ICUP Proceedings Search

The first step in every integrated pest management strategy is to inspect and identify the target pest. Most people distinguish between ants, cockroaches, mosquitoes and other pests, but lack a basic knowledge of their characteristics. It happens a lot that people are bitten or stung in their homes ...

New technologies have the potential to transform Pest Control Operator techniques and to reduce environmental impact through a green revolution. Internet of Things (IoT)-based application development platforms have the potential to run Autonomous management tools capable of monitoring real-time even...

Rodentia is the biggest family in the order of Mammalia, with over 40% of the species. The populations of a relatively few species that live in close association with humans sometimes cause economic damage or become threats to the health of humans or domestic animals. A few species of rodents are st...

One of the biggest issues which can be found in livestock farms is related to the massive presence of infesting Diptera that causes health problems, disorder and performance loss. Knowing the flies behavior and their biological cycle is fundamental in order to be able to contrast them. Musca domesti...

For more than 20 years various invasive ant species cause tremendous problems in Central Europe. The Tapinoma nigerrimum complex (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) was first detected in 2007 in nursery plants. Further discoveries followed in the following years. Because of their species-specific propertie...

Sustainability is the survival goal of humanity and IPM focuses on meeting our present day needs, without compromising the ability of Future generations to meet their needs. In our modern times of technological advancements and innovations has also seen resurgence of pest infestations that are havin...

During the summer of 2018 Madrid City Council received an unusual number of complaints related with insect bites near the Manzanares river. Consequently, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid performed a series of inspections at different points of the river. Which resulted in the verificat...

During the summer of 2018 Madrid City Council received an unusual number of complaints related with insect bites near the Manzanares river. Consequently, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid performed a series of inspections at different points of the river. Which resulted in the verificat...

There are different ways of controlling rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This best practice guide focuses on the animal welfare aspect of the various methods and the integrated approach necessary to achieve animal-fri...

Two new technologies (spray with a pheromone adjuvant + biodegradable hydrogel bait delivery method) were used to develop a unique IPM protocol for Argentine ant at urban structural settings. The IPM protocol included a one-time perimeter treatment with 0.03% fipronil (mixed with a pheromone adjuvan...

Dominant approaches to the management of urban rats have focused on identifying and treating infestations at the level of an individual building or parcel of land. Even the most up to date Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches do not often account for the spatial scale and dynamics of rat popu...

This study reviews the bed bug management programme in place across a sample of >500 hotels in the United Kingdom, just prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. In these hotels, regular bed bug detection was carried out by housekeepers, while a professional canine bed bug detection team was used to inspec...

The Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrihorax) has been spreading across all the coastal northern regions of the Iberian Peninsula, since it was firstly spotted in Amaiur (Navarra) in August 2010. This invasive species has also penetrated across inland territories. Colonizing not only forests and rura...

This study aimed to assess the records and experience of Integrated Pest Control and Management Companies in Colombia and Spain to contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of bed bug infestations in both countries. To accomplish this objective, a confidential 27-question questionnaire, designed u...

Resistance to insecticides is one of the multiple factors related to sudden bed bug reemergence. In this work, we evaluated synthetic repellents and the attractant role of cuticular compounds as potential alternatives to conventional strategies used in pest control management. On the one hand, we fo...

Pest control activity has evolved paradigmatically in recent years, as well as quality systems development. Our proposal is to collaborate directly with food safety, food loss reduction, equipment repair costs and even with the care of Environmental Health due to the presence of Insects Vectors of d...

A rodent infestation in a food manufacturing, distribution or retail facility threatens both the integrity and safety of the food supply. The consequences of a rodent infestation in food manufacturing facilities can include failing audits, regulatory fines, product recalls and - in extreme cases - p...

Rodents are considered one of the animal pests with the greatest impact on agricultural production and public health. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), used as one of the most effective ways to control rodent populations worldwide. ARs inhibit the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKORC1) enzyme caus...

Qcide is a natural plant extract from a chemotype of Eucalyptus cloeziana that is being developed as an insecticide for a number of applications including control of flying insect pests. The primary active compound tasmanone, is a member of the beta-triketone class of compounds that occur in a numbe...

Stored product pests are not typically called urban pests, however because of urbanisation and the concentration in towns and cities of the population world-wide, silos and other types of grain warehouses and mills are also nearer to cities or are even built right into the cities. One of the greates...

In April 2018, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid received a communication from a pest control company about an Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae) infestation in a building. After an initial inspection of the affected area, the presence of two foci was detected and entomolog...

Flies control is still a complex problem in many systems but particularly in animal husbandry. An unstructured approach remains towards them in the various affected activities, which still too often are activated only in the face of an emergency. Even in modern farms, IPM for flies is not considered...

Urban Pest Management Programs demand spatial information. Madrid City Council has been incorporating Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the last three decades. As a result, Health Madrid’s Vector Control Department (DCV) has improved urban pest management notably. Systematic rat control wit...

