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The DDT, deltamethrin, and malathion susceptibilities of five tropical bed bug (Cimex hemipterus) strains, and their resistance mechanisms were investigated using synergism studies and detection of kdr mutations. All C. hemipterus strains showed high resistance to DDT and deltamethrin and moderate t...
Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria are shared between humans and animals but also the intra- and the inter-species exchange of resistance genes are common among bacteria. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have already been identified from sewage samples but there is little data regarding the potential rol...
Resistance to insecticides is one of the multiple factors related to sudden bed bug reemergence. In this work, we evaluated synthetic repellents and the attractant role of cuticular compounds as potential alternatives to conventional strategies used in pest control management. On the one hand, we fo...
Anticoagulant rodenticides are the most commonly used pesticides worldwide that inhibit blood coagulation by suppressing the activity of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Resistance to these compounds has been reported in multiple rodent populations in different countries, and numerous studies...
Suspend PolyZone is an insecticide with a unique formulation that contains a proprietary polymer that allows it to protect the active ingredient from weather, water runoff, and mechanical abrasion. This allows the product to leave behind residues that stay where they are applied and remain active in...
Biocidal products are necessary for the control of harmful urban pests to human or animal health and for the control of those that cause damage to natural or manufactured materials. Urban pests are mainly controlled by biocides from Product-type (PT) 8 (wood preservatives), PT14 (rodenticides), PT18...
Biocidal products are necessary for the control of harmful urban pests to human or animal health and for the control of those that cause damage to natural or manufactured materials. Urban pests are mainly controlled by biocides from Product-type (PT) 8 (wood preservatives), PT14 (rodenticides), PT18...
Several mutations in voltage gated sodium channel (NAv) have been identified in Aedes aegypti populations worldwide. The variations in the V1016I and F1534C are the most related to knockdown resistance to pyrethroids. A study was carried out to determine the frequency of V1016I and F1534C NAv by rea...
Stored product pests are not typically called urban pests, however because of urbanisation and the concentration in towns and cities of the population world-wide, silos and other types of grain warehouses and mills are also nearer to cities or are even built right into the cities. One of the greates...
Rodents are considered one of the animal pests with the greatest impact on agricultural production and public health. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), used as one of the most effective ways to control rodent populations worldwide. ARs inhibit the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKORC1) enzyme caus...
Combinations of bait and spray were tested against susceptible and field-collected German cockroaches, Blattella germanica. In exposure tests, residual deposits of all sprays were lethal to a susceptible strain, but pyrethrin and certain pyrethroid sprays were repellent in choice boxes. Indoxacarb b...
Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is a significant challenge affecting pest management professionals worldwide. The use of gel baits against German cockroaches has become a popular option in Asia. However, recently, there were anecdotal reports that the field ...
Due to the organic nature of its constituents, wood is subjected to deterioration by biological agents, including termites, with some of them being urban pests. This study aimed to evaluate the wood consumption of Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis a...
Cimex hemipterus is spreading to areas where only C. lectularius have been historically observed, such as the Middle East, North Australia, but also temperate regions like Russia. In Europe, until now mostly episodic observations of the species were known. We collected material from around 600 bed b...
BASF have developed a non-anticoagulant rodenticide soft bock bait, Selontra® (0.075 % cholecalciferol). In mammals, cholecalciferol toxicity causes death by hypercalcemia - the calcification of soft tissues such as heart, kidney, liver, stomach (inducing a stop-feeding effect). The resulting “stop-...
Alternatives to anticoagulants have presented limitations in their use and/or efficacy. BASF have developed a non-anticoagulant rodenticide bait containing cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). A beneficial feature of cholecalciferol is that it is effective against all anticoagulant resistant strains of rat...
One of the biggest issues which can be found in livestock farms is related to the massive presence of infesting Diptera that causes health problems, disorder and performance loss. Knowing the flies behavior and their biological cycle is fundamental in order to be able to contrast them. Musca domesti...
