ICUP Proceedings Search

Qcide is a natural plant extract from a chemotype of Eucalyptus cloeziana that is being developed as an insecticide for a number of applications including control of flying insect pests. The primary active compound tasmanone, is a member of the beta-triketone class of compounds that occur in a numbe...

The clerids Korynetes caeruleus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Opilo domesticus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) naturally occur in buildings where they feed on the wood pest Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera, Ptinidea). Another prey of K. caeruleus in buildings is the wood-destroying insect Xestobium rufovillosum (C...

Behind every successful insect control product sold today is an idea that started in the mind of a trained Urban Entomologist. Among the attendees of the ICUP 2022 conference are numerous examples of Entomologists who's lab and field has allowed the creation of innovative and successful home insect ...

The massive presence of blackflies, mainly the anthropophilic Simulium erythrocephalum species in the surroundings of the city of Zaragoza, represents a problem of Public and Animal Health. This pest is responsible for the considerable increase of medical consultations in Primary Care due to insect ...

In order to bring a new insecticide product to market in Europe there is a requirement to register it under the Biocidal Products Regulations (PT 18). One part of the process in granting a registration requires the submission and acceptance of a dossier that includes evidence demonstrating the effic...

Dengue control in India relies heavily on chemical vector control. Treatment of breeding sites for immature mosquito stages is a common practice. Desert coolers appear to be one of the preferred breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes. Insect Growth Regulators like pyriproxyfen have been studied as an e...

Considering the ability of arthropods, to act as vectors of pathogens, an understanding of bacterial species associated with household arthropods and hence their significance to public health is also limited. This study aimed to investigate household arthropods in the United Kingdom, exploring their...

New technologies have the potential to transform Pest Control Operator techniques and to reduce environmental impact through a green revolution. Internet of Things (IoT)-based application development platforms have the potential to run Autonomous management tools capable of monitoring real-time even...

The asian hornet is an exotic invasive species according to the law 33/2015 of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, in the Iberian Peninsula. The first appointment of this insect occurs in 2010, in the Foral community of Navarra. Since its introduction, it has been colonizing a large part of the north...

Bed bug infestations are most likely to establish close to human resting and sleeping area. We took advantage of the stereotyped feeding behaviour of bed bugs and developed a diatomaceous earth (DE) loaded tape, Nattaro Safe (NS), to be installed between bed bug harbourage and feeding place. DE abso...

Pest control activity has evolved paradigmatically in recent years, as well as quality systems development. Our proposal is to collaborate directly with food safety, food loss reduction, equipment repair costs and even with the care of Environmental Health due to the presence of Insects Vectors of d...

During the summer of 2018 Madrid City Council received an unusual number of complaints related with insect bites near the Manzanares river. Consequently, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid performed a series of inspections at different points of the river. Which resulted in the verificat...

During the summer of 2018 Madrid City Council received an unusual number of complaints related with insect bites near the Manzanares river. Consequently, the Vector Control Department of Health Madrid performed a series of inspections at different points of the river. Which resulted in the verificat...

One of the biggest issues which can be found in livestock farms is related to the massive presence of infesting Diptera that causes health problems, disorder and performance loss. Knowing the flies behavior and their biological cycle is fundamental in order to be able to contrast them. Musca domesti...

It is of great economical importance to ascertain the efficacy of preservatives against wood decay organisms in order to extend wood products service life. However, due to environmental and health sanitary pressure, it is imperative to find environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic chemical ...

Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is a significant challenge affecting pest management professionals worldwide. The use of gel baits against German cockroaches has become a popular option in Asia. However, recently, there were anecdotal reports that the field ...

Silverfish (Lepisma saccarinum) are described as a pest to museum and paper objects and mainly occur in damp and humid conditions. They can damage paper, starchy materials, wall paper, but in some cases also insect collections and textiles. The firebrat (Thermobia domesticum) is also described in th...

The collection and identification of flying insects associated with a number of UK hospitals was undertaken, in order to classify and enumerate the insects found and establish their seasonality and location in such premises, therefore informing pest control measures. A total of 19,937 individual ins...

Pests in the home are a health risk because they can be reservoirs or mechanical vectors for several bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral disease agents. Other associated health risks are allergies and damage to building structure by gnawing. The aims of this study were to use a social cognitive m...

The invasive species brown marmorated stink bug, western conifer seed bug, harlequin ladybird and box tree moth all appeared in Switzerland within the last 10 years. While the first three species use buildings to over-winter and are a nuisance to home owners in autumn and spring when they enter or l...

The light emitting diode (LED) lamp market is predicted to experience massive growth over the next decade. Outside the domestic lighting sector there are a number of specialist uses for LED technology that have warranted research into specific frequencies of light emission. Ultra-violet (UV-A waveba...

In this paper the biological control of biscuit beetle (Stegobium paniceum) and spider beetle (Gibbium psylloides) found in different museums, historic buildings and a monastery library in Austria is described. Six case studies are presented where the insect pest monitoring with sticky blunder traps...

The control in the field of insect large geographical distribution as Periplaneta americana species, that is a mechanical vector of several pathogens to man, may be affected by genetic variability among their populations. They can be segregating, resulting in differences in susceptibility to the con...

