ICUP Proceedings Search

In this study we aim to determine the lethal and residual effect of a dual-action insecticide coating (INESFLY SATIS) applied in the interior parts of water tanks on Aedes aegypti under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Contact with treated surfaces during oviposition targets gravid females’ lon...

Peridomestic cockroaches require control strategies adopted to their behaviour and habitats. American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and Oriental cockroaches (Blatta orientalis) are often found in sewer systems which are appropriate places for insecticide treatments. New advanced paint formulat...

Behind every successful insect control product sold today is an idea that started in the mind of a trained Urban Entomologist. Among the attendees of the ICUP 2022 conference are numerous examples of Entomologists who's lab and field has allowed the creation of innovative and successful home insect ...

The massive presence of blackflies, mainly the anthropophilic Simulium erythrocephalum species in the surroundings of the city of Zaragoza, represents a problem of Public and Animal Health. This pest is responsible for the considerable increase of medical consultations in Primary Care due to insect ...

Rats pose a significant problem to society (zoonoses, severe property damage and food loss). The urban environment favours high population density, especially of the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Due to high food availability and the presence of attractive habitats for rats in urban parks and garde...

Flies control is still a complex problem in many systems but particularly in animal husbandry. An unstructured approach remains towards them in the various affected activities, which still too often are activated only in the face of an emergency. Even in modern farms, IPM for flies is not considered...

The increasing prevalence of the nuisance pest Ctenolepisma longicaudata has demanded an assessment of the tools for control and elimination that are available to the pest control industry. A single application of a commercially available cockroach bait containing 1% Clothianidin at a dose rate of 0...

Rats pose a significant problem to society (zoonotic diseases, severe property damage and food loss). The urban environment favors high population density, especially of the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Increasingly high infestation levels are observed, in particular where human presence is high (...

In London, most local authorities provide pest control services to their residents. However, the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-21 triggered national ‘lock-downs’, requiring organisations to change their working practices. Pest control managers in selected boroughs were interviewed to assess the impact t...

Different types of various textured fabrics bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) prefer to use as harborages, and the effect of various species of the entomopathogenic fungi Ophiocordyceps on bed bugs. Three synthetic fabrics were used: red 100% polyester fleece, red 100% polyester knit fabric, and red 100%...

This study aimed to assess the records and experience of Integrated Pest Control and Management Companies in Colombia and Spain to contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of bed bug infestations in both countries. To accomplish this objective, a confidential 27-question questionnaire, designed u...

In Switzerland Tapinoma magnum, an invasive ant species in northern and central Europe, was first observed in the canton of Vaud in 2012 and 2018 found in the cantons of Geneva and Zurich. In the spring of 2019, the Urban Pest Advisory Service collected ants from the front yard of a residential esta...

Urban areas provide suitable breeding areas for mosquitoes potentially affecting the epidemiology of many vector-borne diseases, through its effects on mosquito community composition. The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus has colonized a large number of urbanized areas in Europe and is ...

The mosquito species Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) has spread rapidly in Europe over the last 40 years and has been established as an invasive species in Germany for the last 15 years. In 2019, individual specimens were found for the first time in the allotments “SÜD I”, “SÜD II” and the adjacent “...

At the end of April 2018, a pest control company brought three termite soldiers and some alates to the Urban Pest Advisory Service (UPAS) for species determination. They were found in a building in a medium-sized city on Lake Zurich (Canton Zurich). A mitochondrial DNA analysis by the University of ...

Qcide is a natural plant extract from a chemotype of Eucalyptus cloeziana that is being developed as an insecticide for a number of applications including control of flying insect pests. The primary active compound tasmanone, is a member of the beta-triketone class of compounds that occur in a numbe...

Larvae and adults of Korynetes caeruleus (de Geer 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) were collected from old churches and reared in the laboratory on Anobium punctatum (de Geer 1774) (Coleoptera, Ptinidea, formerly Anobiidae). Breeding success of K. caeruleus was low, but basic parameters of this species’...

Dengue control in India relies heavily on chemical vector control. Treatment of breeding sites for immature mosquito stages is a common practice. Desert coolers appear to be one of the preferred breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes. Insect Growth Regulators like pyriproxyfen have been studied as an e...

In April 2018, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid received a communication from a pest control company about an Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae) infestation in a building. After an initial inspection of the affected area, the presence of two foci was detected and entomolog...

Larvae and adults of Korynetes caeruleus (de Geer 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) were collected from old churches and reared in the laboratory on Anobium punctatum (de Geer 1774) (Coleoptera, Ptinidea, formerly Anobiidae). Breeding success of K. caeruleus was low, but basic parameters of this species’...

Resistance to insecticides is one of the multiple factors related to sudden bed bug reemergence. In this work, we evaluated synthetic repellents and the attractant role of cuticular compounds as potential alternatives to conventional strategies used in pest control management. On the one hand, we fo...

New technologies have the potential to transform Pest Control Operator techniques and to reduce environmental impact through a green revolution. Internet of Things (IoT)-based application development platforms have the potential to run Autonomous management tools capable of monitoring real-time even...

Cockroaches are of the great importance in public health. Blattella germanica is the main specie that infests commercial kitchens and industrial kitchens, due to conditions for their development. One of the methods to control B. germanica is the use of insecticides in the gel bait formulation. The o...

The asian hornet is an exotic invasive species according to the law 33/2015 of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, in the Iberian Peninsula. The first appointment of this insect occurs in 2010, in the Foral community of Navarra. Since its introduction, it has been colonizing a large part of the north...

Anticoagulant rodenticides are the most commonly used pesticides worldwide that inhibit blood coagulation by suppressing the activity of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Resistance to these compounds has been reported in multiple rodent populations in different countries, and numerous studies...

The reemergence of fever spotted by Rickettsia rickettsii associated with the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, represents a threat to the health of individuals and a public health problem in various locations in the state of Sonora, where more than 100 cases occur annually, with rates of specific leth...

For nearly a decade, the wood pest Anobium punctatum has been effectively controlled in historic monuments with its natural antagonist Spathius exarator. This braconid wasp parasitizes its host species by piercing its ovipositor directly through the wood surface followed by oviposition onto the beet...

Bed bug infestations are most likely to establish close to human resting and sleeping area. We took advantage of the stereotyped feeding behaviour of bed bugs and developed a diatomaceous earth (DE) loaded tape, Nattaro Safe (NS), to be installed between bed bug harbourage and feeding place. DE abso...

A field trial on a typical market-leading rat snap trap for the control of a Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus, infestation was undertaken. The purpose of the trial was to assess the efficacy of the trap in a rural rat infestation and record observations regarding humaneness. The initial infestation was ...

Pest control activity has evolved paradigmatically in recent years, as well as quality systems development. Our proposal is to collaborate directly with food safety, food loss reduction, equipment repair costs and even with the care of Environmental Health due to the presence of Insects Vectors of d...

Some Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes caspius and Aedes detritus, cause relevant nuisances in urban and peri urban areas situated close to some wetlands in Spain. These floodwater mosquitoes are particularly difficult to control at larval stage after intensive rains, since they can quickly colonize la...

It is no doubt that deterring numbers of birds (gulls, ravens) is necessary in the city. Huge flocks of birds carry nuisance, noise, disease and they poultry manure reduce water quality. Also, birds increase warranty of bird-strike with aircraft/helicopter. Usage falconry for scaring flocking birds ...

Optimizing the efforts required for countermeasures against animal damage is an important issue in wildlife management. In Tokyo, the increase in the abundance of crows has led to many complaints from residents. As a result, in 2001, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government implemented a crow control proje...

In the Netherlands, besides the detection at Lucky bamboo and used tire sites, introductions of Aedes albopictus have been notified by citizens since 2016 in urban areas. Intensive surveillance and mosquito control followed the confirmation of the species identity in the laboratory. In many cases, i...

One of the major groups of mosquito-borne diseases is Flaviviruses with prominent human pathogens, such as West Nile virus (WNV), dengue, Zika viruses. Nowadays, WNV is appearing more and more in several countries, thanks in part to climate change and other factors. WNV is endemic in parts of Europe...

In order to bring a new insecticide product to market in Europe there is a requirement to register it under the Biocidal Products Regulations (PT 18). One part of the process in granting a registration requires the submission and acceptance of a dossier that includes evidence demonstrating the effic...

The clerids Korynetes caeruleus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Opilo domesticus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) naturally occur in buildings where they feed on the wood pest Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera, Ptinidea). Another prey of K. caeruleus in buildings is the wood-destroying insect Xestobium rufovillosum (C...

Insecticidal baits are proven effective tactics for domestic cockroach species, but limited information about their use and efficacy exist for outdoor applications targeting peridomestic species. We evaluated three commercial bait products against large populations of Turkestan cockroaches at two pu...

Aquatain AMF is a ready-to-use silicone-based liquid (polydimethylsiloxane – PDMS), easy to apply on the surface of standing and stagnant water. It prevents the development of mosquitos by forming an ultra-fine film over the water’s surface. This chemical is not considered a biocide under UE laws, a...

Pest control strategies would become more effective if semiochemicals (volatile organic signalling compounds) instead of foods were used as lures and bait additives. This is because (1) they can be encapsulated into non-perishable lure products that emit a sustained odour for extended time periods t...

The yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax Lepeletier 1836, is an Invasive Alien Species (IAS) which was accidentally introduced in Europe from Asia. The establishment of this IAS is a major concern because of its potential negative impact on pollinators and biodiversity. Here, we report t...

The efficacy of YJX-100 yellowjacket baiting system to control individual nests and to provide area-wide suppression of European wasps Vespula germanica was evaluated. The study was conducted in a disturbed urban tall grass habitat in Canberra, Australia in 2017. Six active European wasp nests were ...

Considering the ability of arthropods, to act as vectors of pathogens, an understanding of bacterial species associated with household arthropods and hence their significance to public health is also limited. This study aimed to investigate household arthropods in the United Kingdom, exploring their...

The Exploreum Science Center and History Museum in Mobile, Alabama, USA, and UNESCO World Heritage Site Taliesin West – Frank Lloyd Wright’s winter residence and architectural school in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, are both complex structures that were experiencing substantial termite activity. A ‘solu...

Urban Pest Management Programs demand spatial information. Madrid City Council has been incorporating Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the last three decades. As a result, Health Madrid’s Vector Control Department (DCV) has improved urban pest management notably. Systematic rat control wit...

In recent years, mosquito surveillance and control programmes have been immersed in a series of threats related to globalisation and climate change that have created new risk scenarios for the transmission of emerging and re-emerging diseases. There is a need to incorporate new tools in order to hel...

BASF have developed a non-anticoagulant rodenticide soft bock bait, Selontra® (0.075 % cholecalciferol). In mammals, cholecalciferol toxicity causes death by hypercalcemia - the calcification of soft tissues such as heart, kidney, liver, stomach (inducing a stop-feeding effect). The resulting “stop-...

The greenhouse millipede Oxidus gracilis (Koch), originally native to East Asia, has so far only been found in Central Europe as an introduced species in greenhouses and botanical gardens. In the last few years, however, there has been increasing evidence in Western Austria and Switzerland that this...

Rodents are considered one of the animal pests with the greatest impact on agricultural production and public health. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), used as one of the most effective ways to control rodent populations worldwide. ARs inhibit the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKORC1) enzyme caus...

The residual effect of an insecticide is directly related to its formulation, active ingredient and application rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 distinct commercial insecticides products against Blattella germanica nymphs during the following six months after their...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sub-lethal dose effect of deltamethrin on the reproduction of resistant male C. lectularius. The deltamethrin-based product Suspend Polyzone (4.75% deltamethrin, 95.25% other ingredients; Bayer Environmental Science) was applied to 10.16 cm2 raw wood panels ...

Several mutations in voltage gated sodium channel (NAv) have been identified in Aedes aegypti populations worldwide. The variations in the V1016I and F1534C are the most related to knockdown resistance to pyrethroids. A study was carried out to determine the frequency of V1016I and F1534C NAv by rea...

Monitoring of invasive mosquito species in Eastern Croatia, Brod-Posavina County, has been conducted since 2016 as part of the national monitoring of invasive mosquito species in Croatia, with the aim of creating a unique national database to estimate the risk of spreading vector-borne diseases. Thi...

There are different ways of controlling rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This best practice guide focuses on the animal welfare aspect of the various methods and the integrated approach necessary to achieve animal-fri...

During the summer of 2018 Madrid City Council received an unusual number of complaints related with insect bites near the Manzanares river. Consequently, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid performed a series of inspections at different points of the river. Which resulted in the verificat...

During the summer of 2018 Madrid City Council received an unusual number of complaints related with insect bites near the Manzanares river. Consequently, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid performed a series of inspections at different points of the river. Which resulted in the verificat...

Biocidal products are necessary for the control of harmful urban pests to human or animal health and for the control of those that cause damage to natural or manufactured materials. Urban pests are mainly controlled by biocides from Product-type (PT) 8 (wood preservatives), PT14 (rodenticides), PT18...