In Switzerland Tapinoma magnum, an invasive ant species in northern and central Europe, was first observed in the canton of Vaud in 2012 and 2018 found in the cantons of Geneva and Zurich. In the spring of 2019, the Urban Pest Advisory Service collected ants from the front yard of a residential esta...

Pest identification and monitoring are essential components in an IPM program. In industrial food manufacturing facilities, pest management professionals monitor insect numbers with glue traps using UV- attraction or sex pheromone. Each trap will be collected and closely examined to identify and cou...

Spiders which arrive with fruits from other continents are a challenge for pest management and for super markets in Central Europe. A survey is presented on spiders which were sent to the author for identification beginning 2012 through to 2019. All specimens arrived from supermarkets. 37 specimens ...

Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is a significant challenge affecting pest management professionals worldwide. The use of gel baits against German cockroaches has become a popular option in Asia. However, recently, there were anecdotal reports that the field ...

The Pest Odyssey group consists of professionals from the cultural heritage sector with a wide experience of IPM, a personal interest and demonstrated dedication to the program and its applications. We effectively represent the cultural sector and members are from a wide group which includes; Nation...

Urban pest management in Spain, which involves prevention and control, corresponds to the municipalities. The data, key elements and conclusions of a continuous analysis of 10 years of the Madrid Municipality pest control program against sewer system cockroaches (Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta am...

In 2004 the highly-successful Associate Certified Entomologist (ACE) program was developed by the Entomological Society of America (ESA) Certification Corporation (ESACC) as a means of providing a professional credentialing pathway for pest management professionals (PMP) who may not have the formal ...

In this paper the biological control of biscuit beetle (Stegobium paniceum) and spider beetle (Gibbium psylloides) found in different museums, historic buildings and a monastery library in Austria is described. Six case studies are presented where the insect pest monitoring with sticky blunder traps...

Flavocide® is based on a beta-triketone molecule, flavesone, that is produced by synthetic chemical means. Flavesone exists in nature in a number of plant species but at low abundance. Initial testing suggests a unique mode of action with potential in addressing the increasing problem of resistance ...

Initially infestations of houses by Cimex lectularius were sporadically detected in the middle of the previous decade and increased over the past years. Data obtained by the Environmental Health Department have shown events increase by 1000% in the past five years for the whole city. Among the 21 Ci...

Insecticide resistance can be defined as, a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. There have been large gains in t...

The Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB Catalan acronym) is in charge of the surveillance and control of pests, such as cockroaches, in public areas and sewage system of the City. As in other Mediterranean cities, Periplaneta americana has colonized the sewage system of Barcelona in last years, ...

The collection and identification of flying insects associated with a number of UK hospitals was undertaken, in order to classify and enumerate the insects found and establish their seasonality and location in such premises, therefore informing pest control measures. A total of 19,937 individual ins...

Pigeon control actions in big cities are usually necessary to maintain the populations in such densities that do not generate conflicts with the human inhabitants. Pigeon control has traditionally been undertaken by culling. However, several papers have shown that this method might not be effective ...

Under increase of pressure on nature, many organisms have adapted to a new environment and began an active attack on new ecosystems. Urbanized communities are part of the biosphere and live according to the fundamental laws of ecology. Urban green plantations having both alive and dead phytomass are...

In the small village of Röns (Austria) three families were confronted with a long lasting major mass occurrence of the snake millipede Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood). Chemical, biological and physical methods were tested to force back those invaders and to protect the affected people. A three-...

Cereal grains are the major source of food for humans and most domesticated animals. In many developing countries, overall post harvest losses of cereals of between 10–15% are fairly common. The grain weevil, Sitophilus granaries is a pest of wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice and corn. Grain weevils ca...

Having started working exclusively with bed bug infestations in 2005 and taking a unique science and fact lead approach to extermination we have always used the data produced in our work to refine the methods we use and to develop better processes. Initially focused on educational and raising unders...

Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito in the United States and also a competent vector for many viruses. As an aggressive human biter, this mosquitoes is often the primary pest species eliciting complaints from the public in areas where they occur. This mosquito will readily utilize artificial co...

In the United Kingdom (UK), legislation is sometimes used to prevent pest problems or to facilitate pest management. However in recent years, the two pieces of legislation that have had the most significant impact on common housefly, Musca domestica, infestations across the UK, were not intended to ...

Pigeons (Columba livia) are considered a major pest problem around the world. Management tools such as netting, spikes, gels and other approaches such as flying predatory birds can help, but these often move the problem elsewhere. Ovistop® containing nicarbazin can reduce pigeon numbers through cont...

The UK Rodenticide Stewardship Regime has been implemented to promote the nation-wide adoption of best practice in rodent pest management, in particular the use of the second-generation anticoagulants (SGARs) by professionals. The main objective of the regime is to minimize exposure of non-target wi...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) is an important urban insect pest world-wide. Heavy reliance and frequent usage of residual insecticides have led to the development of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach. Bait formulations containing fipronil and indoxacarb are excellent re...

The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate bed bug detection systems in low-income, high-rise housing for the elderly and disabled. In a previous study, one, two or four ClimbUp Insect Interceptors BG or the BlackOut BedBug Detectors placed per apartment resulted in 80% to 90% bed bug...