From 2014 to 2016, in Moscow, Kaluga region, and Ural (Ekaterinburg) we have been monitored the susceptibility of male German cockroaches to topically applying 1μl insecticides of different structure. It was found that all cockroach populations are most resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, especial...

Monitoring of insect pest activity with the use of sticky blunder traps (sometimes with an attractant) is routinely carried out in the food industry and other businesses. Biscuit beetles (Stegobium paniceum) can be a significant pest but, there have been few commercially available species specific t...

Urban pest management in Spain, which involves prevention and control, corresponds to the municipalities. The data, key elements and conclusions of a continuous analysis of 10 years of the Madrid Municipality pest control program against sewer system cockroaches (Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta am...

Cockroaches (Blattodea) are important mechanical vectors for the transmission of many pathogens including bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses, and can contaminate food, water, and affect animals and humans. These pathogens can be carried in different parts of the cockroach body (legs, mouthparts)...

Under increase of pressure on nature, many organisms have adapted to a new environment and began an active attack on new ecosystems. Urbanized communities are part of the biosphere and live according to the fundamental laws of ecology. Urban green plantations having both alive and dead phytomass are...

Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...

Urban centres amplify both abiotic and biotic parameters favouring pest life history. In absence of natural enemies in urban areas, these parameters often are directly proportional to growth and population of these pests. Under the influence of climate change and global warming, these centres will a...

Currently pest control industries are having difficulties in controlling bed bugs, specifically in workers’ dormitories and residential houses. Survey of bed bug infestations across Peninsular Malaysia by collecting samples from residential houses, dormitories, hotels and motels and flats and apartm...

Heat treatment has been used to control stored food pests, bed bugs, cockroaches, and other household pests, and structural timber and wood pallets. The energy requirements for treating different materials, spaces, and timber require careful attention to maintaining a heat regimen and training of ap...

A unique mixture of polymeric compounds for effective control of various insect species was tested. When applied in a free form or mixed with insecticide formulation has provided quick and even spreading increasing the likelihood that the toxicant will be transferred by contact enhancing the bioavai...

Of the techniques used by pest control operators to control synanthropic cryptic insects and other arthropods such as German cockroaches, ants, bedbugs, and scorpions, the application of insecticides directly into cracks is one of the most commonly used methods. Three pesticide application equipment...

The controlled atmosphere (CA) principle is based on low-oxygen in combination with increased temperatures. CA treatments are commercially used world-wide and have gained acceptance from both governments and industries as the non-toxic fumigant technology for a variety of applications. As a pest con...

Cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide that belongs to the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides. The novel mode of action of cyantraniliprole depletes calcium from insect muscle, affecting muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventually death. We report the results of testing of two formu...

The aim of this work was to evaluated to a minimal dose and minimal lethal time of Fipronil and Hydramethylnone bait gel formulation at a concentration of 0.05 and 2.15%. The insects were food deprived during 24 hours and after confined individually with the respective dose of the gel, water and foo...

Periplaneta americana is a vector of various diseases and its control is usually done with chemical pesticides. However, this insect can be controlled with the use of entomopathogenic fungal formulations. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these control agents and also characterize sprays used i...

The control of the German cockroach Blattella germanica is a major challenge for Brazilian pest control operators (PCOs) due to their great capacity for reproduction and dispersal. The study described aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the insecticide Thiamethoxam (Optigard LT® 25% – Wettable Granule...

We investigated the seasonal abundance and flight activity of adult Limnophyes natalensis within a food industry. A total of 43,163 insects were automatically counted with a special light trap during the study period. The automatically counted numbers reflected the abundance of L. natalensis, becaus...

Whilst the reports of insecticide resistance are numerous, and many mechanisms of resistance have been studied, there has been less emphasis placed on developing and promoting Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) programmes to address this issue. It is argued that only through the implementation ...

This paper outlines the current status in Europe of Anobium punctatum and reviews its biology, environmental requirements and food sources. It will also review historic insecticidal treatment methods, their efficacy and the long term problems their residues may cause. It evaluates the efficacy of cu...

Control of the Anopheline vectors is the most effective approach to malaria control. Reductions in mortality and morbidity from malaria have been achieved through the use of pyrethroid treated bed nets, pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes threaten the effectiveness of this valuable intervention. Insecti...

The webbing clothes moth Tineola bisselliella is economically the most import pest on wool, fur, and feathers. The larvae cause damage in stores, museums and households. Infestation can be through import of infested material or by new infestations out of natural reservoirs. Natural reservoirs are be...

Standardized test methods by which the efficacies of conventional chemical wood preservatives against insects determine their toxic effects against larvae of wood boring beetles or their feeding prevention by termites. Although alternative control strategies to the application of biocides exist, suc...

Blattella germanica is a very important pest in homes, food service establishments and other structures in São Paulo city. The roach bait control is usually recommended. The aim this work was to evaluate the minimal dose of different active ingredients in bait commercial gel to B. germanica control....

Optimisation of performance of dry flowable powder formulations for control of crawling insect pests is known to involve control of particle size and effective distribution of active ingredient. Enhanced pick-up by the insect cuticle has been demonstrated through use of powder bearing an electrostat...

The growing urbanization process lead some organisms to rapidly set in the urban environment. These species, called synanthropic, can act as mechanical or biological vectors of microorganisms, and their occurrence represents a serious health risk. In Brazil, ants and cockroaches are the organisms mo...

