ICUP Proceedings Search

Together through their European industry association, A.I.S.E. (the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance products), the manufacturers of insecticides and repellents for household and professional use have joined forces in order to communicate to EU Authorities (ECHA, Europ...

In this study we aim to determine the lethal and residual effect of a dual-action insecticide coating (INESFLY SATIS) applied in the interior parts of water tanks on Aedes aegypti under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Contact with treated surfaces during oviposition targets gravid females’ lon...

Resistance to insecticides is one of the multiple factors related to sudden bed bug reemergence. In this work, we evaluated synthetic repellents and the attractant role of cuticular compounds as potential alternatives to conventional strategies used in pest control management. On the one hand, we fo...

Suspend PolyZone is an insecticide with a unique formulation that contains a proprietary polymer that allows it to protect the active ingredient from weather, water runoff, and mechanical abrasion. This allows the product to leave behind residues that stay where they are applied and remain active in...

The residual effect of an insecticide is directly related to its formulation, active ingredient and application rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 distinct commercial insecticides products against Blattella germanica nymphs during the following six months after their...

Bed bugs were evaluated in the laboratory to determine the effects of varying feeding regimens and environmental conditions on their susceptibility to two commercial products containing chlorfenapyr, Phantom® II Aerosol and Phantom® SC Insecticide. In the first study, bed bugs were reared under four...

Qcide is a natural plant extract from a chemotype of Eucalyptus cloeziana that is being developed as an insecticide for a number of applications including control of flying insect pests. The primary active compound tasmanone, is a member of the beta-triketone class of compounds that occur in a numbe...

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes becomes a serious public health problem in numerous regions with increasing worldwide cases of dengue, zika and chikungunya infections. The absence of effective vaccines leads the prevention of these diseases to be focused on vector control activities. The...

In order to bring a new insecticide product to market in Europe there is a requirement to register it under the Biocidal Products Regulations (PT 18). One part of the process in granting a registration requires the submission and acceptance of a dossier that includes evidence demonstrating the effic...

Peridomestic cockroaches require control strategies adopted to their behaviour and habitats. American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and Oriental cockroaches (Blatta orientalis) are often found in sewer systems which are appropriate places for insecticide treatments. New advanced paint formulat...

Cockroaches are of the great importance in public health. Blattella germanica is the main specie that infests commercial kitchens and industrial kitchens, due to conditions for their development. One of the methods to control B. germanica is the use of insecticides in the gel bait formulation. The o...

Transfluthrin is a volatile pyrethroid based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohol that is commonly present in household insecticides like coils, electric vaporizers or aerosols used mainly against mosquitoes. Deployed into the air Transfluthrin exerts short-term effects. Due to its molecular structure,...

This study aimed to assess the records and experience of Integrated Pest Control and Management Companies in Colombia and Spain to contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of bed bug infestations in both countries. To accomplish this objective, a confidential 27-question questionnaire, designed u...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sub-lethal dose effect of deltamethrin on the reproduction of resistant male C. lectularius. The deltamethrin-based product Suspend Polyzone (4.75% deltamethrin, 95.25% other ingredients; Bayer Environmental Science) was applied to 10.16 cm2 raw wood panels ...

Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is a significant challenge affecting pest management professionals worldwide. The use of gel baits against German cockroaches has become a popular option in Asia. However, recently, there were anecdotal reports that the field ...

The DDT, deltamethrin, and malathion susceptibilities of five tropical bed bug (Cimex hemipterus) strains, and their resistance mechanisms were investigated using synergism studies and detection of kdr mutations. All C. hemipterus strains showed high resistance to DDT and deltamethrin and moderate t...

Wood samples from spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) even in dry state are susceptible to biological degradation. Preservation against insects, termites in exposed conditions is conventionally achieved by impregnating the wood with pesticides applied in professional processes. Solution...

Stored product pests are not typically called urban pests, however because of urbanisation and the concentration in towns and cities of the population world-wide, silos and other types of grain warehouses and mills are also nearer to cities or are even built right into the cities. One of the greates...

Cimex hemipterus is spreading to areas where only C. lectularius have been historically observed, such as the Middle East, North Australia, but also temperate regions like Russia. In Europe, until now mostly episodic observations of the species were known. We collected material from around 600 bed b...

It is of great economical importance to ascertain the efficacy of preservatives against wood decay organisms in order to extend wood products service life. However, due to environmental and health sanitary pressure, it is imperative to find environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic chemical ...

Assessment of the biocidal products against urban pests are based on robust methodologies, which are described in various European guidelines. The guidelines are regularly improved thanks to experience gained during biocidal product assessment, and European technical expert meetings. The objective i...