The National Pest Advisory Panel of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) in the UK was established in 2001 to advise the CIEH on pest control policy. It developed a pest survey to understand the way in which pest management services within local authorities were operationalised and...

Whilst the reports of insecticide resistance are numerous, and many mechanisms of resistance have been studied, there has been less emphasis placed on developing and promoting Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) programmes to address this issue. It is argued that only through the implementation ...

The Confederation of European Pest Management Associations (CEPA) and its members are sponsoring the development of a European standard for the pest management industry. This would be in collaboration with the European Standards Institute and the National Standards Institutes of the 28 member states...

The International Conference of Urban Pests (ICUP) is a link between academic and industry researchers, regulatory officials, government agency leaders, manufacturer representatives and students and presents the latest results in research and development in the field of urban pest control for the pa...

Global warming together with global trade and tourism gives foreign organisms a lot of opportunities to enter Europe and to find suitable habitats to establish. Many of these species already have a status as pests in their native countries and now start to be of major concern in Europe. A survey is ...

This study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of educational programs on individual knowledge of occupants and sanitation rate. The study’s locations comprised three buildings in the South West of Iran. The educational program was initiated by putting up posters, handing out pamphlets, face to ...

Madrid City Council has always used maps for this purpose and in the last decade has taken a further step incorporating Geographical Information Technologies (GIS). As a result urban pest control has improved notably and integrated pest management principals have been straightforwardly accomplished....

Workshops on ant identification have been offered in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia to pest management professionals since 1996 during with winter season. Number of workshops varies from 3 to 7 each year. Classes are nearly always filled to a capacity of 24 for each four-hour session. Each...

Cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide that belongs to the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides. The novel mode of action of cyantraniliprole depletes calcium from insect muscle, affecting muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventually death. We report the results of testing of two formu...

Health Madrid as the municipal health administration of the City Council of Madrid (Environmental Health) manages pest prevention and control operations. Feral pigeons have increased during the last decades as one of the most frequent pest problems in Madrid City. The pest control sector, as almost ...

Ekomille trap is an electromechanical and ecological system for the capture of mice and rats. The trap is baited with natural foods without any type of toxic bait and it is able to capture over 80 rodents. In the present work are reported results of field trials carried out to evaluate the Ekomille ...

The Invasive Garden Ant, Lasius neglectus, was first recognised in Europe in 1990, and has now been recorded from at least ten European countries. It was first found in the UK in 2009 in Hidcote Manor Garden, Gloucestershire, UK, where the ant is believed to have been present for several decades. A ...

Contrary to recent news reports, the United States continues to be inundated with bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.). Based on a nationwide survey of pest professionals, infestations still are increasing. While most pervasive in residences, the bugs are becoming more common in schools, offices, public ...

In 2012, a proactive bed bug suppression program was implemented in a low-income housing facility and evaluated over the course of one year. The mean treatment time and application cost were calculated for each unit. In 2013, both the number of initial infestations and the costs associated with bed ...

Entomopathogens have been used in many agricultural and veterinary programs of pest control. Studies with fungi have shown great potential for control of urban pests, such as cockroaches, but there are few studies on the subject. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of en...

The bed bugs comeback as a pest has revitalized research on several aspects of its biology to improve management. Temperature can be manipulated to control bedbugs, but has so far been focused on temperature extremes with mortal outcome. The present study focuses on exposure of bedbugs to temperatur...

As part of a study investigating experimental insecticide formulations for control of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in outdoor locations, the imidacloprid-based product Premise 2 (Bayer Environmental Science) was used as a commercial standard. During the study, Premise 2 provided the mo...

Insecticide resistance in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus F.) is a major factor in the pest’s resurgence. Various studies have demonstrated resistance to the pyrethroids, carbamates and the organophosphates. Resistance has been suspected in Australia, with anecdotal reports of poor ...

In November 2000, Water UK (a representative organisation which brings together all the water and waste water utilities) and the Local Government Association (A national voice for local government in the UK), published the National Sewer Baiting Protocol which listed a number of principles that Wate...

The National Pest Advisory Panel (NPAP) was established in 2001 to advise the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) on pest control policy. As part of its work, the NPAP sent a detailed survey to all Local Authorities (LAs) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 2002 and 2009 about t...

The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai (Mizukubo) was first described in 1981 from Okinawa, Japan (Mizukubo, 1981), and introduced into the state of Florida, USA in 1986. By 2007 B. asahinai was established in the states of Alabama, Georgia and Texas, USA. B. asahinai is a peridomestic pest which b...

The concept of “Risk Zones” to evaluate and set priorities for preventing damage to collections across the whole museum has been used as a very useful tool by a number of major museums in London. Pest monitoring using sticky traps is well organised and documented, and many organisations in the UK us...

Health services are colonized by urban pests, being generally an integral part of urban infrastructure, especially considering the neotropical climate that is warm and wet. Therefore, pest control is widely quoted in our legislation and hospitals should be free of pests. In practice, it is observed ...