Ants are social insects that can be found almost in every terrestrial environment around the world. As in natural environment, the artificial environments are excellent places to install nests, but when installed in human habitations they are considered urban pests, because of the inconvenience caus...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the knockdown effect and effectiveness of imidacloprid 21% + betacyfluthrin 10.5% to control bed bug in laboratory conditions. During the experiment the temperature was ± 2 27oC, relative humidity 66% ± 5 and photoperiod of 12 hours. Imidacloprid 21% + betacyf...

Arachnids are successful groups with a lifestyle based on predation, especially insects. The spiders have a body divided in two segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, have four pairs of legs, chelicerae and pedipalps. The Loxosceles spiders occur throughout the world, in Brazil were recorded eight...

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are key vectors of dengue and chikungunya. The status of the main emerging control technologies for these species which have reached open cage or field trial stages is reviewed: insecticide impregnated fabrics, lethal ovitraps, Mesocyclops, Wolbachia, densovirus an...

Blattella germanica is one of the most important urban pests in households, restaurants, storehouses, hospitals, supermarkets and food industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate lambdacyhalothrin residual (dose of 2,5mL/L water- Demand 10 CS) on surfaces of tiles, polished green slates and cem...

Periplaneta americana is broadly accepted as the major insect pest in the sewage systems of Spain. The environmental conditions of our country, especially in eastern and southern regions, let the populations of this insect develop to enormous numbers with the risk to become a sanitary problem. Commo...

Gel baits are easy to incorporate in pest management programs because they present properties like low toxicity, less environmental risk than sprays, easy handling and proved effectivity. Active ingredients, Fipronil and Imidacloprid, act through ingestion and contact as neurotoxics. Fipronil, a phe...

The biological characterization of resistance in laboratory is reported, along with an evaluation of the response of vector populations to methods of chemical control which are used on the routine executed in the Dengue Control .Data from the Monitoring Program demonstrated over time an increasing n...

The most common species of bed bugs in the world is Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758. This species prefers to feed on human blood and causes several health effects like skins rashes, psychological effects and allergic symptoms. In the developed world bed bugs were largely eradicated as pests in the ...

Homelessness is an increasing public health problem. Because of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare systems, homeless persons are exposed to many communicable infections. The pattern of life and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice. Body lice have ...

The housefly, Musca domestica L., is a synanthropic, endophilous, cosmopolitan fly, which has a propensity to breed in faecal matter, moves indiscriminately from filth to food and harbours pathogenic bacteria obtained from various unsanitary sources. M. domestica has been implicated in the transmiss...

Churches, museums, libraries and other cultural institutions often suffer from wood-boring insect attack, causing severe damage and losses to their property and collections. Frequently, these infestations are caused by either termites or the larvae of tiny wood-boring beetles. Most recently, there h...

Education has been enrolled as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, but in fact it should be more than that. Urban pests are so intrinsically related to human life and habits that we can always find where, when and how people (or costumers) can act helping to change urban pest p...

The preparative form of concentrated emulsion continues to enjoy the greatest demand among professionals conducting insecticide treatments. In comparison with a lot of concentrates in organic solvents, aqueous concentrates, which are not so widely represented in the market of insecticides, are simil...

Subterranean termites are widely known by their substantial damage in urban areas. Coptotermes gestroi is an alien species originated from Asia, introduced accidently in Brazil, where is responsible for severe economical impact. To reduce the use of insecticides in the termite management, some resea...

About 25% of mammal species in Brazil belong to Order Chiroptera. There are 174 described species. Bats present important functions within ecosystems, as pollination, seed dispersal and the population control of insects. The habitat fragmentation process, characterized by the continuing decline of n...

Unfamiliarity on the biology and behavior of termites and wood borers may end in legal courts. In order to understand the troubles caused by such unknowns, we conducted consultations in law libraries, among consumer defenders and at the website of Justice Court from the state of São Paulo. Also info...

The global climate is under control of factors having both earth and space origin. Global warming took place from XVII century till 1997. Then global cold snap began. It was accompanied by increase of weather instability. This dynamics had effect on global distribution of some animals including term...

Hospitals play an important role within a healthcare setting. The presence of arthropods in hospitals, like spiders, mites, bedbugs, mosquitoes, beetles, cockroaches, flies and ants, was reported in many studies. Besides its great epidemiological relevance, the presence of culicines that are potenti...

New bed bug control products, methods and Codes of Practices have been introduced, but it is likely that until we have a novel insecticide molecule and their formulations to which the bed bugs are fully susceptible, we cannot achieve appropriate results. Following a series of individual laboratory t...

Commercial ultra violet light traps for flying insect control are commonplace and provide an effective means of monitoring and providing reduction in populations of house flies (Musca domestica L) in cases where exclusion is difficult or impossible. Catch rate investigations were undertaken in labor...

Once common, infestations caused by these hematophagous insects practically disappeared at the 1950’s. However, its recurrence has been observed in several countries, including Brazil. This fact, although concerning, lacks deeper studies. The objective of this research was to describe bed bugs overr...

