ICUP Proceedings Search

Insecticidal baits are one of the most popular tools for controlling cockroaches. They rely on precise label dosage guidelines to achieve control for a varied number of cockroach species. Periplaneta americana can consume high quantities of bait before being incapacitated. This has the potential for...

We tested a new SentriTech formulation of refined cellulose bait matrix containing hexaflumuron 0.5% to eliminate Reticulitermes grassei and Reticulitermes banyulensis, using 3-month monitoring and bait-replenishment interval, during 4 years in 40 sites in Spain, and compared the results against the...

Alternatives to anticoagulants have presented limitations in their use and/or efficacy. BASF have developed a non-anticoagulant rodenticide bait containing cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). A beneficial feature of cholecalciferol is that it is effective against all anticoagulant resistant strains of rat...

The increasing prevalence of the nuisance pest Ctenolepisma longicaudata has demanded an assessment of the tools for control and elimination that are available to the pest control industry. A single application of a commercially available cockroach bait containing 1% Clothianidin at a dose rate of 0...

BASF have developed a non-anticoagulant rodenticide soft bock bait, Selontra® (0.075 % cholecalciferol). In mammals, cholecalciferol toxicity causes death by hypercalcemia - the calcification of soft tissues such as heart, kidney, liver, stomach (inducing a stop-feeding effect). The resulting “stop-...

Combinations of bait and spray were tested against susceptible and field-collected German cockroaches, Blattella germanica. In exposure tests, residual deposits of all sprays were lethal to a susceptible strain, but pyrethrin and certain pyrethroid sprays were repellent in choice boxes. Indoxacarb b...

Urban Pest Management Programs demand spatial information. Madrid City Council has been incorporating Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the last three decades. As a result, Health Madrid’s Vector Control Department (DCV) has improved urban pest management notably. Systematic rat control wit...

In Europe there are up to 7 different species of underground termites. In France, Portugal and Spain there are 3 important species: Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes Lucifugus and Reticulitermes flavipes). Presence of R. grassei in Spain, Portugal and France, R. lucifugus in France and Spain an...

Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is a significant challenge affecting pest management professionals worldwide. The use of gel baits against German cockroaches has become a popular option in Asia. However, recently, there were anecdotal reports that the field ...

Pest control strategies would become more effective if semiochemicals (volatile organic signalling compounds) instead of foods were used as lures and bait additives. This is because (1) they can be encapsulated into non-perishable lure products that emit a sustained odour for extended time periods t...

The efficacy of YJX-100 yellowjacket baiting system to control individual nests and to provide area-wide suppression of European wasps Vespula germanica was evaluated. The study was conducted in a disturbed urban tall grass habitat in Canberra, Australia in 2017. Six active European wasp nests were ...

Insecticidal baits are proven effective tactics for domestic cockroach species, but limited information about their use and efficacy exist for outdoor applications targeting peridomestic species. We evaluated three commercial bait products against large populations of Turkestan cockroaches at two pu...

Rats pose a significant problem to society (zoonotic diseases, severe property damage and food loss). The urban environment favors high population density, especially of the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Increasingly high infestation levels are observed, in particular where human presence is high (...

Two new technologies (spray with a pheromone adjuvant + biodegradable hydrogel bait delivery method) were used to develop a unique IPM protocol for Argentine ant at urban structural settings. The IPM protocol included a one-time perimeter treatment with 0.03% fipronil (mixed with a pheromone adjuvan...

Due to the organic nature of its constituents, wood is subjected to deterioration by biological agents, including termites, with some of them being urban pests. This study aimed to evaluate the wood consumption of Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis a...

Cockroaches are of the great importance in public health. Blattella germanica is the main specie that infests commercial kitchens and industrial kitchens, due to conditions for their development. One of the methods to control B. germanica is the use of insecticides in the gel bait formulation. The o...

Reticulitermes flavipes, one of the most harmful subterranean termite pests, was recently reported for the first time from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It is estimated that it was introduced between 2002 and 2005 in the northeast of the island. It affects buildings, crops and both native and or...

Rodents are frequent pests on a farm environment in Brazil. Their presence usually is related with general animal stress, loss of productivity and food waste. Among several species that may occur on this kind of facility, there is Rattus rattus, also known as the roof rat. The aim of this study was ...

Rats pose a significant problem to society (zoonoses, severe property damage and food loss). The urban environment favours high population density, especially of the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Due to high food availability and the presence of attractive habitats for rats in urban parks and garde...

New technologies have the potential to transform Pest Control Operator techniques and to reduce environmental impact through a green revolution. Internet of Things (IoT)-based application development platforms have the potential to run Autonomous management tools capable of monitoring real-time even...

Outdoor areas were monitored for two pestiferous species of yellowjackets, Vespula alascensis Packard and Vespula pensylvanica Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), in southern and northern California. Heptyl butyrate attracted V. acadica (Sladen), V. alascensis, V. atropilosa (Sladen), and V. pensylvan...

At the end of April 2018, a pest control company brought three termite soldiers and some alates to the Urban Pest Advisory Service (UPAS) for species determination. They were found in a building in a medium-sized city on Lake Zurich (Canton Zurich). A mitochondrial DNA analysis by the University of ...

A rodent infestation in a food manufacturing, distribution or retail facility threatens both the integrity and safety of the food supply. The consequences of a rodent infestation in food manufacturing facilities can include failing audits, regulatory fines, product recalls and - in extreme cases - p...

Silverfish (Lepisma saccarinum) are described as a pest to museum and paper objects and mainly occur in damp and humid conditions. They can damage paper, starchy materials, wall paper, but in some cases also insect collections and textiles. The firebrat (Thermobia domesticum) is also described in th...

The control of Blattella germanica represents a major challenge for Brazilian PCOs (Pest Control Operators), due to their great capacity for reproduction and dispersal on tropical weather environments. Several gel bait insecticides have been developed and sold in Brazil, during the past few years, f...

The Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB Catalan acronym) is in charge of the surveillance and control of pests, such as cockroaches, in public areas and sewage system of the City. As in other Mediterranean cities, Periplaneta americana has colonized the sewage system of Barcelona in last years, ...

Insecticide sprays used for ant control generally cause environmental contamination. Liquid bait is effective, but requires bait stations to dispense the toxicant. In this study, we develop a natural alginate hydrogel to deliver liquid bait, without the use of bait stations. Hydrogel beads condition...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) is an important urban insect pest world-wide. Heavy reliance and frequent usage of residual insecticides have led to the development of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach. Bait formulations containing fipronil and indoxacarb are excellent re...

Solid food carried into nests of ants by foraging workers is reported to be fed to larvae for digestion before nutrients are transmitted back to workers. The role of the digestion of solid food by larvae for worker consumption was investigated in the use of gel and granular baits in the management o...

Gel bait treatments are widely used for cockroach control, in part because they are considered to be safer and more effective than other methods. However, commercially available baits are considered to have a limited range over which they can attract and, as a result, fail to lure cockroaches out of...