Global warming together with global trade and tourism gives foreign organisms a lot of opportunities to enter Europe and to find suitable habitats to establish. A number of these species already have a status as pests in their native countries and now start to be of major concern in Europe. A growin...

This is a summary of the operating system for pests management in the L’Aquila area during the seven months following the earthquake (06/04/2009 - 31/10/2009). The management system involved both purely technical aspects (equipment, pest control products, field operations, etc) and the more human as...

Churches, museums, libraries and other cultural institutions often suffer from wood-boring insect attack, causing severe damage and losses to their property and collections. Frequently, these infestations are caused by either termites or the larvae of tiny wood-boring beetles. Most recently, there h...

Traditionally food safety involving pest control in commercial food establishments in North America has been the responsibility of each food manufacturer or retail establishment and then subject to any audit or inspection by regulatory agencies. Third party food safety auditors also played an active...

This talk focuses on legal approaches on urban pest control products and on their use. In Brazil, among several standards on the subject, there are specific regulations particularly like: - Resolution RDC 52/09, available on the functioning of companies specialising in the provision of service contr...

Spiders are an important part of ecosystems due to their feeding habits which involve predation, especially of insects. This group of arthropods currently includes over 40 thousand described species present on all continents except for Antarctica. They forage in diverse ecotopes and some are resista...

Education has been enrolled as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, but in fact it should be more than that. Urban pests are so intrinsically related to human life and habits that we can always find where, when and how people (or costumers) can act helping to change urban pest p...

Baits (station, granule, gel and liquid) are widely used in the control of ant pests because of their effectiveness, ease of application, and their reduced risk to people, pets and the environment. Among the types of baits, gel baits are the most popular bait type for ant control. However, after app...

Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder 1924) belongs to the group of subterranean termites, it is regarded as an important pest in passion fruit and corn crops in Venezuela and Colombia, it has also been found in Citrus orchards at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In urban zones it had only been report...

Periplaneta americana is broadly accepted as the major insect pest in the sewage systems of Spain. The environmental conditions of our country, especially in eastern and southern regions, let the populations of this insect develop to enormous numbers with the risk to become a sanitary problem. Commo...

One thousand four hundred seventy-seven botanical specimens represented by urban trees and palm trees, found in gardens, public squares and streets in the area of Cidade Jardim, a district in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated from 2004 to 2008. The aim was to determine which species of carpenter ant...

Subterranean termites are widely known by their substantial damage in urban areas. Coptotermes gestroi is an alien species originated from Asia, introduced accidently in Brazil, where is responsible for severe economical impact. To reduce the use of insecticides in the termite management, some resea...

Blattella germanica is one of the most important urban pests in households, restaurants, storehouses, hospitals, supermarkets and food industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate lambdacyhalothrin residual (dose of 2,5mL/L water- Demand 10 CS) on surfaces of tiles, polished green slates and cem...

The bed bug has had a longstanding relationship with low-income high-density housing. Proximity of dwellings, re-use of furniture, and control options limited by affordability, have all contributed to the continuation of this pest in such areas. The recent resurgence and spread of this pest may be a...

Manufacturers that discover and develop active ingredients for the urban pest management market are generally agricultural chemicals companies. As the agricultural chemical industry has expanded into seeds and biotechnology, existing challenges in funding urban pest management research and developme...

Modern agriculture, field management and control for urban pests distribution needs regular monitoring. The cheapest method of monitoring is biological one. The most effective variant of biomonitoring is phenogenetic one. The question within which limits of accuracy it is possible to estimate the fu...

Gel baits are easy to incorporate in pest management programs because they present properties like low toxicity, less environmental risk than sprays, easy handling and proved effectivity. Active ingredients, Fipronil and Imidacloprid, act through ingestion and contact as neurotoxics. Fipronil, a phe...

The bed bug Cimex lectularius L. is blood-feeding parasite of humans, bats and different domestic animals. In the early 1990s, pest management professionals began to see an increase in beg bug infestations across the world. Now the bed bug problem is very important in many countries, however, in Rus...

The tropical and subtropical super colony tramp ant, Nylanderia pubens, the Caribbean crazy ant (CCA), was originally described from the Greater Antilles Islands and now has spread throughout the Caribbean and South America. In 1950, CCA was first reported in Florida and now is spread throughout the...

Detection and control of bed bugs can be challenging and alternative control methods are needed. Among new bed bug management techniques localized heat treatments, use of volatile insecticides and heat combination, and new detecting techniques using electronic sensors. However, management of bed bug...

The integrated pest management (IPM) concept to reduce Loxosceles intermedia populations in homes may rely upon many strategies. In this work, a range of new approaches have been studied with the aim of controlling these brown spiders, which include observing and evaluating the following: the effect...

Every introduction of new technology including Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Germany and Europe competes with ancient proven structures, part wise older than the United States. Innovation requires mindful appreciation for the unique mentality and for the positive aspects of existing pathways. ...