Wolbachia pipientis has been suggested to control insect vectors. In this context, studies on the prevalence and diversity of this bacterium in wild populations are relevant for future interventions. Here, we evaluated the diversity of two W. pipientis genes (ftsZ and wsp) and the prevalence of this...

Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator, a juvenile hormone analogue, widely used for the control of container and freshwater mosquito species throughout the world and is potent at very low levels. To date its use in natural brackish environments has been limited. In Australia the dominant nuisan...

This paper describes the results of an evaluation done on the buildings and trees at Nossa Senhora das Vitorias district, located in Maua, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in order to verify the biodeterioration caused by Heterotermes assu, an unusual subterranean termite, in which the records of infestations in ...

Introduction of exotic ants to Central Europe plays an increasing role for the last twenty years caused by the growing world trade and short transportation routes. Particularly tropical greenhouses offer ideal conditions for ant species with high temperature and humidity preferences and with ability...

The role of mosquitoes in transmission of infectious diseases is significant. Various formulations of insecticide products are used to control mosquitoes indoors: aerosols, electric heaters with cellulose mats, tablets or vials with a liquid, coils, sticks etc. Aerosol products are usually used agai...

Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides are frequently used for bed bug control. A baseline susceptibility study for commonly used insecticides was carried out with a susceptible C. lectularius laboratory strain. LD50-values against a susceptible strain in a contact bioassay format a...

The results about the analysis and characterization of several different anomalies induced on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae) by 2 commercial formulations widely used in the mosquitoes larvae control in Spain, Dimilin 25® and Sumilarv 10EC®, are presented. Tests and effect evaluation have been...

Cases of undesirable contacts of people with yellowjackets on the territory of European part of Russia have become much more frequent recently. The yellowjacket pest problem rises usually in natural habitats of these insects changed as a result of a human economic activity (countryside plots, campsi...

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is the most important ectoparasite in European egg production. The mites hide in cracks and crevices in the near vicinity of the resting places of the birds, coming out to feed mainly during the night. Large mite populations may cause anaemia or even death...

In 1999, the Master Pest Control Technician (MPCT) course was created at Clemson University, (USA: Clemson, South Carolina 29634) to provide training for general pest control technicians. The course was designed to provide detailed, practical instruction about household and structural pest control i...

The importance of termite (Isoptera) population for world ecology is based on: it is extremely populated order; this order increases its population during many years; these insects have a big importance because of destroying wood construction; the taxon has important effect on concentration of globa...

The main aim of this research has been to check the arthropod species present into dependences of the University of Valencia and to state its significance as pests. The study area takes in all the facilities of the University of Valencia. A total of 24 insect species, 1 myriapod and 1 crustacean hav...

Flights of chironomid midges have caused some problems for residents around water treatment works. The development of physical and biological control strategies against chironomid midges is needed because chemical control is not feasible in slow sand filter beds. In this study seasonal changes in th...

The house fly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common synanthropic insects in the world. It is known as mechanical carrier of various organisms that cause diseases of man. In many countries, house fly populations can quickly develop resistance to insecticides using to control them. At present...

Chronic cockroach infestations, high cockroach allergen levels, and repeated insecticide use is a serious health concern among low-income residents living in multi-family housing. Surveys in 358 randomly selected apartments in Gary, Indiana in 2006 revealed that 30% of the apartments were infested w...

Metaflumizone (proposed common name) is a high performance insecticide submitted for crop registration approval in the USA in 2004. Other key country registration submissions are expected to follow the USA application.Toxicological and environmental studies indicate that there is low risk to applica...

American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), left undisturbed, often develop to enormous numbers and become major pests in sanitary sewers throughout much of the world. They are also domiciliary pests in many places, especially in southeast Asia. Moving from sewers, they often invade surroundin...

Field studies on a personal insect repellent formulation based on essential oils from Australian native plants were carried out against mosquitoes and Biting midges in Cairns, Far North Queensland, Australia and against Bush flies, Musca vetustissima in Quinalow, South West Queensland, Australia. Th...

he biological activities of permethrin and deltamethrin silica mixtures were studied. The effect of silica mixture depended on insect sex and age, type of insecticide and the amounts of insecticide added to the silica. Only a very low amount of deltamethrin added to silica 0.1 mg/g gave KD50 or KD95...

The effectiveness of insecticide formulations for public health pests is the key towards the success of vector control programmes. Evaluation of the efficacy of the abovementioned insecticide formulations by independent research institutes is very important before it can be registered and commercial...

Neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam share a common mode of action. They are agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the central nervous system. These insecticides are gaining widespread use for controlling urban insect pests in Russia. They are insecticide...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a highly destructive invasive pest species in many tropical and subtropical regions. The survival of this termite is dependent on its gut microbes (protozoa and bacteria). Therefore, alternative strategies may be devised in the fu...

A new and unique desiccant powder (N.I.C. 325) has proven effective in several large metropolitan areas in the United States for the control of a variety of urban pests including Cimex lectularius, Amblyomma americanum, Ctenocephalides felis, Recticulitermes flavipes and Coptotermes formosanus. The ...

Cockroaches are one of the most significant risks to public health. They carry some diseases such as gastroenteritis, typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery, poliomyelitis and salmonella. They may also play an important role in asthma. Certain proteins which act as allergens in waste products and saliva of co...