In recent years we have lost many rodenticide products, and seen increased regulatory restrictions on the way in which remaining products may be used. In the food industry, client-imposed restrictions further limit usage options. House mice (Mus domesticus) remain a major challenge to control, even ...

The Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB Catalan acronym) is in charge of the surveillance and control of pests, such as some rodents, in public green areas and sewage system of the City. In the context of recent legal restrictions on the use of rodenticides, the control in green surfaces through...

The current urban rodent control servicing model which relies very heavily on baiting with rodenticides is being increasingly challenged, and two studies are reported here that attempt to ‘go back to the basics’ of rodent behavior in order to investigate new avenues for innovation. The ability of se...

Rodents are frequent pests on a farm environment in Brazil. Among several species that may occur on this kind of facility, there are Rattus rattus and Mus musculus, also known as the roof rat and mouse, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative palatability of 6 distinct bl...

From 2014 to 2016, in Moscow, Kaluga region, and Ural (Ekaterinburg) we have been monitored the susceptibility of male German cockroaches to topically applying 1μl insecticides of different structure. It was found that all cockroach populations are most resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, especial...

Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...

Urban pest management in Spain, which involves prevention and control, corresponds to the municipalities. The data, key elements and conclusions of a continuous analysis of 10 years of the Madrid Municipality pest control program against sewer system cockroaches (Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta am...

Three commercial rodenticide bait blocks were tested at a confined swine facility in Lafayette, Indiana to compare efficacy for control of the house mouse (Mus Musculus). The three products were Talon® Ultrablok rodenticide (brodifacoum 0.005%), Final® All-Weather Blox™ (brodifacoum 0.005%), and Con...

Rose-ringed parakeets have recently become established in cities across Europe including London, where they are now commonly seen in parks and gardens. Concerns regarding impacts on native birds as well as noise and damage to horticultural interests, have prompted increasing interest in management o...

This paper presents data from the development of a new paste-based formulation containing the acute rodenticide chloralose (RapidPro) in order to assess its suitability as an alternative to anticoagulant rodenticides. Albino mice were single caged and offered a chloralose formulation in a standard ‘...

This poster will report on development of a new cockroach gel bait formulation based on the active ingredient clothianidin. We will review research conducted to establish a minimum effective concentration for clothianidin in the formulation that is necessary to kill cockroaches. A series of trials w...

Lord Howe Island is a small sub-tropical island off the east coast of Australia. African bigheaded ant Pheidole megacephala (F.) was discovered on the island in 2003 and been subject to ongoing attempts at eradication resulting from concerns over its impact on native biota. In 2006-2007 a trial was ...

The aim of this work was to evaluated to a minimal dose and minimal lethal time of Fipronil and Hydramethylnone bait gel formulation at a concentration of 0.05 and 2.15%. The insects were food deprived during 24 hours and after confined individually with the respective dose of the gel, water and foo...

In this study, we examined the resistance status of six field-collected strains from Singapore to eight insecticides, as well as the resistance of the parental through F5 generations after they were selected with indoxacarb bait. All strains showed no resistance to acetamiprid (0.7–1.9x), imidaclopr...

In the European Union, baits against pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) have to be authorized as biocidal products. The dossier to be submitted for authorization of the product has to include a proof of product efficacy. No consistent test standards have been established by the European Commission....

Control of Rattus norvegicus in Brazil is frequently made by applying wax blocks and, more recently, with extruded blocks containing a second generation anticoagulant a.i., where wax blocks have shown low attractiveness. We conducted two field studies to evaluate the attractiveness of a wax block (K...

A genetic resistance to anticoagulants, and bait shyness, have made baited approaches to rodent management less effective. Baiting approaches rely on the rodent to consume the anticoagulant; however, there is no guarantee that effective amounts of the rodenticide will be ingested. The consequence of...

Ekomille trap is an electromechanical and ecological system for the capture of mice and rats. The trap is baited with natural foods without any type of toxic bait and it is able to capture over 80 rodents. In the present work are reported results of field trials carried out to evaluate the Ekomille ...

Pachycondyla chinensis (Emery), the Asian needle ant, is an invasive, stinging ant established in the United States. It is known to displace both native and invasive ant species such as Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant. It can be medically important to people who are allergic to arthropo...

Cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide that belongs to the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides. The novel mode of action of cyantraniliprole depletes calcium from insect muscle, affecting muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventually death. We report the results of testing of two formu...

The Invasive Garden Ant, Lasius neglectus, was first recognised in Europe in 1990, and has now been recorded from at least ten European countries. It was first found in the UK in 2009 in Hidcote Manor Garden, Gloucestershire, UK, where the ant is believed to have been present for several decades. A ...

The urban environment provides conditions for the establishment and spread of some species of ants, known as tramp ant species. They can occur in many environments, including hospitals, industrial and domestic kitchens, acting as carriers of pathogenic organisms. The most effective method of control...

Gel baits are easy to incorporate in pest management programs because they present properties like low toxicity, less environmental risk than sprays, easy handling and proved effectivity. Active ingredients, Fipronil and Imidacloprid, act through ingestion and contact as neurotoxics. Fipronil, a phe...

In a semi natural test system for efficacy evaluation of rodenticidal products according to the Infectious Diseases Protection Act of the Federal Republic of Germany, 80 choice tests with Mus musculus and 62 choice tests with Rattus norvegicus from 1984 to 2010 were evaluated. The tests were conduct...

The rats control in environment involves the chemical control using poison baits that are composed by paraffin blocks, mixture of seeds or pellets in packs. Some products used in pest control are natural organic certified rodent. These materials can be distributed externally or around the places usi...

Baits (station, granule, gel and liquid) are widely used in the control of ant pests because of their effectiveness, ease of application, and their reduced risk to people, pets and the environment. Among the types of baits, gel baits are the most popular bait type for ant control. However, after app...

The Argentine ant is a major household pest worldwide and efforts to control it usually involve the use of slow acting insecticides contained in baits, composed of either liquid sugar solutions or solid protein particles. A common toxicant used in commercial baits has been boron, either as borax (so...

Blattella germanica is a very important pest in homes, food service establishments and other structures in São Paulo city. The roach bait control is usually recommended. The aim this work was to evaluate the minimal dose of different active ingredients in bait commercial gel to B. germanica control....

Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) has been present in Australia for approximately 100 years and has spread to many areas of temperate climate in southern Australia. Argentine ant has proven to be difficult to control under Australian conditions with the insecticidal products available up until now....

Subterranean termites are widely known by their substantial damage in urban areas. Coptotermes gestroi is an alien species originated from Asia, introduced accidently in Brazil, where is responsible for severe economical impact. To reduce the use of insecticides in the termite management, some resea...