Biocidal products are necessary for the control of harmful urban pests to human or animal health and for the control of those that cause damage to natural or manufactured materials. Urban pests are mainly controlled by biocides from Product-type (PT) 8 (wood preservatives), PT14 (rodenticides), PT18...

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes becomes a serious public health problem in numerous regions with increasing worldwide cases of dengue, zika and chikungunya infections. The absence of effective vaccines leads the prevention of these diseases to be focused on vector control activities. The...

Yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus has a widely distribution in populations areas of Brazil facility for parthenogenesis reproduction and with major seriousness potential of poisoning. T. serrulatus is frequently found in cemetery device Periplaneta americana population present in this area. The obje...

The Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrihorax) has been spreading across all the coastal northern regions of the Iberian Peninsula, since it was firstly spotted in Amaiur (Navarra) in August 2010. This invasive species has also penetrated across inland territories. Colonizing not only forests and rura...

Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) was recorded in 2011 at first time in the Region the Murcia. After this year to 2017, only municipal or local studies were carried about, mainly by the Universidad de Murcia team. In 2018, the regional Public Health Service started a surveillance program which becam...

Rodentia is the biggest family in the order of Mammalia, with over 40% of the species. The populations of a relatively few species that live in close association with humans sometimes cause economic damage or become threats to the health of humans or domestic animals. A few species of rodents are st...

Rodents are frequent pests on a farm environment in Brazil. Their presence usually is related with general animal stress, loss of productivity and food waste. Among several species that may occur on this kind of facility, there is Rattus rattus, also known as the roof rat. The aim of this study was ...

One of the biggest issues which can be found in livestock farms is related to the massive presence of infesting Diptera that causes health problems, disorder and performance loss. Knowing the flies behavior and their biological cycle is fundamental in order to be able to contrast them. Musca domesti...

This paper presents a new revised "Checklist of the Mosquitoes in Algeria" based on the development of the mosquito-taxonomic research. While a earlier checklist exist, none have been prepared specifically for Algeria which take into account the extensive studies of the last 20 years. We provide an ...

The house mouse (Mus musculus) can carry infectious zoonotic agents, including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Human LCMV infections are mostly asymptomatic but can cause aseptic meningitis and neurologic birth defects. Serological prevalence in the US is 2-5% in humans and 5% in rodents,...

In Europe there are up to 7 different species of underground termites. In France, Portugal and Spain there are 3 important species: Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes Lucifugus and Reticulitermes flavipes). Presence of R. grassei in Spain, Portugal and France, R. lucifugus in France and Spain an...

Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) has colonized large areas in the Iberian Peninsula, mainly in the Spanish Mediterranean strip. Its ecological plasticity and new mechanisms of dispersion, among which the communication routes stand out, has allowed it to colonize multiple and dispersed urban areas. ...

It is of great economical importance to ascertain the efficacy of preservatives against wood decay organisms in order to extend wood products service life. However, due to environmental and health sanitary pressure, it is imperative to find environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic chemical ...

Vector-borne diseases have increased in importance becoming a human health concern at global level. For many of these diseases no vaccines are available, then, the personal protection products and the vector control programs will remain essential tools for protection against transmission. In Europe,...

Nuisances caused by mosquito biting affect the tourism sector, particularly during high season in Mediterranean locations. One species present in these locations is Aedes mariae , which breeds in rock-pool coastal zones. There is a lack of information available about the ecology of Ae. mariae. The m...

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is usually caused by the inhalation of avian and fungal proteins. The present study assesses a cohort of Urban Pest Surveillance and Control Service (UPSCS) workers with high exposure to avian and fungal antigens, in order to identify their degree of sensitization t...

The Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB Catalan acronym) is in charge of the surveillance and control of pests, such as cockroaches, in public areas and sewage system of the City. As in other Mediterranean cities, Periplaneta americana has colonized the sewage system of Barcelona in last years, ...

Pigeon control actions in big cities are usually necessary to maintain the populations in such densities that do not generate conflicts with the human inhabitants. Pigeon control has traditionally been undertaken by culling. However, several papers have shown that this method might not be effective ...

Two species of parasitoid wasps, Apanteles carpatus (Hymenoptera Braconidae) and Baryscapus tineivorus (Hymenoptera Eulophidae), are known to successfully parasitize larvae of tineid moths. We have evaluated each species potential impact on suppressing the pest Tineola bisselliella (Lepidoptera Tine...

In Spain Dengue (DENV), Zike (ZIKV) and Chickungunya (CHIKV) are frequently imported by tourists and immigrants infected in endemic countries. The Spanish Ministry of Health has declared DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV as priority notifiable diseases in the country. Research presented here is focused on entomo...

In July 2015 the Invasive Garden Ant, Lasius neglectus, was identified during control measures in an apartment house in the city of Zurich. This was the second finding of this species in Switzerland and the first finding in an inhabited area. In order to find out the distribution of the population, ...

The landscape of public health pest control is changing. Budgets are being cut across the country, with most local authorities (LAs) still being the main source of dealing with public health pest problems as they did before, but with significant reductions in resourcing. Through analysing the UK pes...

Pests in the home are a health risk because they can be reservoirs or mechanical vectors for several bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral disease agents. Other associated health risks are allergies and damage to building structure by gnawing. The aims of this study were to use a social cognitive m...

Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica are pests of great importance in urban areas, mainly due to their role as vectors of pathogens and capability of causing allergies. The interspecific differences between these cockroaches can lead to different results in their control. No chemical (liqui...

The applicability of entomopathogenic fungi for Periplaneta americana’s control in urban sewage is still not well studied, even though its importance as an urban pest capable of disease dissemination being a constant. Females have an important role on dissemination of the species due to their ovipos...

The collection and identification of flying insects associated with a number of UK hospitals was undertaken, in order to classify and enumerate the insects found and establish their seasonality and location in such premises, therefore informing pest control measures. A total of 19,937 individual ins...

The current urban rodent control servicing model which relies very heavily on baiting with rodenticides is being increasingly challenged, and two studies are reported here that attempt to ‘go back to the basics’ of rodent behavior in order to investigate new avenues for innovation. The ability of se...

Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) (Isoptera: Termitidae) is a major species of termites that attacks cellulosic materials and is an economically important pest, damaging buildings in Khuzestan Province (Iran). Neonicotinoids, most notably imidacloprid, have recently been introduced for pest contr...

Insecticide resistance can be defined as, a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. There have been large gains in t...

In this paper the biological control of biscuit beetle (Stegobium paniceum) and spider beetle (Gibbium psylloides) found in different museums, historic buildings and a monastery library in Austria is described. Six case studies are presented where the insect pest monitoring with sticky blunder traps...

The aim of this study is to present a methodology for Cryptotermes brevis control in such a fragile, old building environment. The described treatment was undertaken at Igreja Matriz Nossa Senhora da Candelária, a church built in 1780 at Itu city, São Paulo. Its presbytery is made of cedar and was b...

This paper will show the practical use of a braconid wasp species (Spathius exarator) as a biological control method for Anobium. punctatum. The parasitic wasp parasitizes its host by piercing its ovipositor directly through the wood surface followed by oviposition onto the furniture beetle larva. A...

The control in the field of insect large geographical distribution as Periplaneta americana species, that is a mechanical vector of several pathogens to man, may be affected by genetic variability among their populations. They can be segregating, resulting in differences in susceptibility to the con...

Mosquito Aedes aegypti is the most efficient vector in the transmission of dengue, chikungunya and zika in Colombia. Villavicencio, located in the central part of the country, is one of the cities that report more cases of these pathologies. Despite the strategies of communitarian education to contr...

The Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB Catalan acronym) is in charge of the surveillance and control of pests, such as some rodents, in public green areas and sewage system of the City. In the context of recent legal restrictions on the use of rodenticides, the control in green surfaces through...

Rose-ringed parakeets have recently become established in cities across Europe including London, where they are now commonly seen in parks and gardens. Concerns regarding impacts on native birds as well as noise and damage to horticultural interests, have prompted increasing interest in management o...

The light emitting diode (LED) lamp market is predicted to experience massive growth over the next decade. Outside the domestic lighting sector there are a number of specialist uses for LED technology that have warranted research into specific frequencies of light emission. Ultra-violet (UV-A waveba...

Whole-home thermal remediation for bed bug control was conducted in fourteen apartment units in Lynchburg, Virginia. Apartment units were divided into categories of low, medium, or high levels of clutter to determine if the time to bed bug lethal temperature (55o C), and treatment efficacy were infl...

The intrinsic activity of combinations of methoprene and chlorfluazuron and methoprene and fipronil was determined against larval cat fleas, Ctenochephalides felis (Bouché). Methoprene synergized the activity of the IGR chlorfluazuron and the adulticide fipronil. The LC50s of chlorfluazuron, fiproni...

From 2014 to 2016, in Moscow, Kaluga region, and Ural (Ekaterinburg) we have been monitored the susceptibility of male German cockroaches to topically applying 1μl insecticides of different structure. It was found that all cockroach populations are most resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, especial...

PiedPiper was born out of the desire to move rodenticide control away from the current multi-feed technology that leads to toxin resistant rats and mice. Our approach was to develop a single application methodology that would prevent the protracted times to death and also avoid the increase in toler...

Urban pest management in Spain, which involves prevention and control, corresponds to the municipalities. The data, key elements and conclusions of a continuous analysis of 10 years of the Madrid Municipality pest control program against sewer system cockroaches (Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta am...

Industrial sites are in conflicting with nature if it comes to birds. The roofs and ledges of factories and other buildings are an ideal habitat for birds to breed and forage. These places are often without human presence, making them an optimal place for birds to perch. The presence of birds and gu...

It is well documented that several waves of invasive tree pests are advancing across the European continent and there are few practical solutions to halt their progress. Pests include Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner, Red Palm Weevil, Asian Longhorn Beetle, Pine Wood Nematodes and Pine and Oak Processionar...

Cockroaches (Blattodea) are important mechanical vectors for the transmission of many pathogens including bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses, and can contaminate food, water, and affect animals and humans. These pathogens can be carried in different parts of the cockroach body (legs, mouthparts)...

The control of Blattella germanica represents a major challenge for Brazilian PCOs (Pest Control Operators), due to their great capacity for reproduction and dispersal on tropical weather environments. Several gel bait insecticides have been developed and sold in Brazil, during the past few years, f...

Initially infestations of houses by Cimex lectularius were sporadically detected in the middle of the previous decade and increased over the past years. Data obtained by the Environmental Health Department have shown events increase by 1000% in the past five years for the whole city. Among the 21 Ci...

Under increase of pressure on nature, many organisms have adapted to a new environment and began an active attack on new ecosystems. Urbanized communities are part of the biosphere and live according to the fundamental laws of ecology. Urban green plantations having both alive and dead phytomass are...

The residual effect of an insecticide is directly related to its formulation, active ingredient and application rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 distinct commercial insecticides products against Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana during the following six...

The most frequently reported vector-borne diseases in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere are related to ticks, e.g. borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. In Europe, Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) is the most abundant species infesting a wide range of hosts. Increased public awareness...

Aedes aegypti was first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union in Batumi as an introduced species in 1911. High numbers of these mosquitoes have been recorded on the Black Sea coast from Sukhumi to Batumi. Since 1950s, these mosquitoes are not detected in this region (Cherkasskyi, 20...

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of several infectious diseases endangering approximately 3 billion people around the world. The precise identification of mosquitoes’ species is decisive to understand epidemiological patterns of diseases transmission and to develop control strategies....

Monitoring of insect pest activity with the use of sticky blunder traps (sometimes with an attractant) is routinely carried out in the food industry and other businesses. Biscuit beetles (Stegobium paniceum) can be a significant pest but, there have been few commercially available species specific t...

Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...

The Pest Odyssey group consists of professionals from the cultural heritage sector with a wide experience of IPM, a personal interest and demonstrated dedication to the program and its applications. We effectively represent the cultural sector and members are from a wide group which includes; Nation...

Insecticide sprays used for ant control generally cause environmental contamination. Liquid bait is effective, but requires bait stations to dispense the toxicant. In this study, we develop a natural alginate hydrogel to deliver liquid bait, without the use of bait stations. Hydrogel beads condition...

Adult Limnophyes natalensis were collected using sticky and suction light traps during the course of a year in a Japanese food factory. Such physical control methods have been demonstrated effective for collecting adult midges. The numbers of adult L. natalensis collected with the two methods were c...

The potential for houseflies Musca domestica to contribute to transfer of the ‘hospital superbug’ Clostridium difficile in hospitals has been demonstrated, highlighting flies as realistic vectors of this microorganism in clinical areas. Subsequent field studies where houseflies were sampled from hos...

Repellents are biocides and a proof of efficacy is required for active substance inclusion as well as for product authorization. Here, we describe two test systems for efficacy evaluation of ant repellents with the substances DEET 50 %, Margosa extracts 100 %, baking powder: sodium hydrogen carbonat...

