yielded significant larval and pupal populations. The sites sampled, some close to Manchester Airport, and a number of other urban sites where there had been reported incidences of biting of humans. All sites had the...

Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit are still major public health concerns in many countries in the tropics and subtropics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in man and animals. The use of chemical control agents is still the major forerunner in mosquito control strategies. Despi...

Survey on mosquito larvae and pupae were carried out in construction sites and drains in Penang, Malaysia. Species of mosquito larvae were identified from these two habitats. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegyptii were the dominant mosquito spp found in the construction sites. Different habitats during t...

Mosquito mats with active ingredient d-allethrin (36 mg/mat) and prallethrin (15 mg/mat) were tested in the laboratory against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) using test method of the Standard and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia. Results indicated that KT50 values for d...

Mosquitoes in several species are well known to be serious vectors of epidemic diseases in the world. As a part of the basic survey to watch possible invasion of West Nile virus into Yokohama, one of the city with a big international port in Japan, mosquitoes were collected to elucidate their geogra...

SumiOne® (common name metofluthrin, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxymethylbenzyl (E,Z) (1R,3R)-2,2dimethyl-3-(prop-1-enyl) cyclopropane carboxylate) is a novel vapor active pyrethroid that is effective against mosquitoes. Impregnated paper substrates have been shown to be effective at dispensing metofl...

A new technology is described for in-field dipping of conventional mosquito nets for long lasting efficacy by adding a polymer binder to the deltamethrin treatment. Various polymer binders vary greatly in their ability to improve the retention of deltamethrin on the fiber and ensure resistance of th...

Application of insecticides to vegetation has become increasingly popular in mosquito control programs in recent years. However, there is very little data that addresses the efficacy of such treatments. This study evaluated the residual effectiveness of three pyrethroid formulations on vegetation ag...

Field studies on a personal insect repellent formulation based on essential oils from Australian native plants were carried out against mosquitoes and Biting midges in Cairns, Far North Queensland, Australia and against Bush flies, Musca vetustissima in Quinalow, South West Queensland, Australia. Th...

An outline of the role of, and the mechanism used by mosquitoes in transmission of the diseases dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever and West Nile encephalitis is discussed. The history of combative measures such as mass spraying and the importance of personal protection and the various products avai...

The effectiveness of insecticide formulations for public health pests is the key towards the success of vector control programmes. Evaluation of the efficacy of the abovementioned insecticide formulations by independent research institutes is very important before it can be registered and commercial...

Seasonal activity of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) was studied using CDC light traps baited with CO2 during the period June 2003-June 2004 in Ar Riyadh City (Capital of Saudi Arabia). Four species of mosquitoes were collected; Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart), Ae...

A study was conducted in the urban areas of Kuala Lumpur using CDC light trap, dog-baited trap and human landing collection to determine the vectors. Eleven species of mosquitoes were obtained, of which only Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus and Culex quinquefasciatus were in significant number...

The insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (Sumilarv 0.5 G) at the rate of 0.01 mg a.i./L was applied to gem pits as well as river and stream bed pools as a part of a large scale trial in a gem mining area in Sri Lanka. The results indicated pyriproxyfen inhibited emergence of the primary malaria vec...

This study was conducted with aim of investigation of malaria vector hematophagic tendencies base on seasonal activities as well as geographical region in a malaria endemic area, Kahnouj, south of Iran. It was conducted for 14 months from Apr. 2002 up to the end of May 2003. It was based on collecti...

Twenty one commercial insect repellent products, including 12 natural, 6 deet-based, and 3 other synthetic organic, were evaluated as larvicides and as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus. Ten of the 12 natural products at 0.1% concentration provided 57-100% mortality of laboratory-reared 4th...

With respect to the technical, executive and ecological problems involved in residual spraying and along with changes occurred in Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Plan in malaria control, in present time, the strategy of using pyrethroid impregnated bed-nets has attracted the attention of the experts of WHO ...

This investigation was carried out in several different parts of Iran during 1998-2001. Out of 9799 female Anopheles captured by different methods, An. fluviatilis comprised 35.5%, An. dthali 30.3%, An. stephensi 29.4%, An. sergentii 4.6%, An. culicifacies, An. turkhudi and An. superpictus were 0.2%...

All disasters have an impact on the health sector, whether due to the need to protect the population’s health during emergency situations and disasters. Availability and quality of the health information are very important, because they form the basis for understanding the fundamentals of health pol...

This descriptive survey studied comparison of malaria cases, epidemiological and entomological serves, insecticides used and mean temperature, relative humidity and amounts of rain fall in a ten year period (1994-2003).The most important species of anopheline vectors include: Anopheles stephensi, An...

Sublethal effects were studied at the parental and offspring stages which has been exposed to Bti at the larval stage (parental) in comparison to the control untreated group. Biological aspects inclusive of blood-engorgement rate and fecundity (number of eggs produced) of the parental stage were stu...