Control of adult roaches is usually not problematic as those life cycle stages are actively exploring the habitat for food sources. Nymphs are less mobile and therefore less likely to access a bait spot directly. Natural occurring populations of German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) show a relat...

Global warming together with global trade and tourism gives foreign organisms a lot of opportunities to enter Europe and to find suitable habitats to establish. A number of these species already have a status as pests in their native countries and now start to be of major concern in Europe. A growin...

Subterranean termites are important pests in the U.S. and many parts of the world. Most products available for subterranean termite control are registered in Florida and currently there are 76 products. Most are either repellent or non-repellent soil treatment products. In recent years the number of...

Periplaneta americana is broadly accepted as the major insect pest in the sewage systems of Spain. The environmental conditions of our country, especially in eastern and southern regions, let the populations of this insect develop to enormous numbers with the risk to become a sanitary problem. Commo...

The ant species Pheidole susannae Forel 1886 is native to Central America, its distribution range goes from southern Mexico to northern South America, and it is present in Colombia and Venezuela. Occurs in various habitats, including highly disturbed areas (city parks), seasonal dry forest, mature l...

For indoor control of Rattus rattus it is recommended the use of rodenticide baits formulated as pellets containing different active ingredients, among which, the bromadiolone. In practice, the packs containing pellet formulations are partially opened and placed in the indoor buildings until their i...

Optimisation of performance of dry flowable powder formulations for control of crawling insect pests is known to involve control of particle size and effective distribution of active ingredient. Enhanced pick-up by the insect cuticle has been demonstrated through use of powder bearing an electrostat...

Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder 1924) belongs to the group of subterranean termites, it is regarded as an important pest in passion fruit and corn crops in Venezuela and Colombia, it has also been found in Citrus orchards at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In urban zones it had only been report...

The Exterraä Termite Interception and Baiting System (Ensystex Inc., Fayetteville, NC) was evaluated in field experiments in India and Botswana. Alpha-cellulose powder containing chlorfluazuron (Requiemä) was tested for its efficacy in eliminating colonies of various subterranean termite species in ...

Innovation means many things to many people and some definitions that may be considered as representative, particularly with respect to public health pest control include “The act of introducing something new”, “a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation” and “gene...

The aim of this study was to compare the structure of ant communities in two neighborhoods (Itaquera and Vila Mariana) with different urban profiles in the city of São Paulo. It also aims to establish the relationship between habits of the residents, the state of conservation and cleaning of homes a...

Baiting offers an integral tool in the management of ants. Baiting trials with Camponotus modoc were successful in 55% of field trials with two granular, three gel, and two containerized baits in 2005-2007. Results with two granular, three gel, and four containerized baits in laboratory trials yield...

Rattus rattus is considered to have a less omnivorous diet than R. norvegicus, preferring fruit, seeds and grains. Therefore, the efficacy of existing commercial (Sorex) difenacoum rodenticide bait formulations against R. rattus was uncertain and studies were undertaken to determine their efficacy. ...

Secondary kill of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L)., by baits was reported to increase the overall control efficacy of bait products. However, most studies have been based on laboratory strains and small nymphs. We compared the secondary kill of four cockroach gel baits against various ...

Choice experiments determined sucrose bait base preference by using laboratory colonies of 10 species of urban pest ants, namely Monomorium pharaonis (L.), Monomorium floricola (Jerdon), Monomorium destructor (Jerdon), Monomorium orientale Mayr, Tapinoma indicum (Forel), Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fab...

A novel semi-liquid ant bait matrix containing imidacloprid between 0.001 and 0.1% destroyed all laboratory colonies of Pharaoh’s ant in a dose related time span. Best performance was observed with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% imidacloprid. Two concentrations (0.01 and 0.05%) were field ...

Tapinoma melanocephalum F. (Ghost Ant) infestations have increased in Western Europe. Generally, Ghost Ant infestations resemble those of Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh’s Ant) with a focus to older, multi-unit apartment blocks which offer a multitude of nesting opportunities and easy migration of ant...

Several ant species have association to human structures in Brazil and their presence promotes problems such as contamination of food, damage to electronic appliances, and allergies due to the their venom. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a methoprene-based bait against diff...

Darwin is the largest city in northern Australia, located above the tropic of Capricorn and experiences a tropical monsoon climate. A wide range of invasive and nuisance ants are present in and around Darwin and considered significant urban pests. These include African Bigheaded Ant (Pheidole megace...

Seasonal and annual intensity of foraging pestiferous yellowjackets in California (USA) was determined with wet capture traps using heptyl butyrate (HB) lure. Although 3 species were sympatric at every test site, the most abundant at > 85 to 90% of total was V. pensylvanica (Saussure). There was ...

The use of bait in a bait station may significantly alter bait acceptance, and consequently its efficacy for rodent control. Here, we describe a method for efficacy testing of rodent bait stations under laboratory conditions. Bait stations are tested in an experimental setup of three test chambers (...

Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid have the same mode of action. They are agonists the nicotinic acethylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the insect central nervous system. These insecticides are gaining widespread use for controlling urban insect pests in Russia. Four...

Colonies of Reticulitermes hesperus were baited to test the efficacy of lufenuron (ZyroxTM) and to assess reinvasion of the foraging sites vacated by eliminated colonies. Twelve colonies of R. hesperus were characterized with cuticular hydrocarbon analyses, mark-recapture, agonistic behavioral studi...

Chronic cockroach infestations, high cockroach allergen levels, and repeated insecticide use is a serious health concern among low-income residents living in multi-family housing. Surveys in 358 randomly selected apartments in Gary, Indiana in 2006 revealed that 30% of the apartments were infested w...

A fipronil SC formulation was evaluated against a multi-resistant population of Blattella germanica. The test site was an eight-story apartment building, with 150 individual apartments in Neratovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Conditions in the apartments included general disorder and an abund...

Cases of undesirable contacts of people with yellowjackets on the territory of European part of Russia have become much more frequent recently. The yellowjacket pest problem rises usually in natural habitats of these insects changed as a result of a human economic activity (countryside plots, campsi...

A termite baiting system was evaluated in field experiments in Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia and the Philippines. Alpha-cellulose powder containing chlorfluazuron (Requiem™) was tested for its efficacy in eliminating colonies of subterranean termites in landscape and orchard trees. Traditional meth...

Modern bait formulations have been used successfully to control infestations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) since the mid 1980s. Because of the slow-acting insecticides used in most bait formulations, unmetabolized insecticide may be excreted in the feces and oral secretions, and ...

Invasive ants present a serious threat to humans, wildlife and sensitive environmental habitats. The nature of these sensitive sites such as schools, nursing homes, parks, and zoos prevent the widespread application of insecticides to control ants and encourage alternative strategies. The presence o...

German cockroach is the most common pest of urban, low-income housing and is associated with high pesticide use by residents. Cockroach allergen is implicated in asthma exacerbation and initiation and in the growing social and medical aspects of the disease. A safe and secure home environment is an ...