Assessment of the biocidal products against urban pests are based on robust methodologies, which are described in various European guidelines. The guidelines are regularly improved thanks to experience gained during biocidal product assessment, and European technical expert meetings. The objective i...
Aquatain AMF is a ready-to-use silicone-based liquid (polydimethylsiloxane – PDMS), easy to apply on the surface of standing and stagnant water. It prevents the development of mosquitos by forming an ultra-fine film over the water’s surface. This chemical is not considered a biocide under UE laws, a...
Qcide is a natural plant extract from a chemotype of Eucalyptus cloeziana that is being developed as an insecticide for a number of applications including control of flying insect pests. The primary active compound tasmanone, is a member of the beta-triketone class of compounds that occur in a numbe...
Transfluthrin is a volatile pyrethroid based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohol that is commonly present in household insecticides like coils, electric vaporizers or aerosols used mainly against mosquitoes. Deployed into the air Transfluthrin exerts short-term effects. Due to its molecular structure,...
Sustainability is the survival goal of humanity and IPM focuses on meeting our present day needs, without compromising the ability of Future generations to meet their needs. In our modern times of technological advancements and innovations has also seen resurgence of pest infestations that are havin...
Rats pose a significant problem to society (zoonotic diseases, severe property damage and food loss). The urban environment favors high population density, especially of the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Increasingly high infestation levels are observed, in particular where human presence is high (...
The World Health Organization will launch a Global Arbovirus Initiative soon. This Initiative focuses on Aedes-borne arboviral diseases and aims to strengthen the coordination, communication, capacity-building, and preparedness/response necessary to mitigate the growing risk of epidemics due to arbo...
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) is an important urban insect pest world-wide. Heavy reliance and frequent usage of residual insecticides have led to the development of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach. Bait formulations containing fipronil and indoxacarb are excellent re...
The development of resistance against insecticides, which are primarily used for bed bug (Cimex lectularius) control, is considered to one of the main reasons for the worldwide expansion of this pest. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of resistance and the mechanisms associated with a d...
To investigate insecticide resistance in modern field populations of bed bugs in Australia, a program to collect and screen field specimens was initiated. Thirty-five bed bug strains (a mixture that included both C. lectularius and C. hemipterus) were collected from across Australian and subsequentl...
One of the global problems of today is the insecticide resistance of the human louse Pediculus humanus L. to pyrethroids. The continuous application of pyrethroids (mostly, permethrin) resulted in the formation of local lice populations resistant to this group of insecticides. In the 2013-2015 body ...
Currently pest control industries are having difficulties in controlling bed bugs, specifically in workers’ dormitories and residential houses. Survey of bed bug infestations across Peninsular Malaysia by collecting samples from residential houses, dormitories, hotels and motels and flats and apartm...
Insecticide resistance can be defined as, a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. There have been large gains in t...
Three commercial rodenticide bait blocks were tested at a confined swine facility in Lafayette, Indiana to compare efficacy for control of the house mouse (Mus Musculus). The three products were Talon® Ultrablok rodenticide (brodifacoum 0.005%), Final® All-Weather Blox™ (brodifacoum 0.005%), and Con...
For the past 15 years bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, have been aggressively spreading across the United States and pushed professionals to create bed bug treatment protocols with voids in basic research on many control options. The first response to this problem was to use pesticides as the backbone t...
In recent years we have lost many rodenticide products, and seen increased regulatory restrictions on the way in which remaining products may be used. In the food industry, client-imposed restrictions further limit usage options. House mice (Mus domesticus) remain a major challenge to control, even ...
Dermatitis linearis is skin irritation resulting from contact with the hemolymph of rove beetles from the genus Paederus. Paederus neither bite nor sting, but accidental crushing on human skin causing the release of the toxin paederin. Massive outbreaks are frequently reported in tropical regions of...
From 2014 to 2016, in Moscow, Kaluga region, and Ural (Ekaterinburg) we have been monitored the susceptibility of male German cockroaches to topically applying 1μl insecticides of different structure. It was found that all cockroach populations are most resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, especial...