This study was carried out to determine the composition, distribution and abundance of arthropod fauna of an urban waste treatment plant near Milan, Italy, in order to identify some potential biological control agents for Diptera Muscidae. For five months, from June to October 2004, the arthropod fa...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) and the Smooth cockroach, Symploce pallens (Stephens) are important cosmopolitan household pests which infest hotels, restaurants and apartments. Coprophagy is defined as the behavior of fecal consumption. It plays an important role in providing nutrien...

The Pharaoh’s ant is one of the utmost cosmopolitan pest species in the world. Its notoriety in bacterial transmission at hospitals through sterilized apparatus makes it an even more burdensome pest. Over the years, many studies on the control of this species had been conducted. This includes the us...

The German cockroach is the most common cockroach found indoors, such as hospitals, homes, restaurants, etc. In hospitals, because of the presence of adequate food and living environment, they can develop into large population and live throughout the buildings. They can contaminate food with differe...

Staphylinidae with 3000 species is one of the biggest families of Coleoptera. Paederus genus comprising 600 species are found in tropical and temperate climates. The majority of staphilinid beetles are predators of insect larvae and mites and nematodes and are regarded as biological agents to contro...

In recent years, different essential oils, distilled from various plant species, have been used to replace chemical pesticides. 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol) has been considered as insecticide; such active ingredient is present in a number of vegetal species and it reaches the greatest concentration in t...

Shape and characteristics in five domiciliary cockroach-feces Feces of domiciliary cockroaches often contaminate food or medicine packages. The presence of feces in foraging places is evidence of a cockroach infestation. The shape and other characteristics of feces differ among species. When they fe...

The insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (Sumilarv 0.5 G) at the rate of 0.01 mg a.i./L was applied to gem pits as well as river and stream bed pools as a part of a large scale trial in a gem mining area in Sri Lanka. The results indicated pyriproxyfen inhibited emergence of the primary malaria vec...

Sucrose intake rate and percent effort (a variable which describes the amount of energy an insect uses to feed on a liquid) was quantified for Solenopsis invicta Buren. In other words, how much energy does the insect gain and how much energy is lost in the feeding event? In order to understand this ...

Hexaflumuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor registered in the United States solely as a termite bait active ingredient. A benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator, with the proposed common name of noviflumuron, is being developed by Dow AgroSciences for use as the active ingredient in a termite b...

Stinging insects are among the most frequent and persistent pest problems at schools, parks, and similar locations. Responses for control are usually reactive and involve pesticides. During the past two years, IPM specialists from the New York State Community IPM Program and Cornell Cooperative Exte...

In the context of an integrated control strategy for house fly, Musca domestica, development within an urban solid waste treatment plant, tests were conducted to evaluate the sterilisation of M. domestica adultsby feeding them with Insect growth regulator (IGR) products commonly used for larvae cont...

An efficiency of diflubenzuron, cyromazin, pyriproxypfen and methopren on the house fly populations were verified on the abundance of flies over 10 weeks in a pig delivery rooms and a calf houses. The larvicidal effectiveness of diflubenzuron was in range of 35-96 %. Cyromazin caused marked reductio...

IR3535 (Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate) is a repellent compound that has been shown to have activity against a range of biting and nuisance insects. In this study the efficacy of three Reckitt Benckiser Aerogard® formulations containing IR3535 were assessed. The formulations were: (1) Aerosol (20%...

Insect light traps are an important aspect of modern fly control in commercial food handling establishments. Many design factors of light traps are evaluated in a paired laboratory testing method. The influence variables have on the results of paired laboratory testing methods is evaluated to illust...

During the last decades Methyl bromide was used to eradicate pests in artifacts in museums. But it is an ozone depletor and is classified as carcinogenic and will be banned in the future. Stimulated by this present regulatory pressure, we investigated Vikane* (= Sulfuryl fluoride) as a substitute fo...

The benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator (IGR) noviflumuron and the fast-acting insect neurotoxicant spinosad were field tested separately and in combination to determine efficacy against the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. Two separate trials were conducted in three se...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanusShiraki, is a serious pest in several parts of the world and is one of the most destructive insects in Louisiana, USA. A pilot test was begun in 1998 to determine the effectiveness of area-wide management on this insect and to reduce its densi...

The insecticide imidacloprid belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds and is most active against insects when ingested (Leicht, 1993; Londershausen, 1996). Its use in fly control is seen as an important area of application. An imidacloprid-based fly bait that could be selectively applied in...

Structure-infesting ants are an important group of insect pests in many parts of the world, particularly in residential premises, food outlets, and factories. In Malaysia, it is gradually becoming a major problem especially in urban settings (Lee et al., 1999; Lee and Robinson, 2001). Currently, ant...

The odorous house ant, Tapinoma sessile (Say), is the principal ant invading structures in the mid-south region of the United States (Hedges, 1998) and is ranked as one of the top five pest ants in the United States (Hedges, 2000). The objective of this study was to determine which treatment, perime...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is currently considered the most destructive insect in Louisiana. It attacks living trees eating the centers and constructing a carton nest within. Infested trees can serve as reservoirs for termites to in...

The data presented here addresses a new approach to the package evaluations which differs in all aspects from previous techniques except for the use of destructive sampling. Our evaluations are for a maximum period of a life-cycle of the challenging pest. By keeping the effect for their life stages ...