Providing pest control services to modern Medical and Ancillary Care Facilities requires using the latest integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. All aspects of integrated pest management, including pest identification, monitoring, and inspection must be included din the pest control program de...

There has been a movement away from relying solely on pesticides to solve indoor pest problems in response to public concerns over pesticide use, pesticide resistance, and the possibility that pesticide applications may contaminate the environment. Pesticides regardless of rating as highly toxic or ...

When the fathers of public health were establishing the environmental health industry in the 19th century, there were five main problems facing them: poor housing conditions; inadequate pest control; a lack of proper drainage; polluted air quality; and an unwholesome supply of water. Today we have p...

ncreased global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres have created special challenges for the pest management service industry: meeting customer needs while remaining economically competitive. While automated ...

In 1999, the Master Pest Control Technician (MPCT) course was created at Clemson University, (USA: Clemson, South Carolina 29634) to provide training for general pest control technicians. The course was designed to provide detailed, practical instruction about household and structural pest control i...

German cockroach is the most common pest of urban, low-income housing and is associated with high pesticide use by residents. Cockroach allergen is implicated in asthma exacerbation and initiation and in the growing social and medical aspects of the disease. A safe and secure home environment is an ...

Economically and environmentally sustainable pest management requires an integrated approach. Pesticides are one of many tools used in IPM. Majority of non-agriculture and structural pest management focuses on pesticide applications for right of way, turf and landscape, rangelands and indoors. Pesti...

Initially designed and developed as a cartography tool for urban planning and management, Geographical Information (G.I.S.) Technologies can be a very powerful way for prediction, prevention, and pest control operations. Health-Madrid works on corporative GIS system as a way to manage pest control o...

Chronic cockroach infestations, high cockroach allergen levels, and repeated insecticide use is a serious health concern among low-income residents living in multi-family housing. Surveys in 358 randomly selected apartments in Gary, Indiana in 2006 revealed that 30% of the apartments were infested w...

From 2001 to 2004, Australia experienced a resurgence in bed bug infestations involving both the common (Cimex lectularius) and Tropical (Cimex hemipterus) species. It was found that all Australian mainland states had experienced an exponential rise in bed bug infestations since 2001, with an overal...

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., has made a rapid and unexpected comeback in the United States. In an online survey of 509 U.S. pest control firms, 91% encountered bed bugs in the past two years, whereas only 37% recalled seeing them five years ago. Perpetual movement of people, zero tolerance for...

Outbreaks of mysterious skin lesions on multiple personnel at five military installations were initially blamed on spiders. Requests were made for pest inspection and control to remedy the situation. Pesticides were applied at four of the installations even though no medically important arthropods w...

The termite activity of fipronil (Termidor®) termiticide/insecticide was first discovered in 1997. Field research trials produced data showing that fipronil had effects on termites distant from the treated area. Following this discovery, several homes were treated as exterior perimeter only treatmen...

The growing concern of consumers about the use of traditional insecticides has increased need for development of safe, effective, and natural insecticides and repellents. Plant extracts containing essential oils have been used for centuries to kill and repel a variety of insect pests including cockr...

Surveys of mosquitoes were carried out in the area of Milan in 2006 and in 2007. Nineteen species were collected. The most important were: Culex pipiens, C. modestus and C. hortensis, two Ochlerotatus caspius and O. detritus and three Aedes vexans, A. geniculatus and A. cinereus. Stegomyia albopictu...

Records show that the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.), was common in the early years of the 20th century, but in developed countries declined steadily from the 1930s onwards, and remained at a relatively low level through the 1970’s – 1990’s. However, in developed countries, there were nonetheless s...

Dengue is transmitted to humans by day-biting mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Primary prevention of this debilitating disease is through vector (mosquito) control: spraying for adult mosquitoes and applying larvicides to standing water. This presentation provides an overvie...

The National Pest Advisory Panel (NPAP) of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) in the UK was established in 2001 to advise the CIEH on its pest control policy. As part of its work, a pest survey was developed to investigate the way in which pest management services within local au...

The number of organisms living within urban biocenosis increases. Assimilation of urban biocenosis by pests is a process of microevolution. It has limits. Qualitative limits are determined by the Vavilov law. Study of close species adaptation, we may predict adaptive potencies of all families. e.g, ...

Termites are considered to be urban pests in Japan, which has a long history of combating the two most economically important subterranean termites [Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki], since Japanese houses are made principally of wood. Approximately half of new home...

Bait aversion has recently resurfaced, approximately six to ten years after the first known case of bait aversion (glucose aversion) was corrected. Anecdotal reports from Pest Management Professionals have indicated poor acceptance and control failures on commercial cockroach gel baits since late 19...

An area-wide management project to control the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (FST), in the New Orleans French Quarter (FQ) began in1998. Initially, all properties within fifteen square blocks were treated with either commercially available non-repellent termiticides o...

The European Commission’s Biocidal Products Directive, Council Directive 98/8 EC (BPD), is the largest regulatory exercise ever to affect the urban pest control industry. Its impact is global because any company selling pest control products in the European Union must follow its principles. All acti...