Having started working exclusively with bed bug infestations in 2005 and taking a unique science and fact lead approach to extermination we have always used the data produced in our work to refine the methods we use and to develop better processes. Initially focused on educational and raising unders...
Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...
Flavocide® is based on a beta-triketone molecule, flavesone, that is produced by synthetic chemical means. Flavesone exists in nature in a number of plant species but at low abundance. Initial testing suggests a unique mode of action with potential in addressing the increasing problem of resistance ...
The intrinsic activity of combinations of methoprene and chlorfluazuron and methoprene and fipronil was determined against larval cat fleas, Ctenochephalides felis (Bouché). Methoprene synergized the activity of the IGR chlorfluazuron and the adulticide fipronil. The LC50s of chlorfluazuron, fiproni...
Phenomenal of high egg reproduction when mortality risk rose is very common in mosquito. Yet, the presence of this reproduction advantage in insecticide resistance mosquito remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chlorpyrifos (CP) exposure on the oviposition and survival of Aedes ...
Gel bait treatments are widely used for cockroach control, in part because they are considered to be safer and more effective than other methods. However, commercially available baits are considered to have a limited range over which they can attract and, as a result, fail to lure cockroaches out of...
In this study, we examined the resistance status of six field-collected strains from Singapore to eight insecticides, as well as the resistance of the parental through F5 generations after they were selected with indoxacarb bait. All strains showed no resistance to acetamiprid (0.7–1.9x), imidaclopr...
The majority of body lice colonies examined in Moscow were permethrin resistant and susceptible to organophosphorus (fenthion, malathion) and neonicotinoid insecticides. Metabolic resistance of body lice to permethrin was investigated using synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributylphosphor...
Worldwide, there are many reports of pyrethroid resistance in bed bugs (Cimex spp.). Previous studies on the Common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., have identified two mutations (V419L and L925I) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr). However, noth...
Malaria is a global health challenge. Vector control remains the fundamental, central and critical component of prevention and control of malaria. Insecticides remain the mainstay in vector control for malaria prevention. Pyrethroids are currently the insecticides for adult vector control interventi...
Whilst the reports of insecticide resistance are numerous, and many mechanisms of resistance have been studied, there has been less emphasis placed on developing and promoting Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) programmes to address this issue. It is argued that only through the implementation ...
Insecticide resistance in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus F.) is a major factor in the pest’s resurgence. Various studies have demonstrated resistance to the pyrethroids, carbamates and the organophosphates. Resistance has been suspected in Australia, with anecdotal reports of poor ...
A unique mixture of polymeric compounds for effective control of various insect species was tested. When applied in a free form or mixed with insecticide formulation has provided quick and even spreading increasing the likelihood that the toxicant will be transferred by contact enhancing the bioavai...
Pyrethroid-resistance in bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, has been described in many countries, but up to now, for Germany no data are available. However, pest control companies increasingly report difficulties in controlling bed bugs with pyrethroids. In the present study four bed bug strains were coll...
Control of the Anopheline vectors is the most effective approach to malaria control. Reductions in mortality and morbidity from malaria have been achieved through the use of pyrethroid treated bed nets, pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes threaten the effectiveness of this valuable intervention. Insecti...
Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to different classes of insecticides including two synthetic pyrethroids owing to the continuous use in public health and sometimes in other sectors. Hence, there is need to develop alternative strategies including use of new insecticides with nove...
A genetic resistance to anticoagulants, and bait shyness, have made baited approaches to rodent management less effective. Baiting approaches rely on the rodent to consume the anticoagulant; however, there is no guarantee that effective amounts of the rodenticide will be ingested. The consequence of...
This poster will report on development of a new cockroach gel bait formulation based on the active ingredient clothianidin. We will review research conducted to establish a minimum effective concentration for clothianidin in the formulation that is necessary to kill cockroaches. A series of trials w...