The regular and effective control of some synanthropic crawling insects as cockroaches and ants is unavoidable but due to the requirements of human health and environment protection, their elimination needs new concepts and methods. Cockroaches, first of all the German cockroach Blattella germanica ...

For over 50 years methyl bromide has been used in ever increasing quantities for broad-spectrum pest control and eradication. In dry food manufacturing its good penetrative properties both into commodities and into the structural complexities of buildings made it a very useful “blanket” eradication ...

Pharaoh’s ants, Monomorium pharaonis, are one of the more difficult indoor pest ants to control. We studied if routine exterior monitoring and initiating baiting when infestations are incipient, will prevent infestations inside a building. The study was conducted at a 7,841 m2 two-level building wit...

Four insect repellent products, (1) Experimental Repellent Lotion (Bayrepel® 12%), (2) Experimental Repellent Cream (Bayrepel® 5%), (3) Off! Insect Repellent II® Aerosol (DEET 15%) and (4) Off! Skintastic II® Cream (DEET 7.5%) were evaluated simultaneously for their efficacy against vector and nuisa...

Records of visits to 22,615 dwellings in the London Borough of Southwark, for period October 1993 to December 1998, were examined. Data were analysed for ghost ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fab.), pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis L.), house mice (Mus musculus L.) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus ...

The premise of the discussion presented here is that some of the traditional components of agricultural integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs are either not applicable or not practical for the urban environment. The overall goal of this discussion is t...

We evaluated the efficacy of the toxic (methomyl) baits with a sex pheromone, (Z)-9-tricosene, in controlling adults of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.). The poison bait was distributed on the carton Tables “Zwalcza muchy” in a form of color pattern and prints. Each table contained a shelf to col...

Infestation with head lice, Pediculosis capitis, is a widespread, persistent and recurring problem amongst pre-school and school aged children. The problem poses no direct threat to health which may explain why such a physiologically distressing condition affecting millions of young children every y...

Environmental alteration, habitat manipulation, introduction of predators appear as promising interventions for integrated mosquito management for Dhaka city. A survey of mosquito breeding grounds in 1994 showed 86.4% less larvae in drains with flowing water than stagnant drains, and 77.7% less in d...

Periplaneta americana is one of the most important problems in Spanish Mediterranean Coast cities so, it must make periodic insecticide treatments in sewers of these cities. Most formulates that are using now for their control have relatively low persistance and this forces to increasing the treatme...

The Pharaoh’s ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a widespread urban pest, being most common in large, heated buildings. Fipronil is a novel phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, effective against insects of urban importance including termites and cockroaches, being active by both oral...

Efficient control and eradication of Pharaoh’s ant is a difficult task for PCOs mostly due to the fact that several queens live in a nest, all of which can not be killed with traditional methods. PROTECT B Pharaoh’s ant killer bait is a special ready-to-use formulation that contains an insect growth...

Ants and subterranean termites are economically important insect pests in the urban environment. Managing populations of these pests through bait-toxicant control tactics is a viable option that requires a thorough understanding of their biology. The terminology used in describing a bait-toxicant co...

Insecticide treatment of surfaces is a well proven technique for the control of insect pests in the urban environment. The aim of these applications is to leave a residual deposit of insecticide which remains lethal to the target insect for an extended period. However, the efficacy of these treatmen...

The control of bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) as well as pigeon ticks (Argas reflexus) in human dwellings is usually carried out by a treatment with residual insecticides/acaricides combined with special flushingout- preparations. As the hiding and breeding places of bed bugs and pigeon ticks can be sp...

During the early 1990s the Medical Entomology Centre, Cambridge, received an increasing number of reports from concerned health professionals of treatments against head lice failing to cure. Preliminary investigations showed some lice to have developed tolerance of pyrethroid insecticides. A series ...

Many synanthropic species of insects occur in households and other domestic situations. Some of these pests are very well known to inhabitants, e.g. ants, silverfish or cockroaches. While small insects, such as psocids, are often overlooked. Synanthropic species of psocids (especially from the gener...

Over the last decade there has been a steady growth in the use of insecticidal baits to control cockroaches, particularly since the development of slow-acting, non-repellent compounds such as hydramethylnon and, most recently, fipronil. These baits have become increasingly popular for a number of re...

Increasing concerns about the presence of storage mites in food, and their medical importance in domestic and occupational environments, have been addressed by the development at this laboratory of two new techniques. This poster outlines these techniques and presents examples of results obtained wh...

In order to evaluate urban pollution effects on conifers and their pest insects, Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst seedlings were exposed to traffic emissions along two urban streets and a highway. The responses of the exposed seedlings as a host plant and those of spruce shoot aphid (Cinara pili...

Control of cockroach populations in urban environments is now very often performed with insecticides presented in food bait formulations. To be efficient, food baits must attract pests so that contact is made with the active substance and/or that it is ingested. Food baits may be less efficient for ...

The aim of our investigation was to find out if predacious beetles are applicable for biological control of some soil pests in urban environment in Siberia. During the years 1992-1997 the distribution of epigeic and soil-inhabiting beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) , their biology and r...

