The Challenge of Controlling Arboviruses in Brazil

Abstract:
This paper discusses the challenges of the control of dengue and yellow fever in Brazil. Yellow fever, a vaccine preventable disease, has re-emerged in its sylvatic cycle, in regions of Brazil that were free of transmission for more than 60 years. Severe adverse events following vaccination limit the use of the vaccine. Dengue emerged in Brazil in 1986. It has since become hyperendemic. Control measures based on vector control seem to be ineffective. New tools are urgently needed to fight both arboviruses.