Three experimental gel matrices containing indoxacarb and three market-leading Maxforce gels containing either fipronil or hydramethylnon were evaluated and the roles of active ingredients and bait bases in the bait performance were examined against both lab susceptible and bait averse strains of Ge...

Behavior is modulated by both learned and innate factors, and the heritability of behavior has been documented in several arthropod taxa. Certain behaviors have evolved following selection with toxicants. One such behavior that is adaptive to the German cockroach is glucose aversion, which is contro...

Bait aversion is a behavioral avoidance phenomenon, whereupon some naturally and/or artificially (e.g. toxic baits) selected Blattella germanica genotypes become less responsive to or completely avoid certain phagostimulatory food ingredients. Cases of avoidance behaviors, including associative lear...

Commercial gel bait formulations, including two new formulations of indoxacarb (0.6% AI; RG2V3 and DPX411), were evaluated for efficacy against a "bait averse" strain of German cockroaches (Saginaw strain). Bait consumption and subsequent mortality of the Saginaw cockroaches were compared with that ...

Bait aversion has recently resurfaced, approximately six to ten years after the first known case of bait aversion (glucose aversion) was corrected. Anecdotal reports from Pest Management Professionals have indicated poor acceptance and control failures on commercial cockroach gel baits since late 19...

Bait consumption is a complex interaction of behaviors and physiology / biochemistry mechanisms. It starts with a single premise that the response to a shortage or an impending shortage of nutrients required for maintenance, growth and development. Shortages may be acute such as a daily requirement,...

This study evaluated the effects of two commercially available products that have been used to supplement bait stations on feeding and tunneling behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. A bioassay was conducted to examine the effects of water-soluble chemicals e...

The Pharaoh’s ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) is an important species in the urban environment. This paper discussed the performance of a new bait formulation containing S-methoprene. Discussions are made on various laboratory experiments (in Budapest, Hungary and Penang, Malaysia) and field trials i...

The toxicity of granular ant bait formulations containing abamectin B1, orthoboric acid, or propoxur was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments against American, Periplaneta americana (L.), and German, Blattella germanica (L.), cockroaches. LT50 values for American cockroaches ranged from &...

Papers discussing the rodenticidal effect of coumatetralyl on warfarin-resistant colonies of roof rat has not been published so far in Japan. The authors discussed the effects of bait formulation of coumatetralyl on warfarin-resistant and susceptible roof rat and the urban, wild roof rats caught in ...

Insecticide resistance in insects is a well-documented phenomenon that is equally related to toxicology and evolutionary biology. Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach has a long history dating back over 60 years. Thus, the recent evolution of gel bait aversion resistance is but one example...

Indoxacarb, with a novel mode of action, is in a new class of chemistry called Oxadiazines. The compound was registered in the United States in 1999 for agricultural uses and Dupont Professional Products is developing the compound for new uses in the Structural Pest Control industry. One of the firs...

Five insecticide bait formulations have been evaluated for their attractiveness to adults of Brown-banded Cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) in laboratory trials. The gel formulations contained one of the following active ingredients (a.i.): hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, fipronil. Tests were carried...

In fly control, the development of new insecticidal compounds with oral action encourages the development of baits. Imidacloprid, which belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds, is most active when it is ingested and it is used in fly control as a granule for application as scatter bait (Qu...

Physiological factors related to bait aversion in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. We compared the metabolic rates, respiration patterns, and taste receptor perceptions of control and bait averse German cockroaches. Both strains...

Subterranean termites are wood structure destructor in both urban and agricultural sectors. Termite control comprises about 50% of the total business turnover of the pest control industry in Malaysia; which was estimated at RM40 million annually. Baiting is considered a rather new technique in Malay...

Carpenter ants are major structural pests in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavian countries. With the advent of non-repellent chemicals and more attractive baits, shifts have occurred in management strategies that include either perimeter sprays or baiting as the sole method for control. Four...

American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), left undisturbed, often develop to enormous numbers and become major pests in sanitary sewers throughout much of the world. They are also domiciliary pests in many places, especially in southeast Asia. Moving from sewers, they often invade surroundin...

New Zealand has three species of native termites Kalotermes brouni, Stolotermes ruficeps and S. inopinus. In terms of destructive capability, these are of minor significance. Invasive Australian subterranean termites, specifically Coptotermes acinaciformis and C. frenchii hitchhiked into New Zealand...

The Exterra Termite Interception and Baiting System (Ensystex Inc., Fayetteville, NC) was evaluated in field experiments in Australia, Thailand and the Philippines. Cellulose-acetate powder containing chlorfluazuron (RequiemTM) was tested for its efficacy in eliminating colonies of various mound-bui...

The current study, in three methods, topical application, surface contact (WHO glass jar) method and toxic baits, was designed to investigate the relationship between permethrin German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) resistant strains and fipronil. Twelve German cockroach strains used in this s...

We evaluated different traps with non-toxic liquid attractant compositions and surfactants for drowning trapped flying insects. For Drosophila spp. (vinegar fly) in field the most effective bait was: SmartWay Fruit Fly Trap (surface tension 22 mN/m, 100% drowned flies, ICB Pharma) > 960 Vector ( ...

Neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam share a common mode of action. They are agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the central nervous system. These insecticides are gaining widespread use for controlling urban insect pests in Russia. They are insecticide...

The feeding responses of three urban pest ant species, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) and Monomorium destructor (Jerdon) after being subjected to nutritional starvation and satiation (either for all nutrients, carbohydrate only, protein only or lipid only) were studied usin...

This investigation was carried out in several different parts of Iran during 1998-2001. Out of 9799 female Anopheles captured by different methods, An. fluviatilis comprised 35.5%, An. dthali 30.3%, An. stephensi 29.4%, An. sergentii 4.6%, An. culicifacies, An. turkhudi and An. superpictus were 0.2%...

The Pharaoh’s ant is one of the utmost cosmopolitan pest species in the world. Its notoriety in bacterial transmission at hospitals through sterilized apparatus makes it an even more burdensome pest. Over the years, many studies on the control of this species had been conducted. This includes the us...

Rats ( Norway rat and roof rat ) and mice are commensal rodents, that is, they live in close association with human. Rodents cause numerous problems such as spread serious diseases, consume or contaminate food supply, carry ectoparasites which potentially spread diseases, start fires and cause great...

Rodents are one of the main health problems in the cities, especially in ports. These animals make economic damages and are potential health dangers in Bandar Abbas, the main economic southern port of Iran. In this study, rodents were captured with live traps using tomato, cucumber and cheese baits ...

The management of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is critical to the economic well-being of the United States. Estimates of property damage, repairs, and control measures exceed U.S. $1 billion per year in the U.S., of which $500 million is incurred in Louisiana. In 1998, ...