The species of termites that have an impact on urban dwellings in Southeast Asia are reviewed. Termites of the genus Coptotermes are considered, by far, to have the greatest economic impact on urban dwellings. In Peninsular Malaysia, where the species of Coptotermes have been relatively well studied...

The regulatory process in the United States, as it pertains to termite management, is charged with the dual responsibilities of environmental stewardship and consumer protection. These two important roles can only be accomplished using sound scientific data as the foundation of the decision-making p...

The Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC), or BPD, is a recent piece of pan-European legislation that has been incorporated into the national law of each member state. It will regulate all biocidal products that are not covered by earlier legislation that deals with crop protection products (91/414/...

Carpenter ants are major structural pests in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavian countries. With the advent of non-repellent chemicals and more attractive baits, shifts have occurred in management strategies that include either perimeter sprays or baiting as the sole method for control. Four...

The management of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is critical to the economic well-being of the United States. Estimates of property damage, repairs, and control measures exceed U.S. $1 billion per year in the U.S., of which $500 million is incurred in Louisiana. In 1998, ...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is the most economically important structural pest in the New Orleans metro area, Louisiana, U.S.A.. In 1998, two significant projects were initiated to determine the effectiveness of area-wide subterranea...

Since first identified in the 1980’s, Lyme Disease has become the most widely diagnosed vector-borne disease in the United States. Lyme Disease occurs from the infection of human and animal hosts by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection of hosts results from the bite and completion of a succ...

A brief overview on the options for biological control of termites is presented. Many organisms have been identified as being able to kill termites. However, we do not know their real impact on field populations of termites. Research has focused on some entomopathogenic nematodes and the fungi Beauv...

Odorous house ant, Tapinoma sessile Say, is a pest ant with global distribution. The common name is derived from the emission of a substance with an odor similar to that of butyric acid. Polygynous colonies often associated with notably dynamic populations and multiple nesting sites make odorous hou...

The toxicity of granular ant bait formulations containing abamectin B1, orthoboric acid, or propoxur was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments against American, Periplaneta americana (L.), and German, Blattella germanica (L.), cockroaches. LT50 values for American cockroaches ranged from &...

The current study, in three methods, topical application, surface contact (WHO glass jar) method and toxic baits, was designed to investigate the relationship between permethrin German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) resistant strains and fipronil. Twelve German cockroach strains used in this s...

The introduction of termites into new areas is a potential threat given the magnitude of national and international commerce. We review a number of case studies that document exotic termites in the eastern U.S., with emphasis on two states, Ohio and Georgia. We discuss the value of employing a multi...

Metaflumizone (proposed common name) is a high performance insecticide submitted for crop registration approval in the USA in 2004. Other key country registration submissions are expected to follow the USA application.Toxicological and environmental studies indicate that there is low risk to applica...

Pest Management Professionals had the opportunity to use new chemistry of non-repellent active ingredients (termiticides) for subterranean termite control. These active ingredients provide control through reduction of termite populations. The pest control industry has asked if the newer non-repellen...

Pesticides and their use are regulated on both federal and state levels in the Unites States. A federal registration for a pesticide product must be obtained after the product has shown that it is safe to use according to the guidelines set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ...

Insecticide resistance in insects is a well-documented phenomenon that is equally related to toxicology and evolutionary biology. Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach has a long history dating back over 60 years. Thus, the recent evolution of gel bait aversion resistance is but one example...

The primary sources of pests that affect humans and invade their buildings are usually found in the surrounding landscapes. Pest management professionals and landscape managers need to be more aware of the sources of these pests and develop standard practices that reduce these sources. Of primary co...

Field trials involving seventy rural households from three villages in Mozambique were established to test whether intensive daily trapping inside household-level food stores could effectively reduce rodent pest populations. The main species caught inside dwellings where food was stored were Rattus ...

The purpose of this demonstration project was to evaluate the effectiveness of three integrated pest management (IPM) treatment plans in controlling structural and institutional pests in public schools. IPM strategies evaluated were: 1) exclusion, trapping, and sanitation, with no chemical inputs; 2...

An ongoing survey of termites in Ohio was initiated during spring 2001. The pest-management industry contributed substantially to termite-collecting efforts, which were coordinated by the Entomology Department, Ohio State University. This survey effort, including materials and procedures, is detaile...

The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, was introduced into the United States to serve as a biological control agent and has now become well established in Ohio. To determine the nature and distribution of the nuisance problem in Ohio, we conducted a statewide survey during the summer...

Commercially available termite-baiting systems were evaluated for efficacy in a management program for Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Termite-baiting systems evaluated include Sentricon® (Dow AgroSciences), with hexaflumuron, FirstLine® (FMC Corp.), and Terminate® (U...

Stinging insects are among the most frequent and persistent pest problems at schools, parks, and similar locations. Responses for control are usually reactive and involve pesticides. During the past two years, IPM specialists from the New York State Community IPM Program and Cornell Cooperative Exte...