Flood water mosquitoes have been successfully controlled in Switzerland for 25 years with products based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). These mosquitoes have a flying range of up to 10 km in search of a blood meal. Before the interventions the quality of life of residents in villages n...

The oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis) occurs in several buildings of two different blocks in the city of Zürich. Pest control companies were unable to control the infestation, and reported cockroaches in the backyards of these blocks during the warmer periods of the year. The Urban Pest Advisor...

The controlled atmosphere (CA) principle is based on low-oxygen in combination with increased temperatures. CA treatments are commercially used world-wide and have gained acceptance from both governments and industries as the non-toxic fumigant technology for a variety of applications. As a pest con...

The National Pest Advisory Panel of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) in the UK was established in 2001 to advise the CIEH on pest control policy. It developed a pest survey to understand the way in which pest management services within local authorities were operationalised and...

Health Madrid as the municipal health administration of the City Council of Madrid (Environmental Health) manages pest prevention and control operations. Feral pigeons have increased during the last decades as one of the most frequent pest problems in Madrid City. The pest control sector, as almost ...

Increasing pest diversity in urban areas is a reality of modern time. Actual biological technologies are unable to prevent this process. Sometimes control leads to negative results, in particular the use of chemical pesticides. Use of clean ecological methods must be the strategy of the future. The ...

In Germany since more than three decades products based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus have been successfully used as biological control agents against floodwater mosquitoes, mainly Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus sticticus as well as against house mosquito C...

We report the results achieved in laboratory tests conducted to compare the efficacy and the attractiveness of commercial gel formulations, containing abamectin, fipronil, indoxacarb, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, for the control of nymphs and adults of cockroaches. The tests were replicated 4 times...

Of the techniques used by pest control operators to control synanthropic cryptic insects and other arthropods such as German cockroaches, ants, bedbugs, and scorpions, the application of insecticides directly into cracks is one of the most commonly used methods. Three pesticide application equipment...

Cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide that belongs to the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides. The novel mode of action of cyantraniliprole depletes calcium from insect muscle, affecting muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventually death. We report the results of testing of two formu...

In 2003 the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus arrived in Southern Switzerland for the first time. It has since then been continuously surveyed and controlled using ovitraps for monitoring alongside targeted applications of larvicides (Bti and diflubenzuron) and larval source reduction....

The aim of our research was to develop and test a biological control method for A. punctatum. After mass rearing of the host-specific braconid wasp species Spathius exarator (L.), laboratory control tests of the parasitism rate were conducted. Praxis tests of the efficiency of the braconid wasps wer...

The aim of this work was to evaluated to a minimal dose and minimal lethal time of Fipronil and Hydramethylnone bait gel formulation at a concentration of 0.05 and 2.15%. The insects were food deprived during 24 hours and after confined individually with the respective dose of the gel, water and foo...

Lord Howe Island is a small sub-tropical island off the east coast of Australia. African bigheaded ant Pheidole megacephala (F.) was discovered on the island in 2003 and been subject to ongoing attempts at eradication resulting from concerns over its impact on native biota. In 2006-2007 a trial was ...

Trials have been conducted with Aquatain AMF, a silicone based self-spreading liquid for mosquito control, in many locations and environments around the world. The trials included Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex mosquitoes. The product has been shown to be effective in very difficult conditions where ot...

This study sought to determine the role of Musca. domestica, sampled from UK hospitals, as reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria. M. domestica were collected from pre-existing ultra-violet light flytraps located throughout the hospitals. External washings and macerates of M. domestica were prepared and ...

Four essential oil-based products and a liquid-based borate spray were tested for their efficacy against adult, pyrethroid-resistant, field-strain and Harold Harlan susceptible-strain bed bugs using direct spray applications. The most effective product was Green Bug (100% mortality in one hour or le...

Pyrethroid-resistance in bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, has been described in many countries, but up to now, for Germany no data are available. However, pest control companies increasingly report difficulties in controlling bed bugs with pyrethroids. In the present study four bed bug strains were coll...

Heat treatment has been used to control stored food pests, bed bugs, cockroaches, and other household pests, and structural timber and wood pallets. The energy requirements for treating different materials, spaces, and timber require careful attention to maintaining a heat regimen and training of ap...

Malaria is a global health challenge. Vector control remains the fundamental, central and critical component of prevention and control of malaria. Insecticides remain the mainstay in vector control for malaria prevention. Pyrethroids are currently the insecticides for adult vector control interventi...

As part of a study investigating experimental insecticide formulations for control of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in outdoor locations, the imidacloprid-based product Premise 2 (Bayer Environmental Science) was used as a commercial standard. During the study, Premise 2 provided the mo...

The control of the German cockroach Blattella germanica is a major challenge for Brazilian pest control operators (PCOs) due to their great capacity for reproduction and dispersal. The study described aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the insecticide Thiamethoxam (Optigard LT® 25% – Wettable Granule...

More than a half million ton of frozen fish, fresh fish and processed sea foods were strewed around the Tsunami disaster areas from fishing port and huge freezing storehouses located along the saw-toothed coastline, approximately 35 minutes after the Great East Earthquake on March 11, 2011. Large po...

This study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of educational programs on individual knowledge of occupants and sanitation rate. The study’s locations comprised three buildings in the South West of Iran. The educational program was initiated by putting up posters, handing out pamphlets, face to ...

Ekomille trap is an electromechanical and ecological system for the capture of mice and rats. The trap is baited with natural foods without any type of toxic bait and it is able to capture over 80 rodents. In the present work are reported results of field trials carried out to evaluate the Ekomille ...

Entomopathogens have been used in many agricultural and veterinary programs of pest control. Studies with fungi have shown great potential for control of urban pests, such as cockroaches, but there are few studies on the subject. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of en...

Periplaneta americana is a vector of various diseases and its control is usually done with chemical pesticides. However, this insect can be controlled with the use of entomopathogenic fungal formulations. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these control agents and also characterize sprays used i...

An important aspect to consider in biological pest control is the formulation of biopesticides, since it may interfere with the effectiveness of the control target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of surface tension and contact angle of droplets formed in suspensions of Metarhiziu...

Control of Rattus norvegicus in Brazil is frequently made by applying wax blocks and, more recently, with extruded blocks containing a second generation anticoagulant a.i., where wax blocks have shown low attractiveness. We conducted two field studies to evaluate the attractiveness of a wax block (K...

Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to different classes of insecticides including two synthetic pyrethroids owing to the continuous use in public health and sometimes in other sectors. Hence, there is need to develop alternative strategies including use of new insecticides with nove...

A unique mixture of polymeric compounds for effective control of various insect species was tested. When applied in a free form or mixed with insecticide formulation has provided quick and even spreading increasing the likelihood that the toxicant will be transferred by contact enhancing the bioavai...

The bed bugs comeback as a pest has revitalized research on several aspects of its biology to improve management. Temperature can be manipulated to control bedbugs, but has so far been focused on temperature extremes with mortal outcome. The present study focuses on exposure of bedbugs to temperatur...

This poster will report on development of a new cockroach gel bait formulation based on the active ingredient clothianidin. We will review research conducted to establish a minimum effective concentration for clothianidin in the formulation that is necessary to kill cockroaches. A series of trials w...

A new long-lasting, polymer-enhanced formulation has been developed for suspension concentrates of synthetic pyrethroids which addresses and remedies the above mentioned problems. This polymer technology, called PolyZone™ technology, prolongs the effectiveness of deltamethrin suspension concentrates...

The number of bed bug controls in Budapest has been steadily increasing since 2000, an abrupt rise, however, began from 2007. To apply an effective control strategy, it is essential to identify the causes of the increase in the number of bed bugs. To determine the causes, during the past one and a h...

In the European Union, baits against pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) have to be authorized as biocidal products. The dossier to be submitted for authorization of the product has to include a proof of product efficacy. No consistent test standards have been established by the European Commission....

Blattella germanica is a very important pest in homes, food service establishments and other structures in São Paulo city. The roach bait control is usually recommended. The aim this work was to evaluate the minimal dose of different active ingredients in bait commercial gel to B. germanica control....

Chlorantraniliprole is a new insecticide globally branded as DuPont™ Altriset™ for termite control. Field results from the USA, Japan and Australian in pre-construction (horizontal applications) and postconstruction (vertical applications) at the 0.05% rate showed excellent efficacy. Field results f...

The urban environment provides conditions for the establishment and spread of some species of ants, known as tramp ant species. They can occur in many environments, including hospitals, industrial and domestic kitchens, acting as carriers of pathogenic organisms. The most effective method of control...

Optimisation of performance of dry flowable powder formulations for control of crawling insect pests is known to involve control of particle size and effective distribution of active ingredient. Enhanced pick-up by the insect cuticle has been demonstrated through use of powder bearing an electrostat...

Ants are social insects that can be found almost in every terrestrial environment around the world. As in natural environment, the artificial environments are excellent places to install nests, but when installed in human habitations they are considered urban pests, because of the inconvenience caus...

Blattella germanica is considered one of the main pests found in commercial shops mainly foodstuff. Excessive use of insecticides, flaws in the applications of pyrethroid group insecticides, and failure on rotation of chemical groups, result in selection of resistant cockroaches populations, which i...

Arachnids are successful groups with a lifestyle based on predation, especially insects. The spiders have a body divided in two segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, have four pairs of legs, chelicerae and pedipalps. The Loxosceles spiders occur throughout the world, in Brazil were recorded eight...

This is a summary of the operating system for pests management in the L’Aquila area during the seven months following the earthquake (06/04/2009 - 31/10/2009). The management system involved both purely technical aspects (equipment, pest control products, field operations, etc) and the more human as...

Entomological indices based on larval surveillance methods are not sensitive enough to accurately monitor Aedes aegypti population densities in areas differing in levels of infestation. Here, we present and discuss results obtained from a pilot program using a new approach, the Monitoring System and...

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are key vectors of dengue and chikungunya. The status of the main emerging control technologies for these species which have reached open cage or field trial stages is reviewed: insecticide impregnated fabrics, lethal ovitraps, Mesocyclops, Wolbachia, densovirus an...

Blattella germanica is one of the most important urban pests in households, restaurants, storehouses, hospitals, supermarkets and food industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate lambdacyhalothrin residual (dose of 2,5mL/L water- Demand 10 CS) on surfaces of tiles, polished green slates and cem...

Health services are colonized by urban pests, being generally an integral part of urban infrastructure, especially considering the neotropical climate that is warm and wet. Therefore, pest control is widely quoted in our legislation and hospitals should be free of pests. In practice, it is observed ...

Pests cause damage to humans since ancient times, not only because they represent risks to health through diseases, but also due to the damage they can cause in food storage by contaminating packaging, products and environments. The Sanitary Surveillance of Ribeirão Preto, adhering to the establishe...

Periplaneta americana is broadly accepted as the major insect pest in the sewage systems of Spain. The environmental conditions of our country, especially in eastern and southern regions, let the populations of this insect develop to enormous numbers with the risk to become a sanitary problem. Commo...

In order to understand the characteristics of the termite infestation and suggest management measures aiming to their control, inspection in 53 households in a residential condominium located in the Ecological Park of Serra do Guararú (Rainforest), in Guarujá, Brazil was held in October 2010. Curren...

Subterranean termites are important pests in the U.S. and many parts of the world. Most products available for subterranean termite control are registered in Florida and currently there are 76 products. Most are either repellent or non-repellent soil treatment products. In recent years the number of...

This present study focused on the Municipal Program of Culex Control at the Pinheiros River and the new methods used for surveillance and control of this mosquito. This river has 54 km of banks and its polluted and stagnant water allows great proliferation of Culex quinquefasciatus. This mosquito is...

The objective of this report was to evaluate the integrated termite control with different insecticides chemistry and formulations. It was done a complete survey of the infestations and established a maintenance project, the strengthening of the deteriorated woods and insecticide treatment. The trea...

The biological characterization of resistance in laboratory is reported, along with an evaluation of the response of vector populations to methods of chemical control which are used on the routine executed in the Dengue Control .Data from the Monitoring Program demonstrated over time an increasing n...

Gel baits are easy to incorporate in pest management programs because they present properties like low toxicity, less environmental risk than sprays, easy handling and proved effectivity. Active ingredients, Fipronil and Imidacloprid, act through ingestion and contact as neurotoxics. Fipronil, a phe...

This talk focuses on legal approaches on urban pest control products and on their use. In Brazil, among several standards on the subject, there are specific regulations particularly like: - Resolution RDC 52/09, available on the functioning of companies specialising in the provision of service contr...

The presence of Tityus serrulatus scorpion in an urban environment presents a threat to the population, correlated to high population density and reflected on registered accidents. In difficult access areas as drainpipe and sewage system pulverization techniques has shown undesirable results. We pro...

The integrated pest management (IPM) concept to reduce Loxosceles intermedia populations in homes may rely upon many strategies. In this work, a range of new approaches have been studied with the aim of controlling these brown spiders, which include observing and evaluating the following: the effect...

Homelessness is an increasing public health problem. Because of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare systems, homeless persons are exposed to many communicable infections. The pattern of life and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice. Body lice have ...