Thermal control is one of the possible control methods for bedbug infestations. It is however often assessed controversially. This assessment is not always based on objective arguments and rarely on own, practical experiences. On the basis of practical trials and experiences from over 450 heat treat...
Contrary to recent news reports, the United States continues to be inundated with bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.). Based on a nationwide survey of pest professionals, infestations still are increasing. While most pervasive in residences, the bugs are becoming more common in schools, offices, public ...
Cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide that belongs to the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides. The novel mode of action of cyantraniliprole depletes calcium from insect muscle, affecting muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventually death. We report the results of testing of two formu...
The biological characterization of resistance in laboratory is reported, along with an evaluation of the response of vector populations to methods of chemical control which are used on the routine executed in the Dengue Control .Data from the Monitoring Program demonstrated over time an increasing n...
Homelessness is an increasing public health problem. Because of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare systems, homeless persons are exposed to many communicable infections. The pattern of life and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice. Body lice have ...
Cost effective methods are now available to identify physiological resistance in wild populations of Norway rat and House mice that are proving difficult to control. The new molecular methodology is a significant development for resistance management.
Currently, there is evidence of Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 populations from southern Bolivia and northern Argentina with high levels of resistance to pyrethroids. In this study we characterized the susceptibility levels of 37 Triatominae populations to deltamethrin. The bioassays were performed b...
The levels of susceptibility to a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) and an organophosphate (malathion) and metabolic enzyme activities of adult Periplaneta americana females from populations collected in three cities of south western Colombia (Cali, Popayan, and Buenaventura), were characterized by bottle b...
Populations of the common bed bug Cimexlecturaliusare undergoing a huge resurgence, but little is known about their patterns of spread and dispersal. We have begun to address this information gap by conducting population genetic studies of bed bug infestations in the U.S. using microsatellite marker...
The near absence of bed bugs from human dwellings for fifty or more years has left us with limited knowledge of its biology and few answers to eliminate populations. Research findings with relevance to global bed bug management are presented. Monitoring of spontaneous activity of bed bugs demonstrat...
The bed bug Cimex lectularius L. is blood-feeding parasite of humans, bats and different domestic animals. In the early 1990s, pest management professionals began to see an increase in beg bug infestations across the world. Now the bed bug problem is very important in many countries, however, in Rus...
The most common species of bed bugs in the world is Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758. This species prefers to feed on human blood and causes several health effects like skins rashes, psychological effects and allergic symptoms. In the developed world bed bugs were largely eradicated as pests in the ...
Mogi Guaçu is a city in southeastern Brazil with 140,000 inhabitants, where the epidemics of dengue are very recent. In 2001 there were only 14 cases, but the incidence increased in the recent years, reaching 566 cases in 2008 and only 21 cases in 2009 (atypical year). The Brateau index for the city...
Pests cause damage to humans since ancient times, not only because they represent risks to health through diseases, but also due to the damage they can cause in food storage by contaminating packaging, products and environments. The Sanitary Surveillance of Ribeirão Preto, adhering to the establishe...
New bed bug control products, methods and Codes of Practices have been introduced, but it is likely that until we have a novel insecticide molecule and their formulations to which the bed bugs are fully susceptible, we cannot achieve appropriate results. Following a series of individual laboratory t...
Efforts aimed at reducing a rodent population to an acceptable size must be proportional to how effectively the rodents resist damaging factors. There is a positive correlation between population complexity and resistance, which means that as many independent methods as possible must be devised to c...
The bed bug has had a longstanding relationship with low-income high-density housing. Proximity of dwellings, re-use of furniture, and control options limited by affordability, have all contributed to the continuation of this pest in such areas. The recent resurgence and spread of this pest may be a...
Global warming together with global trade and tourism gives foreign organisms a lot of opportunities to enter Europe and to find suitable habitats to establish. A number of these species already have a status as pests in their native countries and now start to be of major concern in Europe. A growin...