The need to progressively improve structural and urban pest-management training for state regulatory officials, pest-management professionals, and extension educators has led to the development and implementation of a limited number of university-based training schools in the United States. In Oklah...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanusShiraki, is a serious pest in several parts of the world and is one of the most destructive insects in Louisiana, USA. A pilot test was begun in 1998 to determine the effectiveness of area-wide management on this insect and to reduce its densi...

Carpenter ants, Camponotusspp., are major structural pests as well as nuisance pests in northern areas of the United States, southern Canada, and northern Europe. Management tools have included cultural controls to modify habitats and foraging, dust applications to wall voids, perimeter sprays, bait...

Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), are a major urban pest species in many countries with Mediterranean and semi-tropical climates. L. humile primarily feeds on honeydew, nectar, and other liquid sweets. Baits consisting of sucrose solutions are highly preferred. Sucrose-based liquid solution...

From October 1997 through April 2000, the Occupational Safety and Health Branch located in the Division of Safety, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., initiated a pilot IPM program in research laboratories. The program was conducted to examine application of ...

For more than 2 years, Bayer Corporation has worked with researchers and industry professionals to develop imidacloprid ant baits. Ant bait development has involved the input of many groups including research, marketing, formulation development, regulatory, packaging, and manufacturing. Imidacloprid...

The impacts of exotic rodent species, particularly the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the ship rat (Rattus rattus), and the house mouse (Mus musculus) on economic, production, health, and conservation values are widely recognised around the world. Developing strategies for the effective management ...

Wood is a common structural material, used for building most homes and some commercial buildings in North America. This widespread use is due to wood’s desirable performance properties, abundance and cost effectiveness, ease of use, and favorable environmental attributes. However, wood can be degrad...

Three components are considered when developing a baiting system: active ingredient; matrix; and termite biology. Attention to variations in termite biology is often limited, so a one-fits-all approach is chosen in the design. Efficacy of a bait system developed for a locally occurring species may n...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is currently considered the most destructive insect in Louisiana. It attacks living trees eating the centers and constructing a carton nest within. Infested trees can serve as reservoirs for termites to in...

The premise of the discussion presented here is that some of the traditional components of agricultural integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs are either not applicable or not practical for the urban environment. The overall goal of this discussion is t...

The food industry is undergoing major changes following the introduction, by law, of HACCP. Many food companies are going along the road of having their HACCP system externally verified/accredited/certified and, more commonly, are seeking Hygiene Accreditation which includes such pre-requisites as p...

In 1994 evidence was obtained that insecticide resistance in head lice was spreading in the United Kingdom and other countries. The situation was not being managed correctly by the health authorities in UK for two reasons: primary health care workers adhered to rigid procedures regardless of the cha...

The long-term management of a population of Australian cockroaches, Periplaneta australasiae, causing serious damage to valuable plant species in a United Kingdom tropical plant house, was achieved using a juvenile hormone analogue. (S)-hydroprene was applied as a ULV cold mist every three or four m...

Swine production is an important component of North Carolina’s agricultural economy. Cockroaches have long been recognized as important pests in swine production and severe infestations may contribute significantly to disease maintenance and transmission. However, management of cockroach populations...

Urban entomology has grown dramatically in the last 25 years and has attained a disciplinary status within the entomological and pest management community. As urban centers have grown throughout the world, the importance of the control of arthropods and insects associated with humans and their struc...

The development of infestations of Musca domestica was evaluated in a factory for the treatment of urban solid undifferentiated waste over a period of one year and control strategies were implemented. The waste treatment produces a compost used for the improvement of agricultural soil. The factory, ...

The European Union has by Directive 93/43/EEC required that member states adopt the main principles of HACCP, (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points). HACCP is a total quality management system for food safety which if implemented fully would result in a minimal level of contamination of food. ...

Insecticide resistance problems have been recognised as an increasing problem in Europe as a consequence of both the accumulation of resistance mechanisms by some species and the greater diversity of arthropods becoming a pest problem. Arthropods of particular concern include public health and lives...

A survey of university entomology departments teaching urban and industrial pest management topics was conducted as was a survey of prominent and less prominent structural pest control companies. Universities were asked what topics they were teaching and the time devoted to each. Companies were aske...

Ants and subterranean termites are economically important insect pests in the urban environment. Managing populations of these pests through bait-toxicant control tactics is a viable option that requires a thorough understanding of their biology. The terminology used in describing a bait-toxicant co...

Mosquito-borne disease is an increasing concern in Australia. Endemic malaria has been eradicated but up to 1,000 infections are imported annually and local cases occur occasionally in the northeast, where local Dengue infections are reported annually and Japanese encephalitis virus has been introdu...

The pest control industry has historically been driven by the developments of new and better chemistry. Equipment needs of the industry have traditionally lagged behind the needs of the industry - leaving pest control companies to often invent and modify their own equipment. With the effectiveness o...

Systematic Termite ControlSM (STC) is a program developed by FMC Corporation to provide the professional pest control industry with a new, integrated strategy for the control of subterranean termite populations. The objective of STC is structural protectio,n, i.e., to control termite activity within...