This descriptive survey studied comparison of malaria cases, epidemiological and entomological serves, insecticides used and mean temperature, relative humidity and amounts of rain fall in a ten year period (1994-2003).The most important species of anopheline vectors include: Anopheles stephensi, An...

Shape and characteristics in five domiciliary cockroach-feces Feces of domiciliary cockroaches often contaminate food or medicine packages. The presence of feces in foraging places is evidence of a cockroach infestation. The shape and other characteristics of feces differ among species. When they fe...

With respect to the technical, executive and ecological problems involved in residual spraying and along with changes occurred in Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Plan in malaria control, in present time, the strategy of using pyrethroid impregnated bed-nets has attracted the attention of the experts of WHO ...

The Argentine ants nest in the ground and forage into hundreds of trees and houses in the area. We investigated the effect of competition between Argentine ants and red imported fire ants. When equal numbers of Argentine ants and fire ants interacted, fire ants were more successful than Argentines, ...

The article reviews insectoacaricidal formulations authorized for use in the Russian Federation during the period of 1992-2004, with a number of conclusions followed from the review. It recorded a stable interest to the containerized aerosols and emulsifiable concentrates, consistent growth of ecolo...

Management of subterranean termites for past years depends mainly on cyclodiene and organophosphorous termiticides. During those years, these chemicals appeared to be the most suitable chemicals for controlling subterranean termite. However, public concern regarding environmental and health issues c...

Metaflumizone (proposed common name) is a high performance insecticide submitted for crop registration approval in the USA in 2004. Other key country registration submissions are expected to follow the USA application.Toxicological and environmental studies indicate that there is low risk to applica...

A Musca domestica (L.) control method in final solid waste disposal areas (recycling and composting facility and waste transfer station) was developed. The application of two fly control products based on azamethiphos (Alfacron 10 Plus, a wettable powder containing 10% a.i. and Snip, a ready-to-use ...

A study was conducted in the urban areas of Kuala Lumpur using CDC light trap, dog-baited trap and human landing collection to determine the vectors. Eleven species of mosquitoes were obtained, of which only Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus and Culex quinquefasciatus were in significant number...

Sucrose intake rate and percent effort (a variable which describes the amount of energy an insect uses to feed on a liquid) was quantified for Solenopsis invicta Buren. In other words, how much energy does the insect gain and how much energy is lost in the feeding event? In order to understand this ...

A brief overview on the options for biological control of termites is presented. Many organisms have been identified as being able to kill termites. However, we do not know their real impact on field populations of termites. Research has focused on some entomopathogenic nematodes and the fungi Beauv...

An area-wide management project to control the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (FST), in the New Orleans French Quarter (FQ) began in1998. Initially, all properties within fifteen square blocks were treated with either commercially available non-repellent termiticides o...

The effectiveness of insecticide formulations for public health pests is the key towards the success of vector control programmes. Evaluation of the efficacy of the abovementioned insecticide formulations by independent research institutes is very important before it can be registered and commercial...

The RockPointe Condominium Complex in Chatsworth, California, USA, has had a long history of subterranean termite activity and termite-related homeowner complaints. A total of 7,327 Sentricon® stations were installed between October and December of 2001 along the perimeter of 134 buildings, and insp...

Most manufacturers warn applicators to avoid contaminating cockroach baits with conventional aerosol or liquid insecticides. However, at least one study has concluded that small amounts of insecticides do not affect bait performance. In this study we use mint oil, a relatively nontoxic — yet highly ...

The objective of the research presented here was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of a toxic food bait on foraging choice by the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). This was done by analysing the importance of learning visual cues associated with feeding sites and the importance of...

Three components are considered when developing a baiting system: active ingredient; matrix; and termite biology. Attention to variations in termite biology is often limited, so a one-fits-all approach is chosen in the design. Efficacy of a bait system developed for a locally occurring species may n...

For more than 2 years, Bayer Corporation has worked with researchers and industry professionals to develop imidacloprid ant baits. Ant bait development has involved the input of many groups including research, marketing, formulation development, regulatory, packaging, and manufacturing. Imidacloprid...

The use of baits for the control of cockroaches in homes is now commonplace. To date, most bait studies have focused on the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L). However, in many parts of the world, especially the tropics, the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana(L), is a more common pest. ...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is the most important cockroach pest in Russia. After WW II, the use of inorganic compounds — such as boric acid, sodium fluoride, and arsenic — for cockroach control decreased, and the use of organic insecticides — such as organochlorines, organophosp...

The development of termite baits has demanded effective means of evaluating the success of commercial bait systems. Evaluation has been complicated by unknown factors concerning subterranean termite biology and foraging as well as a lack of definitive research methods. One important element of effec...

Experimental gel and powder bait formulations containing 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% Indoxacarb were evaluated in a series of laboratory and field studies against the German cockroach,Blattella germanica (L.). Mortality was first determined in 18 by 31 by 10 cm plastic boxes with loosely fitting covers. Twe...

The odorous house ant, Tapinoma sessile (Say), is the principal ant invading structures in the mid-south region of the United States (Hedges, 1998) and is ranked as one of the top five pest ants in the United States (Hedges, 2000). The objective of this study was to determine which treatment, perime...

Rats on farms live in a stable environment that provides plenty of shelter and high-value food alternatives. Therefore rat control often fails, resulting in long-term infestations that are more difficult to control the longer they resist control attempts, resulting in the demand for professional str...

Carpenter ants, Camponotusspp., are major structural pests as well as nuisance pests in northern areas of the United States, southern Canada, and northern Europe. Management tools have included cultural controls to modify habitats and foraging, dust applications to wall voids, perimeter sprays, bait...

Evaluations were made of Bayer Compound PNR342 imidacloprid granular bait at 0.5% a.i., as compared to methomyl (Golden Malrin) granular bait for control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Studies conducted included a laboratory caged study, bait trap evaluations in a commercial egglayer poultry f...

High palatability is an essential requirement for ant baits. They should not exhibit repellency and the ingredients need to be acceptable to the ant species. Since various ant species react differently to ingredients such as solvents, preservatives, or food in a bait, the determination of the palata...

Subterfuge® termite bait contains 0.3% hydramethylnon in a wood-flour matrix. Hydramethylnon provides a delayed-action mortality that allows for transfer of lethal doses within the termite population, followed by a relatively rapid elimination of the termites. Subterfuge® is effective in controlling...

The odorous house ant, Tapinoma sessile (Say), is a severe pest of structures. We have investigated whether the use of liquid bait formulations is an effective strategy for control of this peripatetic, tramp-ant species. Sixteen homes or business establishments, located in or near Cape May, NJ, were...

Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), are a major urban pest species in many countries with Mediterranean and semi-tropical climates. L. humile primarily feeds on honeydew, nectar, and other liquid sweets. Baits consisting of sucrose solutions are highly preferred. Sucrose-based liquid solution...