German cockroaches occur in habitats that are generally warm and moist, and such abiotic conditions are also favorable for infection with entomopathogenic fungi. There is an increasing interest for the use of entomopathogens, particularly entomopathogenic fungi, for suppression of insect pests. We h...

House flies Musca domestica (L.) are a nuisance to humans and animals and are potential vectors of pathogens. One of the methods to control flies is using attractive odours to lure them to a trap (Cossé and Baker, 1996). However, existing commercially available baits showed variable results (Browne,...

House flies belong probably among insects which are most frequently used in experimental studies of physiological, genetic and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The development of resistance is an example of microevolution caused by artificially induced change in the frequency of some selection ...

Demand CS® (lambda-cyhalothrin) has been designed specifically for use in urban pest management. The product is based on microencapsulation technology which encloses the liquid active ingredient in a polymer shell to provide protection against hostile environmental conditions. Electron microscopy an...

Control of insects by the consumer, within the home and around the perimeter to prevent pest invasion requires products that have certain key features. These include fast action, extended activity, low/no odor, no marking/staining of surfaces, and convenience of application. Current products that ar...

Urban entomology has grown dramatically in the last 25 years and has attained a disciplinary status within the entomological and pest management community. As urban centers have grown throughout the world, the importance of the control of arthropods and insects associated with humans and their struc...

At the National Reference Laboratory for Insect and Rodent Control at the National Institute of Public Health, there have been elaborated three methodical instructions concerning the regulation of populations of synanthropic rodents, feral cats, and urban pigeons. Up to the time of their publication...

The French Quarter of New Orleans is the site for a new national campaign against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, an exotic species that now infests 13 states. The campaign includes the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service, the Louisiana State Uni...

Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis, are significant pests associated with man and his environment. Chemical sprays are not ideal control methods if they cause the ants to disperse. There is a preference for bait treatments that provide a means to use ant biology to transfer slow-acting compounds int...

The utility of fipronil and perhaps other phenylpyrazoles for German cockroach, Blattella germanica, control may be affected by resistance to cyclodienes in field populations, because of cross resistance between these two classes of insecticides. Field populations of B. germanica were sampled for th...

A new type of bait has been developed, aimed at control of pest insects, and tested successfully on the model insect Blattella germanica (L.) - the German cockroach. The active ingredient, termed a nutritional metabolism disrupter (NMD), is a non-toxic composition of the compounds oxypurinol and xan...

Insect vector control has proved to be an effective method for reducing the transmission of disease-causing organisms to human populations in many tropical countries. A variety of methods have been employed to suppress vector populations, including the application of biological control agents and th...

Spatial scale, from global and regional, through landscape down to habitat and microhabitat is a critical concept for both understanding pest- and threatened-insect biology. At the finer scale, there are some distinct influences and impacts on insect populations, some of these (e.g. open water butts...

Sulfuryl fluoride is a gas fumigant mainly used for the control of structural and household insect pests. A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the fumigant on eight stored product pest insects (Sitophilus granarius, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium confusum. Stegobium p...

Patented Film Forming Aqueous Spray Technology or 'FFAST' has been used to develop AquaPy, a water based product containing synergised pyrethrins for use in the control of public health and hygiene pests. This product is highly flexible and can be applied undiluted through Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spr...

Anoxia resulting from contained atmospheres of ~ 0 .1 % oxygen (1,000 ppm) was lethal to all stadia of a variety of insect pests commonly encountered in museums and other sensitive areas. Low % 02 in a closed system was achieved and maintained by displacement with gaseous nitrogen. The effect of ano...

Pest control in urban environment can be carried out either sporadically or in a concentrated way, covering large areas. The efficacy of organized pest control programs comprising large parts of cities or even whole cities is far higher than the success of separate control works done by individual m...

A formulation consisting of the pyrethroid insecticide alphacypermethrin and flufenoxuron, an acylurea insect growth regulator, has been shown to give effective and persistent control of cockroach infestations after a single treatment. Flufenoxuron is a new high performance residual insecticide for ...

Microbial (bio) insecticides are products based on living micro-organisms which are pathogenic to insects. These micro-organisms have a long history of study and are considered to have great potential as pest control agents. However. in the past research has concentrated on pests of agriculture and,...

Cockroaches settling down in various sanitary trade institutions, industrial establishments as well as in residential buildings may spread potential infectious diseases and allergy or - through their disgust provoking effect - may disturb people living or working there. As a consequence, regular con...

Environmental and health concerns have caused a radical change in the popular perception of chemical pest control methods. Governmental and environmental agencies seek to further limit the uses of chemicals in areas that have, till now, accepted them as routine treatments. As an example, the German ...

Dry leaf petroleum ether crude extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms administered to the fifth instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: curiculinadae) and Corcyra cephalonica (Staint) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by a food treatment method inhibited growth and metamorphosis of ...

Chronic, unacceptable, insecticide resistant German cockroach (Elartella germanica) populations exist in some of the U.S. Army's food service facilities We have conducted field trials using heat to control German cockroaches in food service facilities. The process used involved: caulking holes in wa...

Containerised insecticide bait products offer considerable advantages for control of urban crawling insect pests. However the differences in insecticide susceptibility and food preference between some pest species have resulted in a diversity of commercial bait products, each targeted at specific in...