Biocidal products are necessary for the control of harmful urban pests to human or animal health and for the control of those that cause damage to natural or manufactured materials. Urban pests are mainly controlled by biocides from Product-type (PT) 8 (wood preservatives), PT14 (rodenticides), PT18...

Vector-borne diseases have increased in importance becoming a human health concern at global level. For many of these diseases no vaccines are available, then, the personal protection products and the vector control programs will remain essential tools for protection against transmission. In Europe,...

Biocidal products are necessary for the control of harmful urban pests to human or animal health and for the control of those that cause damage to natural or manufactured materials. Urban pests are mainly controlled by biocides from Product-type (PT) 8 (wood preservatives), PT14 (rodenticides), PT18...

Dengue control in India relies heavily on chemical vector control. Treatment of breeding sites for immature mosquito stages is a common practice. Desert coolers appear to be one of the preferred breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes. Insect Growth Regulators like pyriproxyfen have been studied as an e...

Two new technologies (spray with a pheromone adjuvant + biodegradable hydrogel bait delivery method) were used to develop a unique IPM protocol for Argentine ant at urban structural settings. The IPM protocol included a one-time perimeter treatment with 0.03% fipronil (mixed with a pheromone adjuvan...

The World Health Organization will launch a Global Arbovirus Initiative soon. This Initiative focuses on Aedes-borne arboviral diseases and aims to strengthen the coordination, communication, capacity-building, and preparedness/response necessary to mitigate the growing risk of epidemics due to arbo...

This study reviews the bed bug management programme in place across a sample of >500 hotels in the United Kingdom, just prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. In these hotels, regular bed bug detection was carried out by housekeepers, while a professional canine bed bug detection team was used to inspec...

This is the first reported study on efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume (ULV) application of an adulticide using a small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) in the United States. Imperium™ Insecticide (Bayer CropScience LP), containing the active ingredient (AI) deltamethrin, is the only Type II pyrethroi...

Currently pest control industries are having difficulties in controlling bed bugs, specifically in workers’ dormitories and residential houses. Survey of bed bug infestations across Peninsular Malaysia by collecting samples from residential houses, dormitories, hotels and motels and flats and apartm...

To investigate insecticide resistance in modern field populations of bed bugs in Australia, a program to collect and screen field specimens was initiated. Thirty-five bed bug strains (a mixture that included both C. lectularius and C. hemipterus) were collected from across Australian and subsequentl...

The Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB Catalan acronym) is in charge of the surveillance and control of pests, such as cockroaches, in public areas and sewage system of the City. As in other Mediterranean cities, Periplaneta americana has colonized the sewage system of Barcelona in last years, ...

Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...

The residual effect of an insecticide is directly related to its formulation, active ingredient and application rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 distinct commercial insecticides products against Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana during the following six...

Flavocide® is based on a beta-triketone molecule, flavesone, that is produced by synthetic chemical means. Flavesone exists in nature in a number of plant species but at low abundance. Initial testing suggests a unique mode of action with potential in addressing the increasing problem of resistance ...

Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica are pests of great importance in urban areas, mainly due to their role as vectors of pathogens and capability of causing allergies. The interspecific differences between these cockroaches can lead to different results in their control. No chemical (liqui...

Aedes aegypti was first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union in Batumi as an introduced species in 1911. High numbers of these mosquitoes have been recorded on the Black Sea coast from Sukhumi to Batumi. Since 1950s, these mosquitoes are not detected in this region (Cherkasskyi, 20...

The applicability of entomopathogenic fungi for Periplaneta americana’s control in urban sewage is still not well studied, even though its importance as an urban pest capable of disease dissemination being a constant. Females have an important role on dissemination of the species due to their ovipos...

Insecticide resistance can be defined as, a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. There have been large gains in t...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) is an important urban insect pest world-wide. Heavy reliance and frequent usage of residual insecticides have led to the development of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach. Bait formulations containing fipronil and indoxacarb are excellent re...

Dermatitis linearis is skin irritation resulting from contact with the hemolymph of rove beetles from the genus Paederus. Paederus neither bite nor sting, but accidental crushing on human skin causing the release of the toxin paederin. Massive outbreaks are frequently reported in tropical regions of...

From 2014 to 2016, in Moscow, Kaluga region, and Ural (Ekaterinburg) we have been monitored the susceptibility of male German cockroaches to topically applying 1μl insecticides of different structure. It was found that all cockroach populations are most resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, especial...

One of the global problems of today is the insecticide resistance of the human louse Pediculus humanus L. to pyrethroids. The continuous application of pyrethroids (mostly, permethrin) resulted in the formation of local lice populations resistant to this group of insecticides. In the 2013-2015 body ...

Having started working exclusively with bed bug infestations in 2005 and taking a unique science and fact lead approach to extermination we have always used the data produced in our work to refine the methods we use and to develop better processes. Initially focused on educational and raising unders...