Pesticides and their use are regulated on both federal and state levels in the Unites States. A federal registration for a pesticide product must be obtained after the product has shown that it is safe to use according to the guidelines set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ...

The basic principles of olfaction in mosquito-host interaction is presented using Aedes aegypti. Olfactometer bioassays investigated which compounds of the complex blend of human emanations play a role in the attraction, and which factors make some hosts more attractive than others. Beside L-(+)-lac...

IR3535 (Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate) is a repellent compound that has been shown to have activity against a range of biting and nuisance insects. In this study the efficacy of three Reckitt Benckiser Aerogard® formulations containing IR3535 were assessed. The formulations were: (1) Aerosol (20%...

Human vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever are a global health problem. These diseases affect millions of people in developed and undeveloped countries. Entomologists, biologists, and vector ecologists from North America and Europe share informat...

Malaria is a major public health problem in Kenya, Africa. In the Lake Victoria region, nearly one third of infant and nearly half of adult deaths are attributed to this vector-borne disease. Malaria contributes to malnutrition of children, complications in pregnancy, and maternal death. The informa...

A complex of synanthropic arthropoda that inhabit a variety of rural and urban localities is systemized depending on the different parameters. These include the type of harm caused by arthropoda to people, including: arthropoda that are vectors and agents of infectious diseases; arthropoda that caus...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanusShiraki, is a serious pest in several parts of the world and is one of the most destructive insects in Louisiana, USA. A pilot test was begun in 1998 to determine the effectiveness of area-wide management on this insect and to reduce its densi...

Questionnaire-based surveys of homeowners revealed that ants were the most economically important and abundant household pest after mosquitoes and cockroaches in Malaysia. Twenty-five species of ants were found indoors and outside buildings; all species nest outdoors except Monomorium pharaonis, Mon...

In the Czech Republic there are large areas in the Labe and Morava – Dyje Lowlands where mosquitoes are an almost unberable nuisance following occasional summer floods (e.g. in 1997 and 1998), Aedes vexans and Ae. stictius being the main pest species. The capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, lies ...

There are several towns in Poland where mosquitoes cause serious problems because of their extremely abundant occurrence and nuisance. Most of the species, which occur in mass numbers, have been determined and their biology described. Despite that fact the whole mosquito fauna of those areas has not...

Mosquito-borne disease is an increasing concern in Australia. Endemic malaria has been eradicated but up to 1,000 infections are imported annually and local cases occur occasionally in the northeast, where local Dengue infections are reported annually and Japanese encephalitis virus has been introdu...

In Piedmont, water used in agriculture is one of the most important source of mosquitoes. For this reason more resources are used for the mosquito control. In particular in grazing meadows and rice field, genus Aedes mosquitoes can be controlled using B.t.i.. In rice field genus Culex and Anopheles ...

In this study, it is presented the integrated control strategies against mosquitoes, house fly and sand flies in Belek Tourism Center which is surrounded by Mediterranean in the south, Tahtali Mountains, the part of Toros Mountains in the north, Aksu River in the west and Koprucay River in the east,...

Mosquitoes required for testing chemical or biological products have been reared successfully using anaesthetised guinea pigs as a source of blood. In an attempt to eliminate the need for keeping and using live mammals to provide the blood meal, alternative methods have been investigated. Finally th...

Four insect repellent products, (1) Experimental Repellent Lotion (Bayrepel® 12%), (2) Experimental Repellent Cream (Bayrepel® 5%), (3) Off! Insect Repellent II® Aerosol (DEET 15%) and (4) Off! Skintastic II® Cream (DEET 7.5%) were evaluated simultaneously for their efficacy against vector and nuisa...

Four species of mosquito larvae, representing two genera, were tested for their responses to the pathogen preparation ABG-6193, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. After one hour exposure, Culex antennatus, C. poicilapus and C. pipiens molestus rapidly ingested the bacterium resulting in high m...

The recuperation of wetlands with high ecological value constitutes one of the major environmental goals of wildlife conservation authorities in the Region of Valencia. However, the recuperation of wetlands involves some problems such as the re-appearance of suitable habitats for the proliferation o...

CDC traps are employed as an efficient tool in monitoring mosquito population changes, evaluation of climatic and human made changes on species abundance and composition as well as for estimation of success of control programs. Despite the great advantage in labor saving and sampling the species whi...

The paper deals with the application of user-friendly programs in mosquito control. Identification of Indian anopheline mosquitoes in malaria control operations is a paramount importance. The WHO monograph which describes the taxonomic data in the form of a pictorial key is generally difficult to un...

Environmental alteration, habitat manipulation, introduction of predators appear as promising interventions for integrated mosquito management for Dhaka city. A survey of mosquito breeding grounds in 1994 showed 86.4% less larvae in drains with flowing water than stagnant drains, and 77.7% less in d...

The phenomenon of autogeny has been well known in the Culex pipiens complex which consists of several physiological forms. Females of the autogenous form of Cx. pipiens are able to produce the first egg batch without a previous blood meal, whereas anautogenous females need a blood-meal for egg produ...