The most common species of bed bugs in the world is Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758. This species prefers to feed on human blood and causes several health effects like skins rashes, psychological effects and allergic symptoms. In the developed world bed bugs were largely eradicated as pests in the ...

The housefly, Musca domestica L., is a synanthropic, endophilous, cosmopolitan fly, which has a propensity to breed in faecal matter, moves indiscriminately from filth to food and harbours pathogenic bacteria obtained from various unsanitary sources. M. domestica has been implicated in the transmiss...

Keratophagous moths don’t have the medical or epidemiological significance, but in the urban environment they occupy specific niche as synanthropic arthropod pests. Nearly 30 species of keratophagous moths can be found out on the territory of Russian Federation. Our most common pest species is the w...

This paper discusses the challenges of the control of dengue and yellow fever in Brazil. Yellow fever, a vaccine preventable disease, has re-emerged in its sylvatic cycle, in regions of Brazil that were free of transmission for more than 60 years. Severe adverse events following vaccination limit th...

The Argentine ant is a major household pest worldwide and efforts to control it usually involve the use of slow acting insecticides contained in baits, composed of either liquid sugar solutions or solid protein particles. A common toxicant used in commercial baits has been boron, either as borax (so...

Baits (station, granule, gel and liquid) are widely used in the control of ant pests because of their effectiveness, ease of application, and their reduced risk to people, pets and the environment. Among the types of baits, gel baits are the most popular bait type for ant control. However, after app...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the knockdown effect and effectiveness of imidacloprid 21% + betacyfluthrin 10.5% to control bed bug in laboratory conditions. During the experiment the temperature was ± 2 27oC, relative humidity 66% ± 5 and photoperiod of 12 hours. Imidacloprid 21% + betacyf...

Education has been enrolled as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, but in fact it should be more than that. Urban pests are so intrinsically related to human life and habits that we can always find where, when and how people (or costumers) can act helping to change urban pest p...

The bed bug Cimex lectularius L. is blood-feeding parasite of humans, bats and different domestic animals. In the early 1990s, pest management professionals began to see an increase in beg bug infestations across the world. Now the bed bug problem is very important in many countries, however, in Rus...

Efforts aimed at reducing a rodent population to an acceptable size must be proportional to how effectively the rodents resist damaging factors. There is a positive correlation between population complexity and resistance, which means that as many independent methods as possible must be devised to c...

The growing urbanization process lead some organisms to rapidly set in the urban environment. These species, called synanthropic, can act as mechanical or biological vectors of microorganisms, and their occurrence represents a serious health risk. In Brazil, ants and cockroaches are the organisms mo...

Innovation means many things to many people and some definitions that may be considered as representative, particularly with respect to public health pest control include “The act of introducing something new”, “a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation” and “gene...

Detection and control of bed bugs can be challenging and alternative control methods are needed. Among new bed bug management techniques localized heat treatments, use of volatile insecticides and heat combination, and new detecting techniques using electronic sensors. However, management of bed bug...

Churches, museums, libraries and other cultural institutions often suffer from wood-boring insect attack, causing severe damage and losses to their property and collections. Frequently, these infestations are caused by either termites or the larvae of tiny wood-boring beetles. Most recently, there h...

In order to avoid treatment failures in bed bug control and to prevent the development of insecticide-resistant bed bug strains, laboratory efficacy tests of products for bed bug control must be adapted more to practical conditions. For our study, Cimex lectularius of the insecticide susceptible lab...

The preparative form of concentrated emulsion continues to enjoy the greatest demand among professionals conducting insecticide treatments. In comparison with a lot of concentrates in organic solvents, aqueous concentrates, which are not so widely represented in the market of insecticides, are simil...

Poor sanitation and housing, coupled with low coverage and quality of health services, leading to deterioration and worsening of the nutritional conditions of people. Without clean water and proper handling of waste in urban areas, increases the incidence of diarrhea and other infectious and parasit...

Subterranean termites are widely known by their substantial damage in urban areas. Coptotermes gestroi is an alien species originated from Asia, introduced accidently in Brazil, where is responsible for severe economical impact. To reduce the use of insecticides in the termite management, some resea...

Cost effective methods are now available to identify physiological resistance in wild populations of Norway rat and House mice that are proving difficult to control. The new molecular methodology is a significant development for resistance management.

The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai (Mizukubo) was first described in 1981 from Okinawa, Japan (Mizukubo, 1981), and introduced into the state of Florida, USA in 1986. By 2007 B. asahinai was established in the states of Alabama, Georgia and Texas, USA. B. asahinai is a peridomestic pest which b...

Standardized test methods by which the efficacies of conventional chemical wood preservatives against insects determine their toxic effects against larvae of wood boring beetles or their feeding prevention by termites. Although alternative control strategies to the application of biocides exist, suc...

Little is known on the urban termites from the Central-Eastern Brazil. In order to report the most common termite genera, the city of Cuiabá, in the State of Mato Grosso was surveyed. Four neighborhoods were chosen along a Pest Control Company which noticed a high number of calls for termite control...

Rodent control in São Paulo involves rodenticide applications, including bromadiolone formulated as paraffin block used in culverts to Rattus norvegicus control. After application, the blocks are subject to environmental conditions that may change its appearance and bromadiolone concentration. This ...

About 25% of mammal species in Brazil belong to Order Chiroptera. There are 174 described species. Bats present important functions within ecosystems, as pollination, seed dispersal and the population control of insects. The habitat fragmentation process, characterized by the continuing decline of n...

Unfamiliarity on the biology and behavior of termites and wood borers may end in legal courts. In order to understand the troubles caused by such unknowns, we conducted consultations in law libraries, among consumer defenders and at the website of Justice Court from the state of São Paulo. Also info...

Pesticides are applied in residences, schools, hospitals and other edifications to control urban pests as cockroaches, ants, fleas, flies and termites. The use of these products in indoor environment can result in exposure of children and pets to particles in the air or adhered to the floor, carpets...

Modern agriculture, field management and control for urban pests distribution needs regular monitoring. The cheapest method of monitoring is biological one. The most effective variant of biomonitoring is phenogenetic one. The question within which limits of accuracy it is possible to estimate the fu...

Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever represent one of the greatest challenges to public health at a world level. One of the approaches to mosquito control is the use of chemicals to kill the different stages of the mosquito life cycle. In São Paulo, the chemical control of Aedes aegypti is carried ou...

The cockroach Blattela germanica (L. 1767) is the most important synanthropic specie to develop high populations in habitations. This study has evaluated the mortality of B. germanica exposed to different treated areas in equivalent amount of insecticides to verify the mortality caused by pesticides...

Man is the main victim of Aedes aegypti. Due to this ecological niche it is one of the most important disease vector to mankind, being, in Brazil, the primary vector of dengue fever. It is found in hot and humid habitat, its development lasts little more than a week, from egg to adult. The only deng...

Port health authorities have played an important role in the control of infectious diseases. The International Health Regulations (2005) further clarifies this role and provides a legal statutory instrument which aims to assist the international community to prevent and respond to global public heal...

The bat is a synanthropic animal and is considered the second most important species in the transmission of rabies to humans in Brazil: nearly 12% of human cases are transmitted by bats. Among bats, the main transmitter is Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) that has a preference for the ...

Here I review the application of genetic techniques to subterranean termite studies, focusing on their contributions to applied science. Current use of molecular genetic methods in the area of termite management fall into two main categories: 1.) taxonomy and species identification; and 2.) colony i...

One thousand four hundred seventy-seven botanical specimens represented by urban trees and palm trees, found in gardens, public squares and streets in the area of Cidade Jardim, a district in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated from 2004 to 2008. The aim was to determine which species of carpenter ant...

Agriculture in tropical regions has been associated with the rapid expansion of leaf-cutting ants in clearings since an initial report in 1587. Numerous studies document higher population densities in human-simplified habitats than in natural ones, usually producing economical losses in agricultural...

Hospitals play an important role within a healthcare setting. The presence of arthropods in hospitals, like spiders, mites, bedbugs, mosquitoes, beetles, cockroaches, flies and ants, was reported in many studies. Besides its great epidemiological relevance, the presence of culicines that are potenti...

Mogi Guaçu is a city in southeastern Brazil with 140,000 inhabitants, where the epidemics of dengue are very recent. In 2001 there were only 14 cases, but the incidence increased in the recent years, reaching 566 cases in 2008 and only 21 cases in 2009 (atypical year). The Brateau index for the city...

For indoor control of Rattus rattus it is recommended the use of rodenticide baits formulated as pellets containing different active ingredients, among which, the bromadiolone. In practice, the packs containing pellet formulations are partially opened and placed in the indoor buildings until their i...

The global climate is under control of factors having both earth and space origin. Global warming took place from XVII century till 1997. Then global cold snap began. It was accompanied by increase of weather instability. This dynamics had effect on global distribution of some animals including term...

Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) show attractiveness for specific woods, but it is unknown whether this attractiveness may be altered by wood decomposition process. This study analized the foraging behavior of N. corniger when decayed woods in different stages are offered to termites nest. Wood s...

Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder 1924) belongs to the group of subterranean termites, it is regarded as an important pest in passion fruit and corn crops in Venezuela and Colombia, it has also been found in Citrus orchards at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In urban zones it had only been report...

Fresh and dry tissues (leaves, stems, flowers and roots) of two Lantana camara cultivars and the soil from where the plants were growing were tested to determine their anti-termitic activities against Reticulitermes flavipes in 3-wk laboratory bioassays. Barriers incorporating 25% (w/w) chipped tiss...

Dengue is transmitted to humans by day-biting mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Primary prevention of this debilitating disease is through vector (mosquito) control: spraying for adult mosquitoes and applying larvicides to standing water. This presentation provides an overvie...

Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides are frequently used for bed bug control. A baseline susceptibility study for commonly used insecticides was carried out with a susceptible C. lectularius laboratory strain. LD50-values against a susceptible strain in a contact bioassay format a...

Dénia (Alicante, Spain) is a middle size city located at the southeastern of the Iberian Peninsula, equidistant between the cities of Alicante and Valencia. It is close to Cape of San Antonio which is the nearest Peninsular point to the Balearic Islands. It has a temperate climate, typically Mediter...

The results about the analysis and characterization of several different anomalies induced on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae) by 2 commercial formulations widely used in the mosquitoes larvae control in Spain, Dimilin 25® and Sumilarv 10EC®, are presented. Tests and effect evaluation have been...

Although there exists many studies that analyze the effectiveness of the insecticides on cockroaches in conditions of laboratory, those that study their effectiveness in sewers are less abundant. The aim of the study whose results are presented is the analysis of the effectiveness and persistence of...

Initially designed and developed as a cartography tool for urban planning and management, Geographical Information (G.I.S.) Technologies can be a very powerful way for prediction, prevention, and pest control operations. Health-Madrid works on corporative GIS system as a way to manage pest control o...

The presence of pest species forces to realize actions that allow us to control their populations and makes more suitable spaces for the development of human activities into our buildings. Given the characteristics of the urban environments, in where man and pests share an almost permanent life toge...

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is the most important ectoparasite in European egg production. The mites hide in cracks and crevices in the near vicinity of the resting places of the birds, coming out to feed mainly during the night. Large mite populations may cause anaemia or even death...

The role of mosquitoes in transmission of infectious diseases is significant. Various formulations of insecticide products are used to control mosquitoes indoors: aerosols, electric heaters with cellulose mats, tablets or vials with a liquid, coils, sticks etc. Aerosol products are usually used agai...

For the development of a methodology for the population management of brown rats, taking into consideration seasonal population dynamics in space and in time, as well as changes in the age composition of the population, two experiments were held. One of them was conducted in the rice fields of the K...

In Austria the research activity for developing alternatives to insecticides controlling mosquito pests is closely related to Usutu-virus (Flaviviridae) epidemics found in 2001. The decision making of those Austrian communities mentioned in this paper is orientated on prevention of the urban inhabit...

Cases of undesirable contacts of people with yellowjackets on the territory of European part of Russia have become much more frequent recently. The yellowjacket pest problem rises usually in natural habitats of these insects changed as a result of a human economic activity (countryside plots, campsi...

Darwin is the largest city in northern Australia, located above the tropic of Capricorn and experiences a tropical monsoon climate. A wide range of invasive and nuisance ants are present in and around Darwin and considered significant urban pests. These include African Bigheaded Ant (Pheidole megace...

The overall objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of house dust mite control (permethrin impregnated bedding and active vacuum cleaning) to relieve symptoms of atopic asthma. The design was a double- blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of patients with atopic asthma that was app...

In 1999, the Master Pest Control Technician (MPCT) course was created at Clemson University, (USA: Clemson, South Carolina 29634) to provide training for general pest control technicians. The course was designed to provide detailed, practical instruction about household and structural pest control i...

The termite activity of fipronil (Termidor®) termiticide/insecticide was first discovered in 1997. Field research trials produced data showing that fipronil had effects on termites distant from the treated area. Following this discovery, several homes were treated as exterior perimeter only treatmen...