The house fly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common synanthropic insects in the world. It is known as mechanical carrier of various organisms that cause diseases of man. In many countries, house fly populations can quickly develop resistance to insecticides using to control them. At present...
A fipronil SC formulation was evaluated against a multi-resistant population of Blattella germanica. The test site was an eight-story apartment building, with 150 individual apartments in Neratovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Conditions in the apartments included general disorder and an abund...
At present actual presence of termite is not confirmed. Currently, for export shipments to more and more overseas and EU countries you can use only woodenware (wooden pallet, box, barrel, etc.) that underwent the so called quarantine and preventive treatments. According to ISPM 15 regulation, applic...
Laboratory testing of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LN’s) includes assessment of bio-efficacy and determination of insecticide retention after washings. The standard WHO washing method recommends the use of deionizded water with a hardness of 0 ppm (water without Ca++ and Mg++). In the cont...
Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator that affects the physiology of morphogenesis, reproduction and embryogenesis of insects. It exhibits a high level of activity against mosquito larvae inhibiting adult emergence at very low dose rates. It has low mammalian toxicity and environmental impact. ...
Natural pyrethrum and its synthetic analogues are among the most widely used insecticides in medical, veterinary and agricultural use. Low application rates, rapid knock-down and kill, range of duration of activity and good mammalian safety profile make them an active of choice in most domestic appl...
Widespread resistance to conventional residual neurotoxic insecticides such as pyrethroids is likely to be a major factor in bed bug infestations. To identify an insecticide with an alternative mode of action that is effective against the bed bug, the juvenile hormone analogue (S)-methoprene, was ev...
Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides are frequently used for bed bug control. A baseline susceptibility study for commonly used insecticides was carried out with a susceptible C. lectularius laboratory strain. LD50-values against a susceptible strain in a contact bioassay format a...
Based on historical data on the number of inquiries to the advisory service at the Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory we have tried to analyse the variation in bed bug infestations in Denmark since the 1950s. The bed bug problems in Denmark have gone from low levels in the 1950s, gradually increasin...
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., has made a rapid and unexpected comeback in the United States. In an online survey of 509 U.S. pest control firms, 91% encountered bed bugs in the past two years, whereas only 37% recalled seeing them five years ago. Perpetual movement of people, zero tolerance for...
There has been a movement away from relying solely on pesticides to solve indoor pest problems in response to public concerns over pesticide use, pesticide resistance, and the possibility that pesticide applications may contaminate the environment. Pesticides regardless of rating as highly toxic or ...
Plasmodium vivax reemerged in 1993 after a hiatus of 14 years and increased exponentially among South Korean military and civilian populations through 1998. With increased use of chemoprophylaxis by the South Korean military, malaria stabilized and then sharply decreased through 2004. Malaria cases ...
Insecticide resistance in insects is a well-documented phenomenon that is equally related to toxicology and evolutionary biology. Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach has a long history dating back over 60 years. Thus, the recent evolution of gel bait aversion resistance is but one example...
A new technology is described for in-field dipping of conventional mosquito nets for long lasting efficacy by adding a polymer binder to the deltamethrin treatment. Various polymer binders vary greatly in their ability to improve the retention of deltamethrin on the fiber and ensure resistance of th...
The German cockroach is the most common cockroach found indoors, such as hospitals, homes, restaurants, etc. In hospitals, because of the presence of adequate food and living environment, they can develop into large population and live throughout the buildings. They can contaminate food with differe...
The current study, in three methods, topical application, surface contact (WHO glass jar) method and toxic baits, was designed to investigate the relationship between permethrin German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) resistant strains and fipronil. Twelve German cockroach strains used in this s...
This descriptive survey studied comparison of malaria cases, epidemiological and entomological serves, insecticides used and mean temperature, relative humidity and amounts of rain fall in a ten year period (1994-2003).The most important species of anopheline vectors include: Anopheles stephensi, An...
The number of organisms living within urban biocenosis increases. Assimilation of urban biocenosis by pests is a process of microevolution. It has limits. Qualitative limits are determined by the Vavilov law. Study of close species adaptation, we may predict adaptive potencies of all families. e.g, ...