The control of Blattella germanica represents a major challenge for Brazilian PCOs (Pest Control Operators), due to their great capacity for reproduction and dispersal on tropical weather environments. Several gel bait insecticides have been developed and sold in Brazil, during the past few years, f...

Urban pest management in Spain, which involves prevention and control, corresponds to the municipalities. The data, key elements and conclusions of a continuous analysis of 10 years of the Madrid Municipality pest control program against sewer system cockroaches (Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta am...

Phenomenal of high egg reproduction when mortality risk rose is very common in mosquito. Yet, the presence of this reproduction advantage in insecticide resistance mosquito remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chlorpyrifos (CP) exposure on the oviposition and survival of Aedes ...

Present study was carried out to test the residual activity of deltamethrin EC 1.5%, K-Othrine EC 1.5% and deltamethrin WP 5% under laboratory conditions on five different surfaces i.e. cement (concrete), mud, plaster, wood and filter paper. Four blocks were prepared for each surface, from which one...

The aim of this study is to present a methodology for Cryptotermes brevis control in such a fragile, old building environment. The described treatment was undertaken at Igreja Matriz Nossa Senhora da Candelária, a church built in 1780 at Itu city, São Paulo. Its presbytery is made of cedar and was b...

The silicon-based, monomolecular film, mosquito control product Aquatain was introduced into an on-going programme to control Culex pipiens molestus, in a partially flooded undercroft, in September 2015. The impact on the control programme is reviewed in this study. Application of Aquatain was far s...

Insecticide sprays used for ant control generally cause environmental contamination. Liquid bait is effective, but requires bait stations to dispense the toxicant. In this study, we develop a natural alginate hydrogel to deliver liquid bait, without the use of bait stations. Hydrogel beads condition...

Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito in the United States and also a competent vector for many viruses. As an aggressive human biter, this mosquitoes is often the primary pest species eliciting complaints from the public in areas where they occur. This mosquito will readily utilize artificial co...

The intrinsic activity of combinations of methoprene and chlorfluazuron and methoprene and fipronil was determined against larval cat fleas, Ctenochephalides felis (Bouché). Methoprene synergized the activity of the IGR chlorfluazuron and the adulticide fipronil. The LC50s of chlorfluazuron, fiproni...

In Spain Dengue (DENV), Zike (ZIKV) and Chickungunya (CHIKV) are frequently imported by tourists and immigrants infected in endemic countries. The Spanish Ministry of Health has declared DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV as priority notifiable diseases in the country. Research presented here is focused on entomo...

Gel bait treatments are widely used for cockroach control, in part because they are considered to be safer and more effective than other methods. However, commercially available baits are considered to have a limited range over which they can attract and, as a result, fail to lure cockroaches out of...

The development of resistance against insecticides, which are primarily used for bed bug (Cimex lectularius) control, is considered to one of the main reasons for the worldwide expansion of this pest. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of resistance and the mechanisms associated with a d...

In the United Kingdom (UK), legislation is sometimes used to prevent pest problems or to facilitate pest management. However in recent years, the two pieces of legislation that have had the most significant impact on common housefly, Musca domestica, infestations across the UK, were not intended to ...

Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to different classes of insecticides including two synthetic pyrethroids owing to the continuous use in public health and sometimes in other sectors. Hence, there is need to develop alternative strategies including use of new insecticides with nove...

Cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide that belongs to the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides. The novel mode of action of cyantraniliprole depletes calcium from insect muscle, affecting muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventually death. We report the results of testing of two formu...

Whilst the reports of insecticide resistance are numerous, and many mechanisms of resistance have been studied, there has been less emphasis placed on developing and promoting Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) programmes to address this issue. It is argued that only through the implementation ...

A unique mixture of polymeric compounds for effective control of various insect species was tested. When applied in a free form or mixed with insecticide formulation has provided quick and even spreading increasing the likelihood that the toxicant will be transferred by contact enhancing the bioavai...

Insecticide resistance in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus F.) is a major factor in the pest’s resurgence. Various studies have demonstrated resistance to the pyrethroids, carbamates and the organophosphates. Resistance has been suspected in Australia, with anecdotal reports of poor ...

The majority of body lice colonies examined in Moscow were permethrin resistant and susceptible to organophosphorus (fenthion, malathion) and neonicotinoid insecticides. Metabolic resistance of body lice to permethrin was investigated using synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributylphosphor...

Of the techniques used by pest control operators to control synanthropic cryptic insects and other arthropods such as German cockroaches, ants, bedbugs, and scorpions, the application of insecticides directly into cracks is one of the most commonly used methods. Three pesticide application equipment...