The housefly Musca domestica L. belongs to the most important hygiene pests world-wide - especially in livestock. Due to its fast development and high reproductive rate the housefly has developed severe resistance against commonly used insecticides. Sometimes resistance problems against new active i...

Pest Management is an important environmental health function and the eradication of chronic pest infestations must be considered a priority in contributing to effective public health. This is especially true in a hospital environment where, in addition to aesthetic objections, the presence of infes...

The European Earwig (Forficula auricularia) is considered to be a pest in urban gardens, and also of fruit, ornamentals and a contaminant in mechanically harvested fruit. However earwigs are also efficient predators of fruit pests such as aphids, mites, scale and insect eggs, and are probably exerti...

Laboratory comparisons of pyrethroid toxicities on a range of insect pests demonstrated greater kill activity than expected for the photolabile allethrin series compounds relative to other pyrethroids. Further investigation in chamber and warehouse trials confirmed the utility of S-bioallethrin in s...

The control of a population of Australian cockroaches, Periplaneta australasiae, causing serious damage to valuable plant species in a UK tropical plant house, was attempted using a combination of trapping and spraying with an insect growth regulator. After determining the degree and extent of infes...

Four simulated domestic environments were each infested with mixed populations (3,300 insects) of German cockroaches (Blattella germanica). The simulated domestic environments (containers) were maintained at 25°C and 45% r.h. and cockroaches were fed and watered ad lib. After an acclimation period o...

Cockroaches require relatively warm conditions and in the UK are mainly confined to buildings. These insects are capable of carrying food-poisoning bacteria and causing allergies. To avoid these adverse health effects the risk of cockroach infestations in buildings needs to be minimised. This paper ...

Insecticidal space sprays are widely and effectively used for control of insects in the urban environment. They are especially useful for flying insect control, be it for disease vector or nuisance pest, but space sprays can also be very effective for rapid control of crawling pests such as cockroac...

Pest control treatments in museums, galleries and historic collections have traditionally been reactive, in response to damage or insect pests being found. Where control treatments or prophylactic measures are taken the pesticides, adjuvants and caniers can themselves be damaging to historic materia...

This paper reviews the need for change in the techniques and materials that, until recently, have been the mainstays for dealing with insect infestation in homes, hospitals, food premises and other public buildings. Recent years have already seen the introduction of substantial changes including the...

Mixed stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Acarus siro L. were placed inside, between and under 32kg sacks in a one tonne stack of bagged flour and exposed to 60% carbon dioxide in a fumigat...

Multi-resistant strains of Blattella germanica are now common, and strategies for their continued control using conventional insecticides need to be devised rationally if long-term suppression of these nuisance insects is to be achieved. Newer insecticides such as growth regulators may have a role i...

In a laboratory study, groups of third instar Blatta orientalis nymphs were reared to adulthood in arenas containing fenoxycarb (48 mg ai/m2) treated ceramic or plywood tiles. The reproductive capacity of the emergent adults was assessed by pairing each individual with two untreated individuals of t...

Several types of Culigel@ superabsorbent polymers were evaluated as matrices for the controlled release and/or encapsulation of insect growth regulators, bacteria, or organophosphates for long-term control of immature mosquitoes or adult and immature cockroaches. Bioassays against mosquito larvae wi...

Commercial bait products are becoming increasingly important for household and industrial pest control. The advantages of baits are widely acknowledged and include convenience and ease of use, discrete placement of the insecticide, reduced environmental contamination and minimal disruption to the cu...

A number of species of carpet beetles (Anthrenus spp) that are household pests attack museum collections and can cause severe damage to natural history specimens, textiles and ethnographic objects. Many of the species such as the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci. have their origin in birds' ...

A focal point for pest management programs is often limiting the amount of insecticide to the minimum level while still maintaining the maximum benefit for population reduction. With that in mind we conducted a field study in 28 homes to evaluate the efficacy of applying insecticide to habitats iden...

The small (1mrn long), wingless, psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (Psocoptera, Liposcelidae), is found throughout the world and is frequently a pest of farinaceous food stores. Since the early 1940's, when this insect was recorded for the first time in southern England, it has spread to ...

We recognise that insecticides must continue to play a major role in most control programmes against insect pests or vectors, particularly when there are emergencies which cannot wait for alternative means of control to be developed. We believe genetic methods should be given serious thought and inv...

Global potential of sulfuryl fluoride (SF), S02F2, the active ingredient in Vikane* Gas Fumigant is being reexamined in light of recent regulatory pressures on competitive fumigants. Researchers in Europe and Japan are investigating the utility of SF as an alternative to Methyl Bromide for control o...

Two mixed-age (semi-natural) populations of the Oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis were established in identical artificial domestic environments contained in steel freight containers. Each population was allowed a 10 week period of acclimation, during which the populations were monitored using Ro...

Modem society has moved from an agricultural base to one that is urbanized. A majority of the world's population, in both developed and developing countries, lives in towns, cities, or large metropolitan areas. Urbanization can often lead to conditions of overcrowding, substandard or inadequate hous...

Currently 3 insect growth regulators either are or soon will be labelled as on-animal treatments to control fleas on pets and livestock. These chemicals, fenoxycarb, methoprene and pyriproxyfen are juvenile hormone mimics that disrupt embryonic and post-embryonic development when present during cert...