A modified Ebeling choice box was designed to evaluate the repellency of moving ambient air to American, Periplaneta americana (L.), German, Blattella germanica (L.), and smokybrown, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), cockroaches using air velocities of 0 - 4.75 m/s. The modified choice box tested t...

Increasing concerns about the presence of storage mites in food, and their medical importance in domestic and occupational environments, have been addressed by the development at this laboratory of two new techniques. This poster outlines these techniques and presents examples of results obtained wh...

Cockroaches could represent one of the most important hygienic problems, since they can contaminate food with bacteria, transmit diseases and cause human allergies. For this reason, urban governments and food industries devote part of their balance to cover the cost of their control. One of the firs...

Demand CS® (lambda-cyhalothrin) has been designed specifically for use in urban pest management. The product is based on microencapsulation technology which encloses the liquid active ingredient in a polymer shell to provide protection against hostile environmental conditions. Electron microscopy an...

Pest Management is an important environmental health function and the eradication of chronic pest infestations must be considered a priority in contributing to effective public health. This is especially true in a hospital environment where, in addition to aesthetic objections, the presence of infes...

Five representative types of bakeries were surveyed in the city of Riyadh, K.S.A. to ascertain pest situations and various schemes on pest control management. The principal pests include stored product pests (e.g., Tribolium confusum Duval, Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Mus musculus and Rattus rattus...

Participation at approved training seminars incurs costs and limits work availability for urban pest control company owners, supervisors, and service technicians. However, the continued need for training to properly control pests, and to acquire or renew a license forces pest control operators to co...

The rapid breakdown of the Soviet Union into many independent, mostly ethnic states, heralded a new historical era with tremendous political, social and economic anomalies. And while the newly formed entities are being hailed as a triumph for individual freedoms and political democracy, the social a...

The control of a population of Australian cockroaches, Periplaneta australasiae, causing serious damage to valuable plant species in a UK tropical plant house, was attempted using a combination of trapping and spraying with an insect growth regulator. After determining the degree and extent of infes...

A formulation consisting of the pyrethroid insecticide alphacypermethrin and flufenoxuron, an acylurea insect growth regulator, has been shown to give effective and persistent control of cockroach infestations after a single treatment. Flufenoxuron is a new high performance residual insecticide for ...

Woodworm or furniture beetle Anobium punctatum can cause serious damage to wooden objects and the structural timber in buildings. In the light of recent evidence of the reduced incidence of this pest in museum objects and in buildings it is timely to re-examine the need for chemical treatments and a...

Impact of carpenter ant infestations in structures ranges from nuisance pests to seriously damaging pests if structural timbers are attacked. Carpenter ants excavate wood to form galleries for their brood and tunnels for foragers. A mature colony consists of a parent or main colony with the queen, w...

In the European Union and the USA allergens of arthropods comprise a rising health problem. Atopic diseases resulting from insect or mite exposure cost several hundreds of millions British pounds per European country per year. This article is devoted to major sources of inhalant arthropod allergens,...

Webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella, is a world-wide pest of clothing and textiles in domestic environments and also causes serious damage to textiles and ethnographic material in museum collections. Monitoring traps are an important component of pest control programmes but sticky traps witho...

Inter-strain variation of German cockroaches in response to several commercial baits and their potential to develop resistance to the baits was investigated. Late instars were given a choice between the bait and an alternate food source (dog chow). Survivors were saved and choice tests repeated. Tes...

In North America 20 species of Camponotus have been recorded as pest species causing either structural damage or occurring as nuisance species. Structurally damaging species are found in the subgenera: Camponotus. Tanaemyrmex, and Myrmothrix. Carpenter ants causing the most serious damage in eastern...

Decision-making for managing household cockroach infestations is a complicated process. Proper decisions concerning cockroach pest management should be made based on the integration of 1) biotic factors, such as pest biology, ecology, and behavior; 2) abiotic environmental factors, such as temperatu...

Public pressures, and mandates by government agencies will require that we develop strategies that reduce exposure of humans to pesticides. These must be developed so that they manipulate populations to the extent that likelihood of infestation is reduced, or assuming that they will infest a structu...

Large modem poultry houses in Japan often experience serious fly problems. The house fly, Musca domestica and the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis are common in poultry houses from spring through fall. The house fly can be controlled effectively using chitin inhibitors but a resistance problem h...

German cockroach (Blattella germanica) control treatment history has rarely been accompanied by resistance monitoring in the field. Consequently, while cockroach 'resistance', receives much publicity, it is a fact that, to date, only a handful of complaints that are due to pyrethroid resistance, hav...

Modem society has moved from an agricultural base to one that is urbanized. A majority of the world's population, in both developed and developing countries, lives in towns, cities, or large metropolitan areas. Urbanization can often lead to conditions of overcrowding, substandard or inadequate hous...

A focal point for pest management programs is often limiting the amount of insecticide to the minimum level while still maintaining the maximum benefit for population reduction. With that in mind we conducted a field study in 28 homes to evaluate the efficacy of applying insecticide to habitats iden...