As part of a study investigating experimental insecticide formulations for control of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in outdoor locations, the imidacloprid-based product Premise 2 (Bayer Environmental Science) was used as a commercial standard. During the study, Premise 2 provided the mo...

Four essential oil-based products and a liquid-based borate spray were tested for their efficacy against adult, pyrethroid-resistant, field-strain and Harold Harlan susceptible-strain bed bugs using direct spray applications. The most effective product was Green Bug (100% mortality in one hour or le...

Contrary to recent news reports, the United States continues to be inundated with bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.). Based on a nationwide survey of pest professionals, infestations still are increasing. While most pervasive in residences, the bugs are becoming more common in schools, offices, public ...

Control of the Anopheline vectors is the most effective approach to malaria control. Reductions in mortality and morbidity from malaria have been achieved through the use of pyrethroid treated bed nets, pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes threaten the effectiveness of this valuable intervention. Insecti...

Malaria is a global health challenge. Vector control remains the fundamental, central and critical component of prevention and control of malaria. Insecticides remain the mainstay in vector control for malaria prevention. Pyrethroids are currently the insecticides for adult vector control interventi...

In the European Union, baits against pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) have to be authorized as biocidal products. The dossier to be submitted for authorization of the product has to include a proof of product efficacy. No consistent test standards have been established by the European Commission....

This poster will report on development of a new cockroach gel bait formulation based on the active ingredient clothianidin. We will review research conducted to establish a minimum effective concentration for clothianidin in the formulation that is necessary to kill cockroaches. A series of trials w...

The control of the German cockroach Blattella germanica is a major challenge for Brazilian pest control operators (PCOs) due to their great capacity for reproduction and dispersal. The study described aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the insecticide Thiamethoxam (Optigard LT® 25% – Wettable Granule...

Worldwide, there are many reports of pyrethroid resistance in bed bugs (Cimex spp.). Previous studies on the Common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., have identified two mutations (V419L and L925I) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr). However, noth...

Pachycondyla chinensis (Emery), the Asian needle ant, is an invasive, stinging ant established in the United States. It is known to displace both native and invasive ant species such as Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant. It can be medically important to people who are allergic to arthropo...

Intoxications due to venomous animals are considered a neglected disease in Brazil. Out of the others poisonings, scorpionism became the most important urban plague spread through different regions. Scorpions are ancient arthropods and the bio-ecological features of some dangerous species and their ...

More than a half million ton of frozen fish, fresh fish and processed sea foods were strewed around the Tsunami disaster areas from fishing port and huge freezing storehouses located along the saw-toothed coastline, approximately 35 minutes after the Great East Earthquake on March 11, 2011. Large po...

In this study, we examined the resistance status of six field-collected strains from Singapore to eight insecticides, as well as the resistance of the parental through F5 generations after they were selected with indoxacarb bait. All strains showed no resistance to acetamiprid (0.7–1.9x), imidaclopr...

Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestations on board aircraft is a growing concern and has substantial financial impact on commercial airlines, in some cases it has resulted in Port Health Authorities grounding aircraft. Airlines that have a proactive approach to bed bug management fare much better tha...

The Invasive Garden Ant, Lasius neglectus, was first recognised in Europe in 1990, and has now been recorded from at least ten European countries. It was first found in the UK in 2009 in Hidcote Manor Garden, Gloucestershire, UK, where the ant is believed to have been present for several decades. A ...

Pyrethroid-resistance in bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, has been described in many countries, but up to now, for Germany no data are available. However, pest control companies increasingly report difficulties in controlling bed bugs with pyrethroids. In the present study four bed bug strains were coll...

The biological characterization of resistance in laboratory is reported, along with an evaluation of the response of vector populations to methods of chemical control which are used on the routine executed in the Dengue Control .Data from the Monitoring Program demonstrated over time an increasing n...

Current solvents used for the application of insecticides include: kerosene, diesel fuel, and aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbon-based molecules. These solvents are toxic and, due to their flash points, create fire hazards. The insecticides are environmental and public health risks. This study spe...

Chlorantraniliprole is a new insecticide globally branded as DuPont™ Altriset™ for termite control. Field results from the USA, Japan and Australian in pre-construction (horizontal applications) and postconstruction (vertical applications) at the 0.05% rate showed excellent efficacy. Field results f...

Detection and control of bed bugs can be challenging and alternative control methods are needed. Among new bed bug management techniques localized heat treatments, use of volatile insecticides and heat combination, and new detecting techniques using electronic sensors. However, management of bed bug...

The levels of susceptibility to a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) and an organophosphate (malathion) and metabolic enzyme activities of adult Periplaneta americana females from populations collected in three cities of south western Colombia (Cali, Popayan, and Buenaventura), were characterized by bottle b...