Invasive ants present a serious threat to humans, wildlife and sensitive environmental habitats. The nature of these sensitive sites such as schools, nursing homes, parks, and zoos prevent the widespread application of insecticides to control ants and encourage alternative strategies. The presence o...

Several ant species have association to human structures in Brazil and their presence promotes problems such as contamination of food, damage to electronic appliances, and allergies due to the their venom. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a methoprene-based bait against diff...

The employment of electrical vaporizers to reduce the inconveniences caused by the mosquitoes constitutes a habitual practice in the Spanish homes during the summer season. Though exist different systems, the most used is the device in which the insecticide is evaporated by warming. The active matte...

The importance of termite (Isoptera) population for world ecology is based on: it is extremely populated order; this order increases its population during many years; these insects have a big importance because of destroying wood construction; the taxon has important effect on concentration of globa...

Seven commercial pest control products were assayed against Cimex lectularius (L.) adults and 4th instar nymphs under laboratory conditions for 48 hr. After initial exposure a selection of the porous plates were aged under mixed lighting, at 22ºC for 5 weeks, and assayed using 4th instar nymphs to d...

A novel semi-liquid ant bait matrix containing imidacloprid between 0.001 and 0.1% destroyed all laboratory colonies of Pharaoh’s ant in a dose related time span. Best performance was observed with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% imidacloprid. Two concentrations (0.01 and 0.05%) were field ...

Tapinoma melanocephalum F. (Ghost Ant) infestations have increased in Western Europe. Generally, Ghost Ant infestations resemble those of Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh’s Ant) with a focus to older, multi-unit apartment blocks which offer a multitude of nesting opportunities and easy migration of ant...

Multiyear studies describing the effects of tree size and initial infestation on efficacy of imidacloprid (Merit 75 WSP) soil drenches against emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire), were initiated in spring 2004 at two locations in Michigan. Eighty-five green ash trees (Fraxinus pennsyl...

Rattus rattus is considered to have a less omnivorous diet than R. norvegicus, preferring fruit, seeds and grains. Therefore, the efficacy of existing commercial (Sorex) difenacoum rodenticide bait formulations against R. rattus was uncertain and studies were undertaken to determine their efficacy. ...

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., has made a rapid and unexpected comeback in the United States. In an online survey of 509 U.S. pest control firms, 91% encountered bed bugs in the past two years, whereas only 37% recalled seeing them five years ago. Perpetual movement of people, zero tolerance for...

Providing pest control services to modern Medical and Ancillary Care Facilities requires using the latest integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. All aspects of integrated pest management, including pest identification, monitoring, and inspection must be included din the pest control program de...

The main aim of this research has been to check the arthropod species present into dependences of the University of Valencia and to state its significance as pests. The study area takes in all the facilities of the University of Valencia. A total of 24 insect species, 1 myriapod and 1 crustacean hav...

Outbreaks of mysterious skin lesions on multiple personnel at five military installations were initially blamed on spiders. Requests were made for pest inspection and control to remedy the situation. Pesticides were applied at four of the installations even though no medically important arthropods w...

The house fly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common synanthropic insects in the world. It is known as mechanical carrier of various organisms that cause diseases of man. In many countries, house fly populations can quickly develop resistance to insecticides using to control them. At present...

A fipronil SC formulation was evaluated against a multi-resistant population of Blattella germanica. The test site was an eight-story apartment building, with 150 individual apartments in Neratovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Conditions in the apartments included general disorder and an abund...

Chronic cockroach infestations, high cockroach allergen levels, and repeated insecticide use is a serious health concern among low-income residents living in multi-family housing. Surveys in 358 randomly selected apartments in Gary, Indiana in 2006 revealed that 30% of the apartments were infested w...

In the past years test systems for the evaluation of repellents, attractants and insecticides/acaricides have been developed and further refined in our laboratory. A standardized laboratory test system for the evaluation of tick repellents (Moving-Object (MO) Bioassay) has been extensively used with...

ncreased global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres have created special challenges for the pest management service industry: meeting customer needs while remaining economically competitive. While automated ...

When the fathers of public health were establishing the environmental health industry in the 19th century, there were five main problems facing them: poor housing conditions; inadequate pest control; a lack of proper drainage; polluted air quality; and an unwholesome supply of water. Today we have p...

Records show that the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.), was common in the early years of the 20th century, but in developed countries declined steadily from the 1930s onwards, and remained at a relatively low level through the 1970’s – 1990’s. However, in developed countries, there were nonetheless s...

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin 1912 and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin 1976 were tested against Periplaneta americana cockroach under laboratory conditions (1.1 x 106 conidia/cockroach, 24 ± 2°C and 50 ± 10% RH). The isolates tested against nymphs and adults ...

Twenty-six treatments were conducted using an integrated management approach to removing subterranean termite infestations from structures on the University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA campus. Termite infestations were identified by building occupants followed by an inspection, development of an act...

European Wasp, Vespula germanica (F.), was first noted in Tasmania in 1959, and in Victoria in 1977. It is now widespread over the cooler and wetter areas of the southern part of Australia. The Australian winters are mild, and whole nests can overwinter leading to high wasp populations in some place...

Survey on mosquito larvae and pupae were carried out in construction sites and drains in Penang, Malaysia. Species of mosquito larvae were identified from these two habitats. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegyptii were the dominant mosquito spp found in the construction sites. Different habitats during t...

American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), left undisturbed, often develop to enormous numbers and become major pests in sanitary sewers throughout much of the world. They are also domiciliary pests in many places, especially in southeast Asia. Moving from sewers, they often invade surroundin...

Rodents are one of the main health problems in the cities, especially in ports. These animals make economic damages and are potential health dangers in Bandar Abbas, the main economic southern port of Iran. In this study, rodents were captured with live traps using tomato, cucumber and cheese baits ...

All disasters have an impact on the health sector, whether due to the need to protect the population’s health during emergency situations and disasters. Availability and quality of the health information are very important, because they form the basis for understanding the fundamentals of health pol...

Rats ( Norway rat and roof rat ) and mice are commensal rodents, that is, they live in close association with human. Rodents cause numerous problems such as spread serious diseases, consume or contaminate food supply, carry ectoparasites which potentially spread diseases, start fires and cause great...

With respect to the technical, executive and ecological problems involved in residual spraying and along with changes occurred in Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Plan in malaria control, in present time, the strategy of using pyrethroid impregnated bed-nets has attracted the attention of the experts of WHO ...

Indoxacarb, with a novel mode of action, is in a new class of chemistry called Oxadiazines. The compound was registered in the United States in 1999 for agricultural uses and Dupont Professional Products is developing the compound for new uses in the Structural Pest Control industry. One of the firs...

A Musca domestica (L.) control method in final solid waste disposal areas (recycling and composting facility and waste transfer station) was developed. The application of two fly control products based on azamethiphos (Alfacron 10 Plus, a wettable powder containing 10% a.i. and Snip, a ready-to-use ...

A brief overview on the options for biological control of termites is presented. Many organisms have been identified as being able to kill termites. However, we do not know their real impact on field populations of termites. Research has focused on some entomopathogenic nematodes and the fungi Beauv...

Metaflumizone (proposed common name) is a high performance insecticide submitted for crop registration approval in the USA in 2004. Other key country registration submissions are expected to follow the USA application.Toxicological and environmental studies indicate that there is low risk to applica...

he biological activities of permethrin and deltamethrin silica mixtures were studied. The effect of silica mixture depended on insect sex and age, type of insecticide and the amounts of insecticide added to the silica. Only a very low amount of deltamethrin added to silica 0.1 mg/g gave KD50 or KD95...

The effectiveness of insecticide formulations for public health pests is the key towards the success of vector control programmes. Evaluation of the efficacy of the abovementioned insecticide formulations by independent research institutes is very important before it can be registered and commercial...

Termite control practices in South-East Asia differ in some important respects to those typically undertaken in USA, Japan and Australia. Whilst the basic principles are similar, differences in construction practices, type of building, termite species, and environmental conditions each contribute to...

In fly control, the development of new insecticidal compounds with oral action encourages the development of baits. Imidacloprid, which belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds, is most active when it is ingested and it is used in fly control as a granule for application as scatter bait (Qu...

Two spiders of possible medical importance in the Pacific Northwest were chosen for this study: the hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, male and female, and the black widow, Latrodectus hesperus, female. Three management strategies were investigated with chemicals applied to the substrate, spider webbi...

Indoxacarb is an EPA designated reduced risk insecticide. This study was to evaluate indoxacarb for its toxicity, non-repellency, and transmission as liquid termiticide against eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Toxic effectiveness and non-repellency were determined usin...

Application of insecticides to vegetation has become increasingly popular in mosquito control programs in recent years. However, there is very little data that addresses the efficacy of such treatments. This study evaluated the residual effectiveness of three pyrethroid formulations on vegetation ag...

Bait aversion has recently resurfaced, approximately six to ten years after the first known case of bait aversion (glucose aversion) was corrected. Anecdotal reports from Pest Management Professionals have indicated poor acceptance and control failures on commercial cockroach gel baits since late 19...

Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit are still major public health concerns in many countries in the tropics and subtropics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in man and animals. The use of chemical control agents is still the major forerunner in mosquito control strategies. Despi...

Five insecticide bait formulations have been evaluated for their attractiveness to adults of Brown-banded Cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) in laboratory trials. The gel formulations contained one of the following active ingredients (a.i.): hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, fipronil. Tests were carried...

Low-pressure vacuum applied to wood killed larvae of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus. Mortality resulted from whole-body dehydration in the vacuum environment. Larvae were placed individually into sections of southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.) with MC of 12% and 23%, and low-pressure vacuum wa...

The German cockroach is the most common cockroach found indoors, such as hospitals, homes, restaurants, etc. In hospitals, because of the presence of adequate food and living environment, they can develop into large population and live throughout the buildings. They can contaminate food with differe...

This study was carried out to determine the composition, distribution and abundance of arthropod fauna of an urban waste treatment plant near Milan, Italy, in order to identify some potential biological control agents for Diptera Muscidae. For five months, from June to October 2004, the arthropod fa...

A new and unique desiccant powder (N.I.C. 325) has proven effective in several large metropolitan areas in the United States for the control of a variety of urban pests including Cimex lectularius, Amblyomma americanum, Ctenocephalides felis, Recticulitermes flavipes and Coptotermes formosanus. The ...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is the most economically important structural pest in the New Orleans metro area, Louisiana, U.S.A.. In 1998, two significant projects were initiated to determine the effectiveness of area-wide subterranea...

The toxicity of granular ant bait formulations containing abamectin B1, orthoboric acid, or propoxur was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments against American, Periplaneta americana (L.), and German, Blattella germanica (L.), cockroaches. LT50 values for American cockroaches ranged from &...

Staphylinidae with 3000 species is one of the biggest families of Coleoptera. Paederus genus comprising 600 species are found in tropical and temperate climates. The majority of staphilinid beetles are predators of insect larvae and mites and nematodes and are regarded as biological agents to contro...

Cockroaches are one of the most significant risks to public health. They carry some diseases such as gastroenteritis, typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery, poliomyelitis and salmonella. They may also play an important role in asthma. Certain proteins which act as allergens in waste products and saliva of co...

The current study, in three methods, topical application, surface contact (WHO glass jar) method and toxic baits, was designed to investigate the relationship between permethrin German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) resistant strains and fipronil. Twelve German cockroach strains used in this s...

The management of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is critical to the economic well-being of the United States. Estimates of property damage, repairs, and control measures exceed U.S. $1 billion per year in the U.S., of which $500 million is incurred in Louisiana. In 1998, ...

Subterranean termites are wood structure destructor in both urban and agricultural sectors. Termite control comprises about 50% of the total business turnover of the pest control industry in Malaysia; which was estimated at RM40 million annually. Baiting is considered a rather new technique in Malay...

The genus Coptotermes is a member of the subfamily Coptotermitinae Holmgren of the family Rhinotermitidae. In Malaysia, Coptotermes travians was identified as the predominant termite pest (53%), followed by Coptoteremes curvignathus (28%). There are some complications on the taxonomic status of Copt...

The Pharaoh’s ant is one of the utmost cosmopolitan pest species in the world. Its notoriety in bacterial transmission at hospitals through sterilized apparatus makes it an even more burdensome pest. Over the years, many studies on the control of this species had been conducted. This includes the us...

Field studies on a personal insect repellent formulation based on essential oils from Australian native plants were carried out against mosquitoes and Biting midges in Cairns, Far North Queensland, Australia and against Bush flies, Musca vetustissima in Quinalow, South West Queensland, Australia. Th...

Coptotermes species subterranean termites are believed to have originated in Asia and have been transported around the world via infestations in the hulls of wooden boats and in lumber. Classification of Coptotermes species using morphological characters is difficult and complicated. This study repo...