In the light of global warming and the predicted enlargment of chloroquine-resistant malaria -endemic areas, it has to be seen whether other alternate antimalarial drugs have effects similar to those of chloroquine in increase transmission. Compared to studies on antimalarial drugs and ability of th...

Pyriproxyfen, a synthetic analogue of the juvenile hormone of insects, has been used in the form of 0.5% granules (Sumilarv, Sumitomo, Japan) against preimaginal stages of house flies and mosquitoes for suppressing their quality. As the main condition of the experiment was to use strictly equalized ...

There is an increasing trend to use insecticide impregnated bednets for major interventions in malaria programs today. Deltamethrin has proved to be one of the most effective insecticides for vector control, especially under varying climatic conditions, and is already the most widely used insecticid...

Insecticide resistance problems have been recognised as an increasing problem in Europe as a consequence of both the accumulation of resistance mechanisms by some species and the greater diversity of arthropods becoming a pest problem. Arthropods of particular concern include public health and lives...

Observation carried out in increase in the number of all blood-sucking arthropods in Lithuania. The abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal vector for the Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) agents in three biggest towns of Lithuania was compared with the incidence of morbidity o...

Urban entomology has grown dramatically in the last 25 years and has attained a disciplinary status within the entomological and pest management community. As urban centers have grown throughout the world, the importance of the control of arthropods and insects associated with humans and their struc...

The French Quarter of New Orleans is the site for a new national campaign against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, an exotic species that now infests 13 states. The campaign includes the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service, the Louisiana State Uni...

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Sukuse) has a potential to transmit some tropical diseases. Established colonies of Ae. albopictus in Guatemala were first discovered in the Caribbean harbor towns of Puerto Barrios and Puerto de Santo Tomas de Castilla, Department of Izabal in 1995. We in...

By the year 2025 about 61% of the world’s population will be living in urban areas, especially in developing countries. The urban population will double from 2.4 billion in 1995 to 5 billion in 2025. The world’s urban population is growing 2.5 times faster than the rural population. The impact on he...

The effective disposal of solid refuse from the urban environment is a fundamental requirement for a healthy city. Waste materials may be classified according to their origin and disposal technique. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is waste produced by the home, retail sector, offices, hotels, and simila...

Demand CS® (lambda-cyhalothrin) has been designed specifically for use in urban pest management. The product is based on microencapsulation technology which encloses the liquid active ingredient in a polymer shell to provide protection against hostile environmental conditions. Electron microscopy an...

The history of natural and synthetic bioanalogues of insect juvenile hormone (JH), juvenoids is more than 40 years old. The first JH-active lipid extracts prepared from the cecropia moths in 1956. The first JH-active was an isoprenoid farnesol isolated in 1961, then “pseudojuvenilizing” or JH-mimeti...

Insecticides of plant origin have been receiving attention in recent years to overcome the environmental hazards in using synthetic insecticides. Large numbers of plant samples have been screened for their insecticidal and/or repellent activities and a few of them have been found promising and their...

Mosquito coils with the active ingredient d-allethrin (0.2% w/w), and d-trans allethrin (0.1% w/w) together with blank coils were tested in the laboratory against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say of different ages and physiological condition, using a test method of the Standard a...

A large scale resistance management programme is currently being undertaken in Chiapas, Southern Mexico. this paper reports the baseline levels of resistance as detected by bioassays and biochemical assays in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus in the study area. A high level of resistance to DDT and l...

Certain physical and chemical factors in mosquito larval aquatic habitat, in relation to larval species distribution were studied in different ecosystems of Kuwait State. Ten types of breeding places were found in the different ecological areas of Kuwait State. These were animal watering basins, see...

A study was initiated in the laboratory to compare the effects of spore dust and sawdust formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensisand B.sphaericus on immatures of laboratory and field samples of C. quinquefasciatus. Various types of ecological niches including cesspits, cement tanks and...

The rapid breakdown of the Soviet Union into many independent, mostly ethnic states, heralded a new historical era with tremendous political, social and economic anomalies. And while the newly formed entities are being hailed as a triumph for individual freedoms and political democracy, the social a...

Mixtures of insecticides have been proposed as one tool for the management of insecticide resistance. The concept of mixtures relies on the hypothesis that organisms may be able to overcome a single toxicant but are unlikely to be able to overcome several independently acting toxicants. Mixtures hav...

Several types of Culigel@ superabsorbent polymers were evaluated as matrices for the controlled release and/or encapsulation of insect growth regulators, bacteria, or organophosphates for long-term control of immature mosquitoes or adult and immature cockroaches. Bioassays against mosquito larvae wi...

We recognise that insecticides must continue to play a major role in most control programmes against insect pests or vectors, particularly when there are emergencies which cannot wait for alternative means of control to be developed. We believe genetic methods should be given serious thought and inv...