Currently, there is evidence of Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 populations from southern Bolivia and northern Argentina with high levels of resistance to pyrethroids. In this study we characterized the susceptibility levels of 37 Triatominae populations to deltamethrin. The bioassays were performed b...

The preparative form of concentrated emulsion continues to enjoy the greatest demand among professionals conducting insecticide treatments. In comparison with a lot of concentrates in organic solvents, aqueous concentrates, which are not so widely represented in the market of insecticides, are simil...

Homelessness is an increasing public health problem. Because of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare systems, homeless persons are exposed to many communicable infections. The pattern of life and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice. Body lice have ...

In order to avoid treatment failures in bed bug control and to prevent the development of insecticide-resistant bed bug strains, laboratory efficacy tests of products for bed bug control must be adapted more to practical conditions. For our study, Cimex lectularius of the insecticide susceptible lab...

The cockroach Blattela germanica (L. 1767) is the most important synanthropic specie to develop high populations in habitations. This study has evaluated the mortality of B. germanica exposed to different treated areas in equivalent amount of insecticides to verify the mortality caused by pesticides...

Human diseases transmitted by insects are still in great importance at Tropical Climate Countries, as Brazil is. Mosquitoes are one of the main groups of insects that could transmit those diseases, called vectors. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diameter and uniformity of droplets produced ...

Arachnids are successful groups with a lifestyle based on predation, especially insects. The spiders have a body divided in two segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, have four pairs of legs, chelicerae and pedipalps. The Loxosceles spiders occur throughout the world, in Brazil were recorded eight...

The presence of Tityus serrulatus scorpion in an urban environment presents a threat to the population, correlated to high population density and reflected on registered accidents. In difficult access areas as drainpipe and sewage system pulverization techniques has shown undesirable results. We pro...

The near absence of bed bugs from human dwellings for fifty or more years has left us with limited knowledge of its biology and few answers to eliminate populations. Research findings with relevance to global bed bug management are presented. Monitoring of spontaneous activity of bed bugs demonstrat...

Keratophagous moths don’t have the medical or epidemiological significance, but in the urban environment they occupy specific niche as synanthropic arthropod pests. Nearly 30 species of keratophagous moths can be found out on the territory of Russian Federation. Our most common pest species is the w...

Populations of the common bed bug Cimexlecturaliusare undergoing a huge resurgence, but little is known about their patterns of spread and dispersal. We have begun to address this information gap by conducting population genetic studies of bed bug infestations in the U.S. using microsatellite marker...

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are key vectors of dengue and chikungunya. The status of the main emerging control technologies for these species which have reached open cage or field trial stages is reviewed: insecticide impregnated fabrics, lethal ovitraps, Mesocyclops, Wolbachia, densovirus an...

Current regulatory framework. The placing on the market on biocidal products in the European Union is governed by Directive 98/8/EC (http://eurlex. europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31998L0008:EN:NOT). The current Directive establishes a two-step process of approval: 1. evaluation of the ...

The objective of this report was to evaluate the integrated termite control with different insecticides chemistry and formulations. It was done a complete survey of the infestations and established a maintenance project, the strengthening of the deteriorated woods and insecticide treatment. The trea...

Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever represent one of the greatest challenges to public health at a world level. One of the approaches to mosquito control is the use of chemicals to kill the different stages of the mosquito life cycle. In São Paulo, the chemical control of Aedes aegypti is carried ou...

Pesticides are applied in residences, schools, hospitals and other edifications to control urban pests as cockroaches, ants, fleas, flies and termites. The use of these products in indoor environment can result in exposure of children and pets to particles in the air or adhered to the floor, carpets...

The concept of “Risk Zones” to evaluate and set priorities for preventing damage to collections across the whole museum has been used as a very useful tool by a number of major museums in London. Pest monitoring using sticky traps is well organised and documented, and many organisations in the UK us...

The most common species of bed bugs in the world is Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758. This species prefers to feed on human blood and causes several health effects like skins rashes, psychological effects and allergic symptoms. In the developed world bed bugs were largely eradicated as pests in the ...

Blattella germanica is considered one of the main pests found in commercial shops mainly foodstuff. Excessive use of insecticides, flaws in the applications of pyrethroid group insecticides, and failure on rotation of chemical groups, result in selection of resistant cockroaches populations, which i...

The Argentine ant is a major household pest worldwide and efforts to control it usually involve the use of slow acting insecticides contained in baits, composed of either liquid sugar solutions or solid protein particles. A common toxicant used in commercial baits has been boron, either as borax (so...

The bed bug Cimex lectularius L. is blood-feeding parasite of humans, bats and different domestic animals. In the early 1990s, pest management professionals began to see an increase in beg bug infestations across the world. Now the bed bug problem is very important in many countries, however, in Rus...