Papers discussing the rodenticidal effect of coumatetralyl on warfarin-resistant colonies of roof rat has not been published so far in Japan. The authors discussed the effects of bait formulation of coumatetralyl on warfarin-resistant and susceptible roof rat and the urban, wild roof rats caught in ...
Behavior is modulated by both learned and innate factors, and the heritability of behavior has been documented in several arthropod taxa. Certain behaviors have evolved following selection with toxicants. One such behavior that is adaptive to the German cockroach is glucose aversion, which is contro...
Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit are still major public health concerns in many countries in the tropics and subtropics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in man and animals. The use of chemical control agents is still the major forerunner in mosquito control strategies. Despi...
Metaflumizone (proposed common name) is a high performance insecticide submitted for crop registration approval in the USA in 2004. Other key country registration submissions are expected to follow the USA application.Toxicological and environmental studies indicate that there is low risk to applica...
In fly control, the development of new insecticidal compounds with oral action encourages the development of baits. Imidacloprid, which belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds, is most active when it is ingested and it is used in fly control as a granule for application as scatter bait (Qu...
This study compares statistical methodologies for the detection of low levels of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach. Results show that logistic regression and resistance ratios are relatively ineffective in distinguishing modest differences between strains, whether dose-mortality or time...
The resistance of the house fly to insecticides is a limiting factor for its control even in Slovakia, where more than 70% of flies are highly resistant to synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and lambdacyhalothrin), 66% of fly populations are highly resistant to bendiocarb...
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is the most important cockroach pest in Russia. After WW II, the use of inorganic compounds — such as boric acid, sodium fluoride, and arsenic — for cockroach control decreased, and the use of organic insecticides — such as organochlorines, organophosp...
The high level of resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides by German cockroaches is due to multiple factors, including the scheduled use of them, and isolated populations. Resistance in field populations have been observed in some Mexican strains, in which control failure with cyper...
Two aerosol insecticide compositions were investigated in laboratory conditions against a complex of synanthropic insects. Both compositions have high acute insecticidal activity and have a long residual effect on glass, but not on plywood. It is shown that the knockdown effect was reversible on ply...
Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has become common in field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), in the United States and elsewhere. Some populations are highly resistant to as many as eight or nine pyrethroids. The primary mechanisms of resistance are enzymatic degrad...
The utility of fipronil and perhaps other phenylpyrazoles for German cockroach, Blattella germanica, control may be affected by resistance to cyclodienes in field populations, because of cross resistance between these two classes of insecticides. Field populations of B. germanica were sampled for th...
Numerous studies have shown that German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), are often resistant to insecticides in settings where insecticides have been used extensively in the past. We have now examined resistance in German cockroaches collected in homes in which insecticide usage has been minim...
Twenty three strains of field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) collected from hotels and restaurants from various localities in peninsular Malaysia were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used insecticides (propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirim...
Following the failure of some applications against German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in France, questions have been raised as to the role, and level, that insecticide resistance may have played in these failures. To answer the question , samples of cockroaches were collected from two sites in...
Insecticide resistance problems have been recognised as an increasing problem in Europe as a consequence of both the accumulation of resistance mechanisms by some species and the greater diversity of arthropods becoming a pest problem. Arthropods of particular concern include public health and lives...
During the early 1990s the Medical Entomology Centre, Cambridge, received an increasing number of reports from concerned health professionals of treatments against head lice failing to cure. Preliminary investigations showed some lice to have developed tolerance of pyrethroid insecticides. A series ...
In the light of global warming and the predicted enlargment of chloroquine-resistant malaria -endemic areas, it has to be seen whether other alternate antimalarial drugs have effects similar to those of chloroquine in increase transmission. Compared to studies on antimalarial drugs and ability of th...
House flies belong probably among insects which are most frequently used in experimental studies of physiological, genetic and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The development of resistance is an example of microevolution caused by artificially induced change in the frequency of some selection ...