The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, is an invasive species that is a serious agricultural, ecological, and urban pest. L. humile displaces native ant species and other arthropods, and also invades homes and other structures. Monomorium minimum, the little black ant, is also an urban pest that wil...

The insecticide imidacloprid belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds and is most active against insects when ingested (Leicht, 1993; Londershausen, 1996). Its use in fly control is seen as an important area of application. An imidacloprid-based fly bait that could be selectively applied in...

Laboratory trials were done describing the primary and secondary kill ofBlattella germanica (L.) in response to MaxForce Gold, a new 0.03% AI fipronil-based cockroach bait. In bioassays measuring primary kill, MaxForce Gold at 0.1 g product/m2 caused ca. 90% mortality (14 DAT) of adult males and fem...

Questionnaire-based surveys of homeowners revealed that ants were the most economically important and abundant household pest after mosquitoes and cockroaches in Malaysia. Twenty-five species of ants were found indoors and outside buildings; all species nest outdoors except Monomorium pharaonis, Mon...

Commercially available termite-baiting systems were evaluated for efficacy in a management program for Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Termite-baiting systems evaluated include Sentricon® (Dow AgroSciences), with hexaflumuron, FirstLine® (FMC Corp.), and Terminate® (U...

Hexaflumuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor registered in the United States solely as a termite bait active ingredient. A benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator, with the proposed common name of noviflumuron, is being developed by Dow AgroSciences for use as the active ingredient in a termite b...

In Louisiana, 115 chemicals are registered for use against red imported fire ants,Solenopsis invicta, and other pest ants such as Argentine ants, Linepithema humile. Yet citizens and pest control operators still struggle with adequate control of ant pests in homes, nursing facilities, hospitals, and...

Field strain male German cockroaches,Blattella germanica (L.), considered “resistant” to fipronil by standard topical application methodology, were found to readily consume a novel 0.03% fipronil gel bait and succumb. Although a simple method, valid for contact sprays or residual deposits, topical a...

The impact of noviflumuron on whole colonies of Pharaoh’s ants,Monomorium pharaonis L., was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Large colonies (tens to several hundred queens, 0.5 to 2 grams brood, and 2,000+ workers contained in nine cm diameter by two cm high plastic Petri dishes w...

The impacts of exotic rodent species, particularly the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the ship rat (Rattus rattus), and the house mouse (Mus musculus) on economic, production, health, and conservation values are widely recognised around the world. Developing strategies for the effective management ...

To build upon laboratory studies examining termite (Coptotermes andReticulitermes) behavior and mortality with various configurations of the Defender™ Unit, the Defender Unit was evaluated for field performance as a component of the FirstLine® Termite Defense SystemSM. The Defender Units were instal...

The benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator (IGR) noviflumuron and the fast-acting insect neurotoxicant spinosad were field tested separately and in combination to determine efficacy against the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. Two separate trials were conducted in three se...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanusShiraki, is a serious pest in several parts of the world and is one of the most destructive insects in Louisiana, USA. A pilot test was begun in 1998 to determine the effectiveness of area-wide management on this insect and to reduce its densi...

Speed of control in cockroach field trials with bait products often seems to vary inexplicably by region. An investigation was run on a variety of field strains to determine whether temperature and strain differences are factors involved in speed of performance. Regional strains from a variety of so...

German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), catch by five types of traps and modifications of each for a total of 15 different treatments, were tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to detect differences among traps. The response variables...

Insecticidal activities of noviflumuron formulated as dust, gel, and suspension concentrate (SC) were evaluated against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), in the laboratory and in apartments. In laboratory studies conducted in large cockroach arenas (1 m2 boxes), population reductions a...

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is a highly invasive species, a major urban pest, and capable of impacting native systems. It was first found in New Zealand in 1990, and in March 2000, a population was discovered on a 200-ha island reserve of conservation significance. This led to a call for ...

The control of rats in the United Kingdom falls to various public and private sector organisations. Local authority environmental health departments do have certain legal duties related to the public health risks posed by rodents, but the way in which they meet these duties varies. This paper report...

The Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) is an important pest ant species in many parts of the world. Knowledge and understanding of feeding behavior of this species are essential to the success of baiting. Transfer of a toxicant in a bait to kill a targeted colony depends on the ability of the nu...

The dynamics of colonisation, persistence, and extinction of Blattella germanicaand Plodia interpunctella populations was studied in a hospital kitchen and a food plant. Metapopulations of both pests persisted during the period of the study, despite the presence of regular monitoring and pest contro...

The purpose of this demonstration project was to evaluate the effectiveness of three integrated pest management (IPM) treatment plans in controlling structural and institutional pests in public schools. IPM strategies evaluated were: 1) exclusion, trapping, and sanitation, with no chemical inputs; 2...

Combining methods for cockroach control is often prevented by the perception that gel baits are easily contaminated by other insecticides. The objectives were to determine the ability of liquid and dust insecticides to contaminate a cockroach control bait. A gel bait (Maxforce, 2.15% hydramethylnon)...

The aim of this study was to investigate food bait preference in Blattella germanica (L.) cockroaches in relation to age and to compare their feeding preferences in several choice situations. Food choice presents two components: attractiveness measured by food type eaten first and feeding stimulatio...

Necrophagy was shown to provide efficient transfer of fipronil toxicity from poisoned oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis(L.)) cadavers to groups of untreated cockroaches in laboratory experiments. Adult females poisoned with Goliath gel deposits of 0.1 - 40 mg 0.05% w/w a.i. formulation were indi...

Over the last decade there has been a steady growth in the use of insecticidal baits to control cockroaches, particularly since the development of slow-acting, non-repellent compounds such as hydramethylnon and, most recently, fipronil. These baits have become increasingly popular for a number of re...

Lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate (LPOS, proposed common name SulfotineTM) is an isomeric mixture containing approximately 70% of the linear isomer and 30% branched isomers. Molecular formula for LPOS is C8F17LiO3S, and acute oral LD50 is greater than 5,000 mg/kg. LPOS exhibits promising oral toxicit...

The Pharaoh’s ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a widespread urban pest, being most common in large, heated buildings. Fipronil is a novel phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, effective against insects of urban importance including termites and cockroaches, being active by both oral...

A weak link in the implementation of effective termite baiting techniques is reliable recruitment of termite foragers to baits. Little is known about how termites locate food sources, but many factors may influence whether foragers find and recruit to a given bait. These include the abundance and pa...

We evaluated the efficacy of the toxic (methomyl) baits with a sex pheromone, (Z)-9-tricosene, in controlling adults of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.). The poison bait was distributed on the carton Tables “Zwalcza muchy” in a form of color pattern and prints. Each table contained a shelf to col...

Many synanthropic species of insects occur in households and other domestic situations. Some of these pests are very well known to inhabitants, e.g. ants, silverfish or cockroaches. While small insects, such as psocids, are often overlooked. Synanthropic species of psocids (especially from the gener...

Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis, are significant pests associated with man and his environment. Chemical sprays are not ideal control methods if they cause the ants to disperse. There is a preference for bait treatments that provide a means to use ant biology to transfer slow-acting compounds int...

The distance and speed that workers of Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), dispersed food was determined by feeding colonies sucrose + red dye. The maximum distances that the dye was dispersed was 33, 48, and 54 m at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. The addition of 0.001% and 0.0001% fipron...

Some strains of the hyphomycete fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, are highly virulent for various species of Australian termites. One of these, FI-610, has been selected for control of Coptotermes spp. and Nasutitermes exitiosus, and shown to kill mound and tree nests when sufficient dry conidia are a...

Efficient control and eradication of Pharaoh’s ant is a difficult task for PCOs mostly due to the fact that several queens live in a nest, all of which can not be killed with traditional methods. PROTECT B Pharaoh’s ant killer bait is a special ready-to-use formulation that contains an insect growth...

An experimental 2.15% imidacloprid-based gel bait containing »44% water was evaluated in laboratory and field studies against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). In continuous exposure tests, toxicity and presumably bait consumption varied with cockroach stage, deprivation of competitive...

The application of conventional insecticides within the confines of a secure establishment in a safe manner can cause many logistical and managerial problems. Therefore, alternative methods of insecticide applications have to be sought. The advent of insecticidal gels with varying modes of action gi...

Systematic Termite ControlSM (STC) is a program developed by FMC Corporation to provide the professional pest control industry with a new, integrated strategy for the control of subterranean termite populations. The objective of STC is structural protectio,n, i.e., to control termite activity within...

Carpenter ants feed on both liquid and solid food. Baiting for carpenter ants has proceeded using both of these media to introduce toxicants into the colony for control. Ingestion of food particles larger than 100 microns is effectively curtailed by the specializations of the epipharynx, hypopharynx...

Pharaoh’s ants, Monomorium pharaonis, are one of the more difficult indoor pest ants to control. We studied if routine exterior monitoring and initiating baiting when infestations are incipient, will prevent infestations inside a building. The study was conducted at a 7,841 m2 two-level building wit...

Many historical sites in Italy suffer severe damages to wood structures, works of art and ancient books due to well established subterranean termite populations (Reticulitermes sp., R. lucifugus lucifugus, R. lucifugus corsicus). In six field tests, termite colonies were treated with a baiting proce...

Ants and subterranean termites are economically important insect pests in the urban environment. Managing populations of these pests through bait-toxicant control tactics is a viable option that requires a thorough understanding of their biology. The terminology used in describing a bait-toxicant co...

Control of cockroach populations in urban environments is now very often performed with insecticides presented in food bait formulations. To be efficient, food baits must attract pests so that contact is made with the active substance and/or that it is ingested. Food baits may be less efficient for ...

House flies Musca domestica (L.) are a nuisance to humans and animals and are potential vectors of pathogens. One of the methods to control flies is using attractive odours to lure them to a trap (Cossé and Baker, 1996). However, existing commercially available baits showed variable results (Browne,...

Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) continues to be the number one urban pest in the arid southwest (USA). Demand by pest control operators and consumers regarding information on termiticides and bait technology remains high. The primary control mechanism continues to be liquid barriers, but bait technolog...

The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate the risk of secondary poisoning in dogs after ingestion of rats poisoned by coumatetralyl (Racumin®), a multiple dose rodenticide, in the laboratory, and (b) to demonstrate the suitability of a Racumin bait for rat control in dogs’ boarding kennels by fi...

Secondary mortality occurs when foragers (e.g., adult males and females) feed on or contact an insecticide, return to the aggregation, and translocate the insecticide to the shelter and its vicinity. Relatively more sedentary stages of the population then contact or eat the translocated insecticide ...

Recruit* AG is the above-ground baiting element of the Sentricon® Termite Colony Elimination System which is used to protect structures from termite infestation and damage. It is designed to be placed directly over active structural infestations of subterranean termites. Experience has shown that mu...

The past few years have seen an unprecedented interest in indoor air quality, driven in part by unexplained increases in asthma throughout the world. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, allergic rhinitis affects more than 40 million people yearly in the US, resultin...

Swine production is an important component of North Carolina’s agricultural economy. Cockroaches have long been recognized as important pests in swine production and severe infestations may contribute significantly to disease maintenance and transmission. However, management of cockroach populations...

The regular and effective control of some synanthropic crawling insects as cockroaches and ants is unavoidable but due to the requirements of human health and environment protection, their elimination needs new concepts and methods. Cockroaches, first of all the German cockroach Blattella germanica ...

The toxic effects, diagnosis and post-mortem picture of anticoagulant rodenticides were tested in Rattus norvegicus according to OEPP/EEPO No 13, series 10, 1982 method. Experimental animals were fed by a single dose (30 mg/animal) of tested rodenticides. Warfarin in concentrations 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg...

Prevention of termite attack is preferable to remedial control. This can be accomplished through good architectural design, use of termite-resistant building materials, installation of physical or chemical barriers to prevent subterranean termite penetration, and possibly also installation of termit...

Controlling Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) can be extremely difficult and lengthy since the ants’ appearance inside a building may vary by day and the location. There are no long lasting ant trails like in other species and even the preference for food may vary within the day (carbohydrates, fruit jui...

A dust containing 80% triflumuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, was tested for its efficacy in eradicating colonies of subterranean termites (Coptotermes spp.) in the Sydney-Newcastle area, Australia. Triflumuron is believed to act on a termite colony in the following way: first the queen stops lay...

Twenty three strains of field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) collected from hotels and restaurants from various localities in peninsular Malaysia were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used insecticides (propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirim...

In 1971-72 a large-scale, city-wide campain against Norway rat was carried out by Bábolna Bio in Budapest. The rat infestation rate of premises fell to an average level below 0.5%. Subsequently a complex maintenance program was undertaken. This comprised preventive and curative measures based on dat...

Though much is known about cockroach baiting systems, that knowledge is highly compart-mentalised, reducing its utility. We advocate an integrated approach to the study of cockroach baiting, which focuses on the interactions among various food components, and readily integrates across behavioural, p...

The development of infestations of Musca domestica was evaluated in a factory for the treatment of urban solid undifferentiated waste over a period of one year and control strategies were implemented. The waste treatment produces a compost used for the improvement of agricultural soil. The factory, ...

Preliminary studies in experimental structures at Agricultural Research Service in Gainesville resulted in the development of a rabbit-anti-cockroach polyclonal ELISA inhibition system for assessing spatial distribution of cockroach antigens for subsequent mitigation interventions. The system was te...

This review concerns aspects of climatic and microclimatic effects on biology and pest status of synanthropic pest species. The number of medical and synanthropic pest species in an area parallels overall species richness and the pest faunas of tropics and subtropics are more abundant than the fauna...