Effective mosquito management in urban and periurban environments is reliant in large part on larvicide applications to artificial and/or natural breeding areas. However, larvicide application is often too costly to implement in mosquito abatement programs in areas with high extensions of breeding s...

In order to understand the characteristics of the termite infestation and suggest management measures aiming to their control, inspection in 53 households in a residential condominium located in the Ecological Park of Serra do Guararú (Rainforest), in Guarujá, Brazil was held in October 2010. Curren...

Health services are colonized by urban pests, being generally an integral part of urban infrastructure, especially considering the neotropical climate that is warm and wet. Therefore, pest control is widely quoted in our legislation and hospitals should be free of pests. In practice, it is observed ...

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is host for several parasites. Due to the high population density in laboratory cultures of cockroaches, transmission rates of parasites as well as parasite prevalence can also be high. Cockroaches are important test organisms for efficacy testing of insect...

Subterranean termites are widely known by their substantial damage in urban areas. Coptotermes gestroi is an alien species originated from Asia, introduced accidently in Brazil, where is responsible for severe economical impact. To reduce the use of insecticides in the termite management, some resea...

Global warming together with global trade and tourism gives foreign organisms a lot of opportunities to enter Europe and to find suitable habitats to establish. A number of these species already have a status as pests in their native countries and now start to be of major concern in Europe. A growin...

New bed bug control products, methods and Codes of Practices have been introduced, but it is likely that until we have a novel insecticide molecule and their formulations to which the bed bugs are fully susceptible, we cannot achieve appropriate results. Following a series of individual laboratory t...

The bed bug has had a longstanding relationship with low-income high-density housing. Proximity of dwellings, re-use of furniture, and control options limited by affordability, have all contributed to the continuation of this pest in such areas. The recent resurgence and spread of this pest may be a...

Innovation means many things to many people and some definitions that may be considered as representative, particularly with respect to public health pest control include “The act of introducing something new”, “a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation” and “gene...

The Urban Pest Advisory Service (UPAS) is responsible for urban pests in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. We give approximately 2,000 consultations per year concerning pests and their control; we survey the pest situation in the city and control rats in public areas. Through a survey made among pest...

In the past years test systems for the evaluation of repellents, attractants and insecticides/acaricides have been developed and further refined in our laboratory. A standardized laboratory test system for the evaluation of tick repellents (Moving-Object (MO) Bioassay) has been extensively used with...

A fipronil SC formulation was evaluated against a multi-resistant population of Blattella germanica. The test site was an eight-story apartment building, with 150 individual apartments in Neratovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Conditions in the apartments included general disorder and an abund...

Laboratory testing of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LN’s) includes assessment of bio-efficacy and determination of insecticide retention after washings. The standard WHO washing method recommends the use of deionizded water with a hardness of 0 ppm (water without Ca++ and Mg++). In the cont...

Records show that the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.), was common in the early years of the 20th century, but in developed countries declined steadily from the 1930s onwards, and remained at a relatively low level through the 1970’s – 1990’s. However, in developed countries, there were nonetheless s...

Twenty-six treatments were conducted using an integrated management approach to removing subterranean termite infestations from structures on the University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA campus. Termite infestations were identified by building occupants followed by an inspection, development of an act...

The role of mosquitoes in transmission of infectious diseases is significant. Various formulations of insecticide products are used to control mosquitoes indoors: aerosols, electric heaters with cellulose mats, tablets or vials with a liquid, coils, sticks etc. Aerosol products are usually used agai...

Chronic cockroach infestations, high cockroach allergen levels, and repeated insecticide use is a serious health concern among low-income residents living in multi-family housing. Surveys in 358 randomly selected apartments in Gary, Indiana in 2006 revealed that 30% of the apartments were infested w...

Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid have the same mode of action. They are agonists the nicotinic acethylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the insect central nervous system. These insecticides are gaining widespread use for controlling urban insect pests in Russia. Four...

Cases of undesirable contacts of people with yellowjackets on the territory of European part of Russia have become much more frequent recently. The yellowjacket pest problem rises usually in natural habitats of these insects changed as a result of a human economic activity (countryside plots, campsi...

Although there exists many studies that analyze the effectiveness of the insecticides on cockroaches in conditions of laboratory, those that study their effectiveness in sewers are less abundant. The aim of the study whose results are presented is the analysis of the effectiveness and persistence of...

The house fly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common synanthropic insects in the world. It is known as mechanical carrier of various organisms that cause diseases of man. In many countries, house fly populations can quickly develop resistance to insecticides using to control them. At present...

The growing concern of consumers about the use of traditional insecticides has increased need for development of safe, effective, and natural insecticides and repellents. Plant extracts containing essential oils have been used for centuries to kill and repel a variety of insect pests including cockr...