The premise of the discussion presented here is that some of the traditional components of agricultural integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs are either not applicable or not practical for the urban environment. The overall goal of this discussion is t...
Populations from Pskov region showed high resistance to trichlorphon and tolerance to pyrethroids. Moscow populations were high resistant to trichlorphon and to pyrethroids with different chemical structure (permethrin, cypermethrin and others) and tolerant to DDVP. Populations, that were high resis...
In 1994 evidence was obtained that insecticide resistance in head lice was spreading in the United Kingdom and other countries. The situation was not being managed correctly by the health authorities in UK for two reasons: primary health care workers adhered to rigid procedures regardless of the cha...
The data presented here addresses a new approach to the package evaluations which differs in all aspects from previous techniques except for the use of destructive sampling. Our evaluations are for a maximum period of a life-cycle of the challenging pest. By keeping the effect for their life stages ...
In 1996-97 response reactions of urban populations of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) collected in Moscow and Moscow were studied against long-term influence of industrial pollutants and insecticide press. Reaction on the industrial influence evaluated for fecundity and on the insecticide press for ...
This review concerns aspects of climatic and microclimatic effects on biology and pest status of synanthropic pest species. The number of medical and synanthropic pest species in an area parallels overall species richness and the pest faunas of tropics and subtropics are more abundant than the fauna...
Urban entomology has grown dramatically in the last 25 years and has attained a disciplinary status within the entomological and pest management community. As urban centers have grown throughout the world, the importance of the control of arthropods and insects associated with humans and their struc...
Swine production is an important component of North Carolina’s agricultural economy. Cockroaches have long been recognized as important pests in swine production and severe infestations may contribute significantly to disease maintenance and transmission. However, management of cockroach populations...
Infestation with head lice, Pediculosis capitis, is a widespread, persistent and recurring problem amongst pre-school and school aged children. The problem poses no direct threat to health which may explain why such a physiologically distressing condition affecting millions of young children every y...
Enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically used 3-5 days old imagoes M. domestica. Total esterases - by van Asperen method (substrate 1-naphthyl acetate), cholinesterase activity – by Ellmann method (subsrate acetylthiocholine iodide). Total acid phosphatase activity using 4-nitrophenylph...
Periplaneta americana is a remarkable pest in urban environments. At present, it is the most common species in Valencia city keeping Blatta orientalis in a secondary position. Is is highly adaptable and, in favorable conditions, shows fast proliferation and dispersal. Special difficulties in its con...
The regular and effective control of some synanthropic crawling insects as cockroaches and ants is unavoidable but due to the requirements of human health and environment protection, their elimination needs new concepts and methods. Cockroaches, first of all the German cockroach Blattella germanica ...
In this study, it is presented the integrated control strategies against mosquitoes, house fly and sand flies in Belek Tourism Center which is surrounded by Mediterranean in the south, Tahtali Mountains, the part of Toros Mountains in the north, Aksu River in the west and Koprucay River in the east,...
Inter-strain variation of German cockroaches in response to several commercial baits and their potential to develop resistance to the baits was investigated. Late instars were given a choice between the bait and an alternate food source (dog chow). Survivors were saved and choice tests repeated. Tes...
In a field population (RHA, Roanoke VA, USA) of Blattella germanica a decline in the efficacy of hydramethlynon has been documented for eight years. In 1987 >85% reduction of apartment infestations was achieved 4 wk after application, in 1990 reduction declined to 73%, and in 1995 reduction declined...
A large scale resistance management programme is currently being undertaken in Chiapas, Southern Mexico. this paper reports the baseline levels of resistance as detected by bioassays and biochemical assays in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus in the study area. A high level of resistance to DDT and l...
The housefly Musca domestica L. belongs to the most important hygiene pests world-wide - especially in livestock. Due to its fast development and high reproductive rate the housefly has developed severe resistance against commonly used insecticides. Sometimes resistance problems against new active i...