This investigation was carried out in several different parts of Iran during 1998-2001. Out of 9799 female Anopheles captured by different methods, An. fluviatilis comprised 35.5%, An. dthali 30.3%, An. stephensi 29.4%, An. sergentii 4.6%, An. culicifacies, An. turkhudi and An. superpictus were 0.2%...

This descriptive survey studied comparison of malaria cases, epidemiological and entomological serves, insecticides used and mean temperature, relative humidity and amounts of rain fall in a ten year period (1994-2003).The most important species of anopheline vectors include: Anopheles stephensi, An...

Neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam share a common mode of action. They are agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the central nervous system. These insecticides are gaining widespread use for controlling urban insect pests in Russia. They are insecticide...

The feeding responses of three urban pest ant species, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) and Monomorium destructor (Jerdon) after being subjected to nutritional starvation and satiation (either for all nutrients, carbohydrate only, protein only or lipid only) were studied usin...

In recent years, different essential oils, distilled from various plant species, have been used to replace chemical pesticides. 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol) has been considered as insecticide; such active ingredient is present in a number of vegetal species and it reaches the greatest concentration in t...

The Monomorium orientale is a common pest ant species found infesting human structures. Although it is of relatively lower significance when compared with some other more predominant ant pests, its minute size makes invading human foodstuffs almost too effortless and thus, it is deemed a pesky nuisa...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) and the Smooth cockroach, Symploce pallens (Stephens) are important cosmopolitan household pests which infest hotels, restaurants and apartments. Coprophagy is defined as the behavior of fecal consumption. It plays an important role in providing nutrien...

Shape and characteristics in five domiciliary cockroach-feces Feces of domiciliary cockroaches often contaminate food or medicine packages. The presence of feces in foraging places is evidence of a cockroach infestation. The shape and other characteristics of feces differ among species. When they fe...

Brazil shows a high diversity of urban pest ants. Among its 2,000 recorded ant species, 20 to 30 species are urban ants (tramp species). Native and introduced species are found and are not equally distributed in its 27 states. Camponotus species are found in the five regions that divide the country ...

Mosquito mats with active ingredient d-allethrin (36 mg/mat) and prallethrin (15 mg/mat) were tested in the laboratory against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) using test method of the Standard and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia. Results indicated that KT50 values for d...

This study evaluated the effects of two commercially available products that have been used to supplement bait stations on feeding and tunneling behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. A bioassay was conducted to examine the effects of water-soluble chemicals e...

The insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (Sumilarv 0.5 G) at the rate of 0.01 mg a.i./L was applied to gem pits as well as river and stream bed pools as a part of a large scale trial in a gem mining area in Sri Lanka. The results indicated pyriproxyfen inhibited emergence of the primary malaria vec...

A number of previous studies have reported superior levels of efficacy for slow-acting, non-repellent toxicants in laboratory simulations against drywood termites, but very little research has been conducted in naturally infested wood. We utilized boards naturally infested with Cryptotermes brevis (...

The control of rats in the United Kingdom falls to various public and private sector organisations. Local authority environmental health departments do have certain legal duties related to the public health risks posed by rodents, but the way in which they meet these duties varies. This paper report...

Human vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever are a global health problem. These diseases affect millions of people in developed and undeveloped countries. Entomologists, biologists, and vector ecologists from North America and Europe share informat...

Rats on farms live in a stable environment that provides plenty of shelter and high-value food alternatives. Therefore rat control often fails, resulting in long-term infestations that are more difficult to control the longer they resist control attempts, resulting in the demand for professional str...

The need to progressively improve structural and urban pest-management training for state regulatory officials, pest-management professionals, and extension educators has led to the development and implementation of a limited number of university-based training schools in the United States. In Oklah...

During the last decades Methyl bromide was used to eradicate pests in artifacts in museums. But it is an ozone depletor and is classified as carcinogenic and will be banned in the future. Stimulated by this present regulatory pressure, we investigated Vikane* (= Sulfuryl fluoride) as a substitute fo...

Experimental gel and powder bait formulations containing 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% Indoxacarb were evaluated in a series of laboratory and field studies against the German cockroach,Blattella germanica (L.). Mortality was first determined in 18 by 31 by 10 cm plastic boxes with loosely fitting covers. Twe...

An efficiency of diflubenzuron, cyromazin, pyriproxypfen and methopren on the house fly populations were verified on the abundance of flies over 10 weeks in a pig delivery rooms and a calf houses. The larvicidal effectiveness of diflubenzuron was in range of 35-96 %. Cyromazin caused marked reductio...

The benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator (IGR) noviflumuron and the fast-acting insect neurotoxicant spinosad were field tested separately and in combination to determine efficacy against the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. Two separate trials were conducted in three se...

Most manufacturers warn applicators to avoid contaminating cockroach baits with conventional aerosol or liquid insecticides. However, at least one study has concluded that small amounts of insecticides do not affect bait performance. In this study we use mint oil, a relatively nontoxic — yet highly ...

The purpose of the survey was to characterize the baiting cycles for Sentricon* Termite Colony Elimination System (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, Indiana) for sites in Florida. A baiting cycle was defined as Recruit* II being applied for at least two months followed by at least two months without t...

The soil-applied termiticide, imidacloprid (Premise®, Hachikusan®) was registered for termite control in Japan in 1993. This non-repellent termiticide causes mortality in termites foraging near treated structures, and is transmissible to other termites not directly exposed to treated soil. A two-yea...

In the context of an integrated control strategy for house fly, Musca domestica, development within an urban solid waste treatment plant, tests were conducted to evaluate the sterilisation of M. domestica adultsby feeding them with Insect growth regulator (IGR) products commonly used for larvae cont...

Evaluations were made of Bayer Compound PNR342 imidacloprid granular bait at 0.5% a.i., as compared to methomyl (Golden Malrin) granular bait for control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Studies conducted included a laboratory caged study, bait trap evaluations in a commercial egglayer poultry f...

Subterfuge® termite bait contains 0.3% hydramethylnon in a wood-flour matrix. Hydramethylnon provides a delayed-action mortality that allows for transfer of lethal doses within the termite population, followed by a relatively rapid elimination of the termites. Subterfuge® is effective in controlling...

The basic principles of olfaction in mosquito-host interaction is presented using Aedes aegypti. Olfactometer bioassays investigated which compounds of the complex blend of human emanations play a role in the attraction, and which factors make some hosts more attractive than others. Beside L-(+)-lac...

A user-friendly database on Bancroftian Filariasis has been developed for its application in endemic zones. East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh are the endemic zones of the diseases where the complete information on vectors, vector transmission, and disease pattern has been collected....

Structure-infesting ants are an important group of insect pests in many parts of the world, particularly in residential premises, food outlets, and factories. In Malaysia, it is gradually becoming a major problem especially in urban settings (Lee et al., 1999; Lee and Robinson, 2001). Currently, ant...

In Louisiana, 115 chemicals are registered for use against red imported fire ants,Solenopsis invicta, and other pest ants such as Argentine ants, Linepithema humile. Yet citizens and pest control operators still struggle with adequate control of ant pests in homes, nursing facilities, hospitals, and...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is the most important cockroach pest in Russia. After WW II, the use of inorganic compounds — such as boric acid, sodium fluoride, and arsenic — for cockroach control decreased, and the use of organic insecticides — such as organochlorines, organophosp...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanusShiraki, is a serious pest in several parts of the world and is one of the most destructive insects in Louisiana, USA. A pilot test was begun in 1998 to determine the effectiveness of area-wide management on this insect and to reduce its densi...

The impacts of exotic rodent species, particularly the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the ship rat (Rattus rattus), and the house mouse (Mus musculus) on economic, production, health, and conservation values are widely recognised around the world. Developing strategies for the effective management ...

The Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) is one of the most destructive pests of trees in New Orleans, causing millions of dollars in damage each year. The termites tunnel into the trees, creating a network of galleries and voids, ultimately hollowing the interior of the tr...

The insecticide imidacloprid belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds and is most active against insects when ingested (Leicht, 1993; Londershausen, 1996). Its use in fly control is seen as an important area of application. An imidacloprid-based fly bait that could be selectively applied in...

The use of baits for the control of cockroaches in homes is now commonplace. To date, most bait studies have focused on the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L). However, in many parts of the world, especially the tropics, the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana(L), is a more common pest. ...

Stinging insects are among the most frequent and persistent pest problems at schools, parks, and similar locations. Responses for control are usually reactive and involve pesticides. During the past two years, IPM specialists from the New York State Community IPM Program and Cornell Cooperative Exte...

Eliminating termites from structures is a real-world battle that requires vigilance, knowhow, and the best tools available. Chlorfenapyr, the active ingredient in MYTHIC®, STEALTH®, and PHANTOM®, is unique among termiticides and belongs to a class of chemistry called “pyrroles”. Chlorfenapyr is non-...

Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)) were confined to sand of different pH levels, which was treated with either chlorpyrifos (10,000, 1,000, 100, or 10 ppm Dursban TC), imidacloprid (500, 50, 5, or 0.5 ppm Premise 2), fipronil (600, 60, 6, or 0.6 ppm Termidor), bifenthri...

The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), is a worldwide agricultural and urban pest of Mediterranean and subtropical climates. They often displace native ant species when introduced into new areas. The Argentine ant is a tramp species that easily adapts to new environments and lives in close as...

The odorous house ant, Tapinoma sessile (Say), is the principal ant invading structures in the mid-south region of the United States (Hedges, 1998) and is ranked as one of the top five pest ants in the United States (Hedges, 2000). The objective of this study was to determine which treatment, perime...

For more than 2 years, Bayer Corporation has worked with researchers and industry professionals to develop imidacloprid ant baits. Ant bait development has involved the input of many groups including research, marketing, formulation development, regulatory, packaging, and manufacturing. Imidacloprid...

High palatability is an essential requirement for ant baits. They should not exhibit repellency and the ingredients need to be acceptable to the ant species. Since various ant species react differently to ingredients such as solvents, preservatives, or food in a bait, the determination of the palata...

The impact of noviflumuron on whole colonies of Pharaoh’s ants,Monomorium pharaonis L., was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Large colonies (tens to several hundred queens, 0.5 to 2 grams brood, and 2,000+ workers contained in nine cm diameter by two cm high plastic Petri dishes w...

Speed of control in cockroach field trials with bait products often seems to vary inexplicably by region. An investigation was run on a variety of field strains to determine whether temperature and strain differences are factors involved in speed of performance. Regional strains from a variety of so...

IR3535 (Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate) is a repellent compound that has been shown to have activity against a range of biting and nuisance insects. In this study the efficacy of three Reckitt Benckiser Aerogard® formulations containing IR3535 were assessed. The formulations were: (1) Aerosol (20%...

A complex of synanthropic arthropoda that inhabit a variety of rural and urban localities is systemized depending on the different parameters. These include the type of harm caused by arthropoda to people, including: arthropoda that are vectors and agents of infectious diseases; arthropoda that caus...

The cryptic nature of native subterranean termites,Reticulitermes spp., has posed a serious problem for researchers desiring to study their biology and ecology. The nature of a colony and the parameters that define a subterranean colony have been the topic of recent debate. Some researchers have con...

The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, is an invasive species that is a serious agricultural, ecological, and urban pest. L. humile displaces native ant species and other arthropods, and also invades homes and other structures. Monomorium minimum, the little black ant, is also an urban pest that wil...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is a severe invasive urban pest species. Presumably native to China, this termite has been introduced to many areas of the world including Japan, Hawaii, and the U.S. mainland. Improved regulatory and remedial control of this pest species re...

Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), are a major urban pest species in many countries with Mediterranean and semi-tropical climates. L. humile primarily feeds on honeydew, nectar, and other liquid sweets. Baits consisting of sucrose solutions are highly preferred. Sucrose-based liquid solution...

Carpenter ants, Camponotusspp., are major structural pests as well as nuisance pests in northern areas of the United States, southern Canada, and northern Europe. Management tools have included cultural controls to modify habitats and foraging, dust applications to wall voids, perimeter sprays, bait...

A three-stage study was initiated to evaluate ways to use precision-targeting of insecticides for lone star tick (LST) control in Mississippi State parks. The first stage involved an evaluation of the residual effects of three commercially available pyrethroids against the LST, with the purpose of c...

Combining methods for cockroach control is often prevented by the perception that gel baits are easily contaminated by other insecticides. The objectives were to determine the ability of liquid and dust insecticides to contaminate a cockroach control bait. A gel bait (Maxforce, 2.15% hydramethylnon)...

The development of infestations of Musca domestica was evaluated in a factory for the treatment of urban solid undifferentiated waste over a period of one year and control strategies were implemented. The waste treatment produces a compost used for the improvement of agricultural soil. The factory, ...

Systematic Termite ControlSM (STC) is a program developed by FMC Corporation to provide the professional pest control industry with a new, integrated strategy for the control of subterranean termite populations. The objective of STC is structural protectio,n, i.e., to control termite activity within...

Pharaoh’s ants, Monomorium pharaonis, are one of the more difficult indoor pest ants to control. We studied if routine exterior monitoring and initiating baiting when infestations are incipient, will prevent infestations inside a building. The study was conducted at a 7,841 m2 two-level building wit...

