Insecticide Resistance And Resistance Mechanisms In Cimex Hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) And Their Susceptibility To Pyrethroid-Neonicotinoid Mixtures

The DDT, deltamethrin, and malathion susceptibilities of five tropical bed bug (Cimex hemipterus) strains, and their resistance mechanisms were investigated using synergism studies and detection of kdr mutations. All C. hemipterus strains showed high resistance to DDT and deltamethrin and moderate to high resistance to malathion. Synergism studies revealed that P450s conferred resistance to DDT and deltamethrin, while esterases conferred resistance to malathion. Molecular detections revealed three kdr mutations M918I, D953G, and L1014F with M918I + L1014F mutations possibly conferring super-kdr characteristics in C. hemipterus. The performance of two pyrethroid-neonicotinoid mixtures (Temprid SC and Tandem) treated
on glass and filter paper also was evaluated. All strains displayed low to very high resistance to Temprid SC. In comparison, all strains displayed low resistance to Tandem. Temprid SC and Tandem residues on glass provided significantly faster knockdown and higher mortality than filter paper.