Mixtures of insecticides have been proposed as one tool for the management of insecticide resistance. The concept of mixtures relies on the hypothesis that organisms may be able to overcome a single toxicant but are unlikely to be able to overcome several independently acting toxicants. Mixtures hav...
A new type of bait has been developed, aimed at control of pest insects, and tested successfully on the model insect Blattella germanica (L.) - the German cockroach. The active ingredient, termed a nutritional metabolism disrupter (NMD), is a non-toxic composition of the compounds oxypurinol and xan...
Field and laboratory studies were initiated in 1993 to investigate the effect(s) of specific insecticide use strategies on resistant populations of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Infestation levels were monitored using sticky traps, and these data formed the basis for the estimates of treatm...
Several issues were addressed which were thought to impact the performance of cockroach baits. These included responses to bait matrices such as speed-of-action, indirect toxicant uptake, physiological and behavioral resistance, and associative learning. Bait application approaches were also conside...
Communities in Europe between 1986-88, guidelines for non-agricultural IPM were developed for the German Government. The implementation was partwise very successful. Selected experiences and observations with the implementation and suggested consequences are being presented: The major challenge is t...
Insect vector control has proved to be an effective method for reducing the transmission of disease-causing organisms to human populations in many tropical countries. A variety of methods have been employed to suppress vector populations, including the application of biological control agents and th...
A formulation consisting of the pyrethroid insecticide alphacypermethrin and flufenoxuron, an acylurea insect growth regulator, has been shown to give effective and persistent control of cockroach infestations after a single treatment. Flufenoxuron is a new high performance residual insecticide for ...
German cockroach (Blattella germanica) control treatment history has rarely been accompanied by resistance monitoring in the field. Consequently, while cockroach 'resistance', receives much publicity, it is a fact that, to date, only a handful of complaints that are due to pyrethroid resistance, hav...
Multi-resistant strains of Blattella germanica are now common, and strategies for their continued control using conventional insecticides need to be devised rationally if long-term suppression of these nuisance insects is to be achieved. Newer insecticides such as growth regulators may have a role i...
Elevation of esterase activity is the most common form of organophosphate resistance in the Culex pipiens complex. There are several electrophoretically distinguishable forms of esterase which can be elevated. Raymond et a1 (1991) have put forward the hypothesis that the most common form of elevatio...
Resistance to organochlorine, organophosphorous (OP) and carbamate insecticides in the German cockroach Blattella germanica has been documented for many years. In the past, significant bendiocarb resistance has been reported in the United Kingdom. More recently, resistance has been reported to the p...
Laboratory from 1987 to 1991. A screening of the insecticide resistance in B. germanica in some selected locations was conducted with permethrin using tarsal contact tests to estimate KT50, (/WHO/VBC/75.593). Based on these data more detailed measurement of the resistance in the German Cockroaches f...
Large modem poultry houses in Japan often experience serious fly problems. The house fly, Musca domestica and the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis are common in poultry houses from spring through fall. The house fly can be controlled effectively using chitin inhibitors but a resistance problem h...
During the first two days of laboratory trials, catches on sticky traps (Ekolex-V) of the German cockroach (Blarrella germmica) were higher than those of subsequent days. In the case of sexed groups of adults, catches of the first and second days ranged from 14.2 to 28.3%. Consecutive daily catches ...
We recognise that insecticides must continue to play a major role in most control programmes against insect pests or vectors, particularly when there are emergencies which cannot wait for alternative means of control to be developed. We believe genetic methods should be given serious thought and inv...
Commercial bait products are becoming increasingly important for household and industrial pest control. The advantages of baits are widely acknowledged and include convenience and ease of use, discrete placement of the insecticide, reduced environmental contamination and minimal disruption to the cu...
Cockroach control in the Netherlands is carried out with the use of the synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin, cyfiuthrin or permethrin or of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. The German cockroach is the species most frequently found in buildings. There are some indications that resistance against inse...