Some strains of the hyphomycete fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, are highly virulent for various species of Australian termites. One of these, FI-610, has been selected for control of Coptotermes spp. and Nasutitermes exitiosus, and shown to kill mound and tree nests when sufficient dry conidia are a...

Periplaneta americana is a remarkable pest in urban environments. At present, it is the most common species in Valencia city keeping Blatta orientalis in a secondary position. Is is highly adaptable and, in favorable conditions, shows fast proliferation and dispersal. Special difficulties in its con...

Infestation with head lice, Pediculosis capitis, is a widespread, persistent and recurring problem amongst pre-school and school aged children. The problem poses no direct threat to health which may explain why such a physiologically distressing condition affecting millions of young children every y...

In this study, it is presented the integrated control strategies against mosquitoes, house fly and sand flies in Belek Tourism Center which is surrounded by Mediterranean in the south, Tahtali Mountains, the part of Toros Mountains in the north, Aksu River in the west and Koprucay River in the east,...

The regular and effective control of some synanthropic crawling insects as cockroaches and ants is unavoidable but due to the requirements of human health and environment protection, their elimination needs new concepts and methods. Cockroaches, first of all the German cockroach Blattella germanica ...

Periplaneta americana is one of the most important problems in Spanish Mediterranean Coast cities so, it must make periodic insecticide treatments in sewers of these cities. Most formulates that are using now for their control have relatively low persistance and this forces to increasing the treatme...

Cockroaches could represent one of the most important hygienic problems, since they can contaminate food with bacteria, transmit diseases and cause human allergies. For this reason, urban governments and food industries devote part of their balance to cover the cost of their control. One of the firs...

We evaluated the efficacy of the toxic (methomyl) baits with a sex pheromone, (Z)-9-tricosene, in controlling adults of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.). The poison bait was distributed on the carton Tables “Zwalcza muchy” in a form of color pattern and prints. Each table contained a shelf to col...

In Piedmont, water used in agriculture is one of the most important source of mosquitoes. For this reason more resources are used for the mosquito control. In particular in grazing meadows and rice field, genus Aedes mosquitoes can be controlled using B.t.i.. In rice field genus Culex and Anopheles ...

A survey of university entomology departments teaching urban and industrial pest management topics was conducted as was a survey of prominent and less prominent structural pest control companies. Universities were asked what topics they were teaching and the time devoted to each. Companies were aske...

The Pharaoh’s ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a widespread urban pest, being most common in large, heated buildings. Fipronil is a novel phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, effective against insects of urban importance including termites and cockroaches, being active by both oral...

Intragallery application of 0.23% or 0.5% spinosad (suspension concentrate, SC) resulted in 98-100% drywood termite mortality in a laboratory simulated gallery bioassay and significantly reduced drywood termite activity, as measured using an acoustic emissions detector (AED), in a comparative field ...

The phenomenon of autogeny has been well known in the Culex pipiens complex which consists of several physiological forms. Females of the autogenous form of Cx. pipiens are able to produce the first egg batch without a previous blood meal, whereas anautogenous females need a blood-meal for egg produ...

Turkey is the last country in the temperate climate zone on the edge of the European continent in which malaria is prevalent at endemic and occassionaly epidemic proportions. Turkey is 780,566 km2, 96.88 percent of which lies in Asia and the remaining 3.12 percent in Europe. Turkey-in-Europe divided...

House dust mites are one of the main reasons for allergies which makes an efficient control necessary. The commonly used compounds are pyrethrins, pyrethroids but also compounds as benzyl benzoate. Furthermore the acaricidal effects of some solvents (e.g. propylenglycol, diethylenglycolmonobutylethe...

The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate the risk of secondary poisoning in dogs after ingestion of rats poisoned by coumatetralyl (Racumin®), a multiple dose rodenticide, in the laboratory, and (b) to demonstrate the suitability of a Racumin bait for rat control in dogs’ boarding kennels by fi...

Fifteen randomly chosen flats in Ledeè n. S. were examined for the presence of house dust mites in 1997-98. Only one species, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, was found in one flat in a brick onefamily two-story house, 30 years old, 300 m above sea-level. This flat was therefore submitted to a detai...

Predictions for world human population trends predict exponential growth. The close relationship between commensal rodents and human populations suggests that the commensal rodent population may also increase exponentially, perhaps most dramatically in those areas which are least able to cope. The p...

Efficient control and eradication of Pharaoh’s ant is a difficult task for PCOs mostly due to the fact that several queens live in a nest, all of which can not be killed with traditional methods. PROTECT B Pharaoh’s ant killer bait is a special ready-to-use formulation that contains an insect growth...

Ants and subterranean termites are economically important insect pests in the urban environment. Managing populations of these pests through bait-toxicant control tactics is a viable option that requires a thorough understanding of their biology. The terminology used in describing a bait-toxicant co...

The food industry is undergoing major changes following the introduction, by law, of HACCP. Many food companies are going along the road of having their HACCP system externally verified/accredited/certified and, more commonly, are seeking Hygiene Accreditation which includes such pre-requisites as p...

The European Union has by Directive 93/43/EEC required that member states adopt the main principles of HACCP, (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points). HACCP is a total quality management system for food safety which if implemented fully would result in a minimal level of contamination of food. ...

Records of visits to 22,615 dwellings in the London Borough of Southwark, for period October 1993 to December 1998, were examined. Data were analysed for ghost ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fab.), pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis L.), house mice (Mus musculus L.) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus ...

This review concerns aspects of climatic and microclimatic effects on biology and pest status of synanthropic pest species. The number of medical and synanthropic pest species in an area parallels overall species richness and the pest faunas of tropics and subtropics are more abundant than the fauna...

The pest control industry has historically been driven by the developments of new and better chemistry. Equipment needs of the industry have traditionally lagged behind the needs of the industry - leaving pest control companies to often invent and modify their own equipment. With the effectiveness o...

Rigid board insulations, including polystyrenes, polyisocyanurates and others, are used as standard building materials. In the past decade problems developed with subterranean termites entering structures, undetected, when rigid board insulation was installed as a continuous sheet beginning below gr...

The paper deals with the application of user-friendly programs in mosquito control. Identification of Indian anopheline mosquitoes in malaria control operations is a paramount importance. The WHO monograph which describes the taxonomic data in the form of a pictorial key is generally difficult to un...

The distance and speed that workers of Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), dispersed food was determined by feeding colonies sucrose + red dye. The maximum distances that the dye was dispersed was 33, 48, and 54 m at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. The addition of 0.001% and 0.0001% fipron...

For over 50 years methyl bromide has been used in ever increasing quantities for broad-spectrum pest control and eradication. In dry food manufacturing its good penetrative properties both into commodities and into the structural complexities of buildings made it a very useful “blanket” eradication ...

Many historical sites in Italy suffer severe damages to wood structures, works of art and ancient books due to well established subterranean termite populations (Reticulitermes sp., R. lucifugus lucifugus, R. lucifugus corsicus). In six field tests, termite colonies were treated with a baiting proce...

Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) continues to be the number one urban pest in the arid southwest (USA). Demand by pest control operators and consumers regarding information on termiticides and bait technology remains high. The primary control mechanism continues to be liquid barriers, but bait technolog...

Rapid detection of American cockroaches by traps baited with Periplanone B, a synthetic sex pheromone of the American cockroach, was conducted in three sub-tropical cities, Okinawa (Japan), Taipei (Taiwan), and Honolulu (USA), and in a laboratory in Shizuoka, Japan. One night trapping with Periplano...

The control of bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) as well as pigeon ticks (Argas reflexus) in human dwellings is usually carried out by a treatment with residual insecticides/acaricides combined with special flushingout- preparations. As the hiding and breeding places of bed bugs and pigeon ticks can be sp...

There is an increasing trend to use insecticide impregnated bednets for major interventions in malaria programs today. Deltamethrin has proved to be one of the most effective insecticides for vector control, especially under varying climatic conditions, and is already the most widely used insecticid...

The recuperation of wetlands with high ecological value constitutes one of the major environmental goals of wildlife conservation authorities in the Region of Valencia. However, the recuperation of wetlands involves some problems such as the re-appearance of suitable habitats for the proliferation o...

Imidacloprid belongs to a new group of insecticides, the chlorinated nicotine derivatives. It has been shown to have activity against a range of pests including termites, aphids, fleas, beetles and thrips. A gel formulation has been developed for use against cockroaches and this study examined the e...

Atopic allergies, such as asthma, eczema and perennial rhinitis, have dramatically increased in industrialised countries. Most sufferers are sensitised to house dust mite allergens that have also risen in homes. House dust mites (HDM) possess enzymes, such as proteinases, to digest their exclusive d...

Following the failure of some applications against German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in France, questions have been raised as to the role, and level, that insecticide resistance may have played in these failures. To answer the question , samples of cockroaches were collected from two sites in...

Increasing concerns about the presence of storage mites in food, and their medical importance in domestic and occupational environments, have been addressed by the development at this laboratory of two new techniques. This poster outlines these techniques and presents examples of results obtained wh...

In Europe the Lyme disease spirochetes, B. burgdorferi s.l., are maintained naturally in enzootic cycles involving wildlife reservoirs, such as Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis, and ixodid tick vectors, primarily Ixodes ricinus. Although the disease is generally associated with fores...

In order to evaluate urban pollution effects on conifers and their pest insects, Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst seedlings were exposed to traffic emissions along two urban streets and a highway. The responses of the exposed seedlings as a host plant and those of spruce shoot aphid (Cinara pili...

The premise of the discussion presented here is that some of the traditional components of agricultural integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs are either not applicable or not practical for the urban environment. The overall goal of this discussion is t...

House flies Musca domestica (L.) are a nuisance to humans and animals and are potential vectors of pathogens. One of the methods to control flies is using attractive odours to lure them to a trap (Cossé and Baker, 1996). However, existing commercially available baits showed variable results (Browne,...

House flies belong probably among insects which are most frequently used in experimental studies of physiological, genetic and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The development of resistance is an example of microevolution caused by artificially induced change in the frequency of some selection ...

An experimental 2.15% imidacloprid-based gel bait containing »44% water was evaluated in laboratory and field studies against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). In continuous exposure tests, toxicity and presumably bait consumption varied with cockroach stage, deprivation of competitive...

Control of cockroach populations in urban environments is now very often performed with insecticides presented in food bait formulations. To be efficient, food baits must attract pests so that contact is made with the active substance and/or that it is ingested. Food baits may be less efficient for ...

A modified Ebeling choice box was designed to evaluate the repellency of moving ambient air to American, Periplaneta americana (L.), German, Blattella germanica (L.), and smokybrown, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), cockroaches using air velocities of 0 - 4.75 m/s. The modified choice box tested t...

German cockroaches occur in habitats that are generally warm and moist, and such abiotic conditions are also favorable for infection with entomopathogenic fungi. There is an increasing interest for the use of entomopathogens, particularly entomopathogenic fungi, for suppression of insect pests. We h...

Many synanthropic species of insects occur in households and other domestic situations. Some of these pests are very well known to inhabitants, e.g. ants, silverfish or cockroaches. While small insects, such as psocids, are often overlooked. Synanthropic species of psocids (especially from the gener...

Insecticide treatment of surfaces is a well proven technique for the control of insect pests in the urban environment. The aim of these applications is to leave a residual deposit of insecticide which remains lethal to the target insect for an extended period. However, the efficacy of these treatmen...

Recruit* AG is the above-ground baiting element of the Sentricon® Termite Colony Elimination System which is used to protect structures from termite infestation and damage. It is designed to be placed directly over active structural infestations of subterranean termites. Experience has shown that mu...

Fenthion (Tiguvon®, Bayer AG) is an effective insecticidal compound with a residual effect for the control of fleas in dogs and cats. Fenthion belongs to the organophosphorus group of compounds, which are inhibitors of cholinesterases and have a systemic effect. This effect can be observed within 4 ...

The aim of our investigation was to find out if predacious beetles are applicable for biological control of some soil pests in urban environment in Siberia. During the years 1992-1997 the distribution of epigeic and soil-inhabiting beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) , their biology and r...

Over the last decade there has been a steady growth in the use of insecticidal baits to control cockroaches, particularly since the development of slow-acting, non-repellent compounds such as hydramethylnon and, most recently, fipronil. These baits have become increasingly popular for a number of re...

Residual performance of a pyrethroid/chitin synthesis inhibitor (alpha-cypermethrin/flufenoxuron) suspension concentrate formulation on plywood panels against German cockroaches was examined in the laboratory for up to 6 months of aging using three evaluation methods (forced-contact, self-contact an...

During the early 1990s the Medical Entomology Centre, Cambridge, received an increasing number of reports from concerned health professionals of treatments against head lice failing to cure. Preliminary investigations showed some lice to have developed tolerance of pyrethroid insecticides. A series ...