CDC traps are employed as an efficient tool in monitoring mosquito population changes, evaluation of climatic and human made changes on species abundance and composition as well as for estimation of success of control programs. Despite the great advantage in labor saving and sampling the species whi...

The applied objectives for bait-toxicant against subterranean termites are at minimum the suppression of foraging activity and ideally the elimination of the entire colony population. Subterranean termite colonies containing hundreds of thousands to millions of individuals may forage up to I50 m in ...

Several issues were addressed which were thought to impact the performance of cockroach baits. These included responses to bait matrices such as speed-of-action, indirect toxicant uptake, physiological and behavioral resistance, and associative learning. Bait application approaches were also conside...

Inter-strain variation of German cockroaches in response to several commercial baits and their potential to develop resistance to the baits was investigated. Late instars were given a choice between the bait and an alternate food source (dog chow). Survivors were saved and choice tests repeated. Tes...

Bait toxicants were evaluated against Formosan subterranean termites infesting 61 river-bound trees in Lake Charles, Louisiana. This afforded a natural setting from which termite colonies could not escape and bait efficacy could not be misinterpreted by colony movement away from the study site. Of 1...

Containerised insecticide bait products offer considerable advantages for control of urban crawling insect pests. However the differences in insecticide susceptibility and food preference between some pest species have resulted in a diversity of commercial bait products, each targeted at specific in...

The utility of pheromone enhanced ant baits was investigated using fire ants as the model organism. The enhanced bait consisted of hydramethylnon (active ingredient), soybean oil (phagostimulant and Ai solvent), defatted corn grit (carrier), and 'invictolide', a component of the fire ant queen recog...

A new type of bait has been developed, aimed at control of pest insects, and tested successfully on the model insect Blattella germanica (L.) - the German cockroach. The active ingredient, termed a nutritional metabolism disrupter (NMD), is a non-toxic composition of the compounds oxypurinol and xan...

Aspects of the feeding preferences and behavior patterns of cockroaches, and the influence of environmental factors such as the delivery system may contribute to the efficacy of toxic baits for cockroach control. The research objectives were to evaluate the influence of bait stations on the feeding ...

The Coastal Brown Ant (Pheidole megacephala) is a major introduced nuisance pest species in the most populated regions of Australia. The aim of this trial was to examine the potential of imidacloprid and triflumuron as active ingredients for ant baits. Baits based on peanut butter and the nitromethy...

In the early spring Lasius niger may be a nuisance indoors. These ants often originate from nests right next to the foundation, below the house or sometimes even directly under the floor. The ants raise the humidity, which may result in severe damage to the woodwork, due to rot. The same applies to ...

In a field population (RHA, Roanoke VA, USA) of Blattella germanica a decline in the efficacy of hydramethlynon has been documented for eight years. In 1987 >85% reduction of apartment infestations was achieved 4 wk after application, in 1990 reduction declined to 73%, and in 1995 reduction declined...

Four simulated domestic environments were each infested with mixed populations (3,300 insects) of German cockroaches (Blattella germanica). The simulated domestic environments (containers) were maintained at 25°C and 45% r.h. and cockroaches were fed and watered ad lib. After an acclimation period o...

Impact of carpenter ant infestations in structures ranges from nuisance pests to seriously damaging pests if structural timbers are attacked. Carpenter ants excavate wood to form galleries for their brood and tunnels for foragers. A mature colony consists of a parent or main colony with the queen, w...

Patented Film Forming Aqueous Spray Technology or 'FFAST' has been used to develop AquaPy, a water based product containing synergised pyrethrins for use in the control of public health and hygiene pests. This product is highly flexible and can be applied undiluted through Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spr...

Cockroaches settling down in various sanitary trade institutions, industrial establishments as well as in residential buildings may spread potential infectious diseases and allergy or - through their disgust provoking effect - may disturb people living or working there. As a consequence, regular con...

Determining termiticide performance has, historically, been conducted by assessing attack of wooden boards placed over treated soil. This method was developed by the USDA-FS Gulfport laboratory, and is referred to as the ground-board test. A modification of this involves pouring concrete over the tr...

Chronic, unacceptable, insecticide resistant German cockroach (Elartella germanica) populations exist in some of the U.S. Army's food service facilities We have conducted field trials using heat to control German cockroaches in food service facilities. The process used involved: caulking holes in wa...

Commercial bait products are becoming increasingly important for household and industrial pest control. The advantages of baits are widely acknowledged and include convenience and ease of use, discrete placement of the insecticide, reduced environmental contamination and minimal disruption to the cu...

Commercial formulations of avermectin based baits were evaluated in laboratory and field studies against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). In continuous exposure tests with adult males, LT50s ranged from ca. 2.5 to >200d for Roach Ender and an experimental aerosol gel formulation, r...

A new class of chemistry, the fluorosulfonates, is being developed for the control of structural pests such as ants and termites. The novel bait chemistry has been found to be effective over a wide range of dose dependent concentrations over most structural pests. A brief review of the data is prese...

During the first two days of laboratory trials, catches on sticky traps (Ekolex-V) of the German cockroach (Blarrella germmica) were higher than those of subsequent days. In the case of sexed groups of adults, catches of the first and second days ranged from 14.2 to 28.3%. Consecutive daily catches ...

Small groups of nymphs and adults, or of 5th and 6th instar nymphs of the Oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis, were exposed to hydramethylnon baits Maxforce) for periods of time ranging from 1 to 14 days. These insects were also given access to standard laboratory cockroach food as an alternative t...

No choice feeding tests, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) weekly survival and feeding on two bait toxicants was compared for sound sweetgum blocks and those decayed by Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. At 100 ppm, imidacloprid and sulfluramid showed promise for subterranean termite control. ...

German cockroaches (Blattella germanica (L.)) are known to be susceptible to infection by the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapaue (Weiser) (Koehler el. al., 1992). Nematodes placed on moist filter paper in petri dishes (50 nematodes per cm2) killed all adult cockroaches after 3 days o...

Large modem poultry houses in Japan often experience serious fly problems. The house fly, Musca domestica and the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis are common in poultry houses from spring through fall. The house fly can be controlled effectively using chitin inhibitors but a resistance problem h...

Soil termiticide treatments provide a bamer to exclude soil-borne termites from structures. The vast populations of subterranean termites are generally unaffected by the termiticide application. In the future, monitoring, exclusion (physical or chemical bamers), and population suppression devices (b...

Several types of Culigel@ superabsorbent polymers were evaluated as matrices for the controlled release and/or encapsulation of insect growth regulators, bacteria, or organophosphates for long-term control of immature mosquitoes or adult and immature cockroaches. Bioassays against mosquito larvae wi...

German cockroach (Blattella germanica) control treatment history has rarely been accompanied by resistance monitoring in the field. Consequently, while cockroach 'resistance', receives much publicity, it is a fact that, to date, only a handful of complaints that are due to pyrethroid resistance, hav...