Four insect repellent products, (1) Experimental Repellent Lotion (Bayrepel® 12%), (2) Experimental Repellent Cream (Bayrepel® 5%), (3) Off! Insect Repellent II® Aerosol (DEET 15%) and (4) Off! Skintastic II® Cream (DEET 7.5%) were evaluated simultaneously for their efficacy against vector and nuisa...

The long-term management of a population of Australian cockroaches, Periplaneta australasiae, causing serious damage to valuable plant species in a United Kingdom tropical plant house, was achieved using a juvenile hormone analogue. (S)-hydroprene was applied as a ULV cold mist every three or four m...

Observation carried out in increase in the number of all blood-sucking arthropods in Lithuania. The abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal vector for the Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) agents in three biggest towns of Lithuania was compared with the incidence of morbidity o...

Though much is known about cockroach baiting systems, that knowledge is highly compart-mentalised, reducing its utility. We advocate an integrated approach to the study of cockroach baiting, which focuses on the interactions among various food components, and readily integrates across behavioural, p...

In 1971-72 a large-scale, city-wide campain against Norway rat was carried out by Bábolna Bio in Budapest. The rat infestation rate of premises fell to an average level below 0.5%. Subsequently a complex maintenance program was undertaken. This comprised preventive and curative measures based on dat...

In 1993 the European Commission put forward a proposal for a mandatory authorisation scheme to cover the supply of biocides. The Directive aims to establish a single market in biocides and provide a high level of control for man and the environment by ensuring that requirements for authorisation are...

A sensor comprised of a wooden monitor on which a conductive circuit of silver particle emulsion was painted was placed in a monitoring/baiting station to detect foraging activity of the subterranean termite, Coptotermes havilandi Holmgren on Little Cayman. Sensor accuracy was 100% one month after i...

Trapping and monitoring experiments were conducted in the roof spaces of four buildings infested with deathwatch beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum de Geer (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Data from sticky traps and an ultra-violet insectocutor showed that adult deathwatch beetles were trapped during the months...

Participation at approved training seminars incurs costs and limits work availability for urban pest control company owners, supervisors, and service technicians. However, the continued need for training to properly control pests, and to acquire or renew a license forces pest control operators to co...

Insecticides of plant origin have been receiving attention in recent years to overcome the environmental hazards in using synthetic insecticides. Large numbers of plant samples have been screened for their insecticidal and/or repellent activities and a few of them have been found promising and their...

Pest control in urban environment can be carried out either sporadically or in a concentrated way, covering large areas. The efficacy of organized pest control programs comprising large parts of cities or even whole cities is far higher than the success of separate control works done by individual m...

Silica dusts with different physical properties were tested against the German cockroach Blattella germanica. The dusts varied in their effects on cockroach mortality according to their physical properties. Oil adsorption, pore volume and surface area were the most important characteristics while pa...

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) has been around for quite a long time but only now are its principles extended, by law, to all sectors of the food industry in Europe and many other parts of the World. It is a pro-active and cost effective system which, if properly implemented, can gua...

A new type of bait has been developed, aimed at control of pest insects, and tested successfully on the model insect Blattella germanica (L.) - the German cockroach. The active ingredient, termed a nutritional metabolism disrupter (NMD), is a non-toxic composition of the compounds oxypurinol and xan...

Determining termiticide performance has, historically, been conducted by assessing attack of wooden boards placed over treated soil. This method was developed by the USDA-FS Gulfport laboratory, and is referred to as the ground-board test. A modification of this involves pouring concrete over the tr...

Insect vector control has proved to be an effective method for reducing the transmission of disease-causing organisms to human populations in many tropical countries. A variety of methods have been employed to suppress vector populations, including the application of biological control agents and th...

Woodworm or furniture beetle Anobium punctatum can cause serious damage to wooden objects and the structural timber in buildings. In the light of recent evidence of the reduced incidence of this pest in museum objects and in buildings it is timely to re-examine the need for chemical treatments and a...

A formulation consisting of the pyrethroid insecticide alphacypermethrin and flufenoxuron, an acylurea insect growth regulator, has been shown to give effective and persistent control of cockroach infestations after a single treatment. Flufenoxuron is a new high performance residual insecticide for ...

Cockroaches settling down in various sanitary trade institutions, industrial establishments as well as in residential buildings may spread potential infectious diseases and allergy or - through their disgust provoking effect - may disturb people living or working there. As a consequence, regular con...

Microbial (bio) insecticides are products based on living micro-organisms which are pathogenic to insects. These micro-organisms have a long history of study and are considered to have great potential as pest control agents. However. in the past research has concentrated on pests of agriculture and,...

Environmental and health concerns have caused a radical change in the popular perception of chemical pest control methods. Governmental and environmental agencies seek to further limit the uses of chemicals in areas that have, till now, accepted them as routine treatments. As an example, the German ...

In the early spring Lasius niger may be a nuisance indoors. These ants often originate from nests right next to the foundation, below the house or sometimes even directly under the floor. The ants raise the humidity, which may result in severe damage to the woodwork, due to rot. The same applies to ...

Patented Film Forming Aqueous Spray Technology or 'FFAST' has been used to develop AquaPy, a water based product containing synergised pyrethrins for use in the control of public health and hygiene pests. This product is highly flexible and can be applied undiluted through Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spr...

Chronic, unacceptable, insecticide resistant German cockroach (Elartella germanica) populations exist in some of the U.S. Army's food service facilities We have conducted field trials using heat to control German cockroaches in food service facilities. The process used involved: caulking holes in wa...

Dry leaf petroleum ether crude extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms administered to the fifth instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: curiculinadae) and Corcyra cephalonica (Staint) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by a food treatment method inhibited growth and metamorphosis of ...

Records from a two year period from over 24,000 dwellings in the London Borough of Southwark were examined and infestations of German cockroaches, recorded by inspection and trapping, were analysed. Factors identified as possibly influencing infestation levels were block size and type of heating sys...

The housefly Musca domestica L. belongs to the most important hygiene pests world-wide - especially in livestock. Due to its fast development and high reproductive rate the housefly has developed severe resistance against commonly used insecticides. Sometimes resistance problems against new active i...

Spatial scale, from global and regional, through landscape down to habitat and microhabitat is a critical concept for both understanding pest- and threatened-insect biology. At the finer scale, there are some distinct influences and impacts on insect populations, some of these (e.g. open water butts...

Containerised insecticide bait products offer considerable advantages for control of urban crawling insect pests. However the differences in insecticide susceptibility and food preference between some pest species have resulted in a diversity of commercial bait products, each targeted at specific in...

The utility of pheromone enhanced ant baits was investigated using fire ants as the model organism. The enhanced bait consisted of hydramethylnon (active ingredient), soybean oil (phagostimulant and Ai solvent), defatted corn grit (carrier), and 'invictolide', a component of the fire ant queen recog...

Pest Management is an important environmental health function and the eradication of chronic pest infestations must be considered a priority in contributing to effective public health. This is especially true in a hospital environment where, in addition to aesthetic objections, the presence of infes...

Anoxia resulting from contained atmospheres of ~ 0 .1 % oxygen (1,000 ppm) was lethal to all stadia of a variety of insect pests commonly encountered in museums and other sensitive areas. Low % 02 in a closed system was achieved and maintained by displacement with gaseous nitrogen. The effect of ano...

The current situation concerning cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) presence and insecticide control was investigated in high-rise blocks of low-income flats in the French city of Rennes. The aim of this study was to analyse the results of professional cockroach insecticide treatments and to try t...

A study was initiated in the laboratory to compare the effects of spore dust and sawdust formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensisand B.sphaericus on immatures of laboratory and field samples of C. quinquefasciatus. Various types of ecological niches including cesspits, cement tanks and...

Field and laboratory studies were initiated in 1993 to investigate the effect(s) of specific insecticide use strategies on resistant populations of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Infestation levels were monitored using sticky traps, and these data formed the basis for the estimates of treatm...

Several issues were addressed which were thought to impact the performance of cockroach baits. These included responses to bait matrices such as speed-of-action, indirect toxicant uptake, physiological and behavioral resistance, and associative learning. Bait application approaches were also conside...

The current proposal for a EU Biocidal Products Directive aims to establish a single market in biocides that provides a high level of control for man and the environment by ensuring that requirements for authorisation of products are equal across all Member States. The UK Regulatory Authority welcom...

Inter-strain variation of German cockroaches in response to several commercial baits and their potential to develop resistance to the baits was investigated. Late instars were given a choice between the bait and an alternate food source (dog chow). Survivors were saved and choice tests repeated. Tes...

Multi-resistant strains of Blattella germanica are now common, and strategies for their continued control using conventional insecticides need to be devised rationally if long-term suppression of these nuisance insects is to be achieved. Newer insecticides such as growth regulators may have a role i...

Cockroach control in the Netherlands is carried out with the use of the synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin, cyfiuthrin or permethrin or of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. The German cockroach is the species most frequently found in buildings. There are some indications that resistance against inse...

The ability of Aprostocetus (Tetrastichus) hagenowii (Ratzeburg) to find oothecae in plumbing chases infested with American cockroaches was evaluated using different release strategies for six weeks. This pilot study used forty-three plumbing chases. Chases were assigned one of four treatments (rele...

A new class of chemistry, the fluorosulfonates, is being developed for the control of structural pests such as ants and termites. The novel bait chemistry has been found to be effective over a wide range of dose dependent concentrations over most structural pests. A brief review of the data is prese...

German cockroaches (Blattella germanica (L.)) are known to be susceptible to infection by the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapaue (Weiser) (Koehler el. al., 1992). Nematodes placed on moist filter paper in petri dishes (50 nematodes per cm2) killed all adult cockroaches after 3 days o...

This paper reviews the need for change in the techniques and materials that, until recently, have been the mainstays for dealing with insect infestation in homes, hospitals, food premises and other public buildings. Recent years have already seen the introduction of substantial changes including the...

Commercial bait products are becoming increasingly important for household and industrial pest control. The advantages of baits are widely acknowledged and include convenience and ease of use, discrete placement of the insecticide, reduced environmental contamination and minimal disruption to the cu...

Several types of Culigel@ superabsorbent polymers were evaluated as matrices for the controlled release and/or encapsulation of insect growth regulators, bacteria, or organophosphates for long-term control of immature mosquitoes or adult and immature cockroaches. Bioassays against mosquito larvae wi...

Insecticidal space sprays are widely and effectively used for control of insects in the urban environment. They are especially useful for flying insect control, be it for disease vector or nuisance pest, but space sprays can also be very effective for rapid control of crawling pests such as cockroac...

Three potential biological control organisms, a fungus Beauveria bassiana, a protozoan Thelohania solenopsis and a parasite, Solenopsis daguerrei are being evaluated in the field to suppress fire ant populations. All of these organisms have some detrimental effect on fire ants in the laboratory but ...

Mixed stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Acarus siro L. were placed inside, between and under 32kg sacks in a one tonne stack of bagged flour and exposed to 60% carbon dioxide in a fumigat...

A focal point for pest management programs is often limiting the amount of insecticide to the minimum level while still maintaining the maximum benefit for population reduction. With that in mind we conducted a field study in 28 homes to evaluate the efficacy of applying insecticide to habitats iden...

The distribution of cypermethrin (Demon@) affected by formulations and surfactants in a sandy loam soil was determined. Eight treatments consisted of Demon TC (25.3 % cypermethrin, emulsifiable concentrate) or Demon Wettable Powder (40.0% cypermethrin) with 0.25% A1 concentration mixed with or witho...

A number of species of carpet beetles (Anthrenus spp) that are household pests attack museum collections and can cause severe damage to natural history specimens, textiles and ethnographic objects. Many of the species such as the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci. have their origin in birds' ...

Emulsions of chemicals applied to the surface of seasoned softwoods results in a residue 1-3 mm below the surface, and can provide control of wood-infesting beetles. Borate compounds can be delivered to wood surfaces in sufficient quantities for subsequent diffusion to depths below the surface. The ...

German cockroach (Blattella germanica) control treatment history has rarely been accompanied by resistance monitoring in the field. Consequently, while cockroach 'resistance', receives much publicity, it is a fact that, to date, only a handful of complaints that are due to pyrethroid resistance, hav...

The small (1mrn long), wingless, psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (Psocoptera, Liposcelidae), is found throughout the world and is frequently a pest of farinaceous food stores. Since the early 1940's, when this insect was recorded for the first time in southern England, it has spread to ...

We recognise that insecticides must continue to play a major role in most control programmes against insect pests or vectors, particularly when there are emergencies which cannot wait for alternative means of control to be developed. We believe genetic methods should be given serious thought and inv...

No choice feeding tests, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) weekly survival and feeding on two bait toxicants was compared for sound sweetgum blocks and those decayed by Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. At 100 ppm, imidacloprid and sulfluramid showed promise for subterranean termite control. ...

In North America 20 species of Camponotus have been recorded as pest species causing either structural damage or occurring as nuisance species. Structurally damaging species are found in the subgenera: Camponotus. Tanaemyrmex, and Myrmothrix. Carpenter ants causing the most serious damage in eastern...