The presence of pest species forces to realize actions that allow us to control their populations and makes more suitable spaces for the development of human activities into our buildings. Given the characteristics of the urban environments, in where man and pests share an almost permanent life toge...

At present actual presence of termite is not confirmed. Currently, for export shipments to more and more overseas and EU countries you can use only woodenware (wooden pallet, box, barrel, etc.) that underwent the so called quarantine and preventive treatments. According to ISPM 15 regulation, applic...

The employment of electrical vaporizers to reduce the inconveniences caused by the mosquitoes constitutes a habitual practice in the Spanish homes during the summer season. Though exist different systems, the most used is the device in which the insecticide is evaporated by warming. The active matte...

The termite activity of fipronil (Termidor®) termiticide/insecticide was first discovered in 1997. Field research trials produced data showing that fipronil had effects on termites distant from the treated area. Following this discovery, several homes were treated as exterior perimeter only treatmen...

Modern bait formulations have been used successfully to control infestations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) since the mid 1980s. Because of the slow-acting insecticides used in most bait formulations, unmetabolized insecticide may be excreted in the feces and oral secretions, and ...

Widespread resistance to conventional residual neurotoxic insecticides such as pyrethroids is likely to be a major factor in bed bug infestations. To identify an insecticide with an alternative mode of action that is effective against the bed bug, the juvenile hormone analogue (S)-methoprene, was ev...

Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides are frequently used for bed bug control. A baseline susceptibility study for commonly used insecticides was carried out with a susceptible C. lectularius laboratory strain. LD50-values against a susceptible strain in a contact bioassay format a...

Climatic changes, tourism and travel, intensive product deliveries, especially of tropical plants, all contribute to the growth of ant infestations in Europe. These rapidly adopting ant species might need to be more thoroughly learnt and understood and possibly new, inventive eradication systems be ...

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., has made a rapid and unexpected comeback in the United States. In an online survey of 509 U.S. pest control firms, 91% encountered bed bugs in the past two years, whereas only 37% recalled seeing them five years ago. Perpetual movement of people, zero tolerance for...

Based on historical data on the number of inquiries to the advisory service at the Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory we have tried to analyse the variation in bed bug infestations in Denmark since the 1950s. The bed bug problems in Denmark have gone from low levels in the 1950s, gradually increasin...

Invasive ants present a serious threat to humans, wildlife and sensitive environmental habitats. The nature of these sensitive sites such as schools, nursing homes, parks, and zoos prevent the widespread application of insecticides to control ants and encourage alternative strategies. The presence o...

Structural fumigation for household nuisance pests, like cockroaches or ants, is generally considered to be prohibitively expensive. However, for pests that are of public health importance, fumigation may be a more viable option than previously thought. Infestations of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius...

Natural pyrethrum and its synthetic analogues are among the most widely used insecticides in medical, veterinary and agricultural use. Low application rates, rapid knock-down and kill, range of duration of activity and good mammalian safety profile make them an active of choice in most domestic appl...

In Austria the research activity for developing alternatives to insecticides controlling mosquito pests is closely related to Usutu-virus (Flaviviridae) epidemics found in 2001. The decision making of those Austrian communities mentioned in this paper is orientated on prevention of the urban inhabit...

The effectiveness of insecticide formulations for public health pests is the key towards the success of vector control programmes. Evaluation of the efficacy of the abovementioned insecticide formulations by independent research institutes is very important before it can be registered and commercial...

The Argentine ants nest in the ground and forage into hundreds of trees and houses in the area. We investigated the effect of competition between Argentine ants and red imported fire ants. When equal numbers of Argentine ants and fire ants interacted, fire ants were more successful than Argentines, ...

Barrier applications of sprays and granules have been widely used to control Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), around structures. Their activity against ants, especially the pyrethroids, has been ascribed to toxicity and repellency. Recent studies have shown that bifenthrin and cyfluthrin p...

Neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam share a common mode of action. They are agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the central nervous system. These insecticides are gaining widespread use for controlling urban insect pests in Russia. They are insecticide...

Five natural and 16 synthetic compounds were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The naphthoquinones menadione, plumbagin, and juglone, and the benzoquinones thymoquinone, and coenzyme Q1 killed al...

he biological activities of permethrin and deltamethrin silica mixtures were studied. The effect of silica mixture depended on insect sex and age, type of insecticide and the amounts of insecticide added to the silica. Only a very low amount of deltamethrin added to silica 0.1 mg/g gave KD50 or KD95...

Metaflumizone (proposed common name) is a high performance insecticide submitted for crop registration approval in the USA in 2004. Other key country registration submissions are expected to follow the USA application.Toxicological and environmental studies indicate that there is low risk to applica...

The Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC), or BPD, is a recent piece of pan-European legislation that has been incorporated into the national law of each member state. It will regulate all biocidal products that are not covered by earlier legislation that deals with crop protection products (91/414/...

Five insecticide bait formulations have been evaluated for their attractiveness to adults of Brown-banded Cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) in laboratory trials. The gel formulations contained one of the following active ingredients (a.i.): hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, fipronil. Tests were carried...

The European Commission’s Biocidal Products Directive, Council Directive 98/8 EC (BPD), is the largest regulatory exercise ever to affect the urban pest control industry. Its impact is global because any company selling pest control products in the European Union must follow its principles. All acti...

Two spiders of possible medical importance in the Pacific Northwest were chosen for this study: the hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, male and female, and the black widow, Latrodectus hesperus, female. Three management strategies were investigated with chemicals applied to the substrate, spider webbi...

Insecticide resistance in insects is a well-documented phenomenon that is equally related to toxicology and evolutionary biology. Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach has a long history dating back over 60 years. Thus, the recent evolution of gel bait aversion resistance is but one example...

The German cockroach is the most common cockroach found indoors, such as hospitals, homes, restaurants, etc. In hospitals, because of the presence of adequate food and living environment, they can develop into large population and live throughout the buildings. They can contaminate food with differe...

Carpenter ants are major structural pests in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavian countries. With the advent of non-repellent chemicals and more attractive baits, shifts have occurred in management strategies that include either perimeter sprays or baiting as the sole method for control. Four...

With respect to the technical, executive and ecological problems involved in residual spraying and along with changes occurred in Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Plan in malaria control, in present time, the strategy of using pyrethroid impregnated bed-nets has attracted the attention of the experts of WHO ...

The current study, in three methods, topical application, surface contact (WHO glass jar) method and toxic baits, was designed to investigate the relationship between permethrin German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) resistant strains and fipronil. Twelve German cockroach strains used in this s...

Application of insecticides to vegetation has become increasingly popular in mosquito control programs in recent years. However, there is very little data that addresses the efficacy of such treatments. This study evaluated the residual effectiveness of three pyrethroid formulations on vegetation ag...

This descriptive survey studied comparison of malaria cases, epidemiological and entomological serves, insecticides used and mean temperature, relative humidity and amounts of rain fall in a ten year period (1994-2003).The most important species of anopheline vectors include: Anopheles stephensi, An...

Cockroaches are one of the most significant risks to public health. They carry some diseases such as gastroenteritis, typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery, poliomyelitis and salmonella. They may also play an important role in asthma. Certain proteins which act as allergens in waste products and saliva of co...

An attempt was made to evaluate the residual effect of deltamethrin 5% WP at recommended dosage of 25 a.i.mg/m2 on different local surfaces such as mud, plaster, cement, tile and brick walls as well as wooden and thatch roofs in a malarious area, Sistan & Baluchistan provinces, in southeastern I...

In recent years, different essential oils, distilled from various plant species, have been used to replace chemical pesticides. 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol) has been considered as insecticide; such active ingredient is present in a number of vegetal species and it reaches the greatest concentration in t...

Although there are few cockroaches in newly built or insecticide-treated buildings or houses, they enter from outside, increase in number and spread out widely as time goes by. To elucidate how German cockroaches distribute widely in such places, we previously investigated their horizontal movement ...

Indoxacarb, with a novel mode of action, is in a new class of chemistry called Oxadiazines. The compound was registered in the United States in 1999 for agricultural uses and Dupont Professional Products is developing the compound for new uses in the Structural Pest Control industry. One of the firs...

This investigation was carried out in several different parts of Iran during 1998-2001. Out of 9799 female Anopheles captured by different methods, An. fluviatilis comprised 35.5%, An. dthali 30.3%, An. stephensi 29.4%, An. sergentii 4.6%, An. culicifacies, An. turkhudi and An. superpictus were 0.2%...

This study was carried out to determine the composition, distribution and abundance of arthropod fauna of an urban waste treatment plant near Milan, Italy, in order to identify some potential biological control agents for Diptera Muscidae. For five months, from June to October 2004, the arthropod fa...

Indoxacarb is an EPA designated reduced risk insecticide. This study was to evaluate indoxacarb for its toxicity, non-repellency, and transmission as liquid termiticide against eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Toxic effectiveness and non-repellency were determined usin...

Shape and characteristics in five domiciliary cockroach-feces Feces of domiciliary cockroaches often contaminate food or medicine packages. The presence of feces in foraging places is evidence of a cockroach infestation. The shape and other characteristics of feces differ among species. When they fe...

Survey on mosquito larvae and pupae were carried out in construction sites and drains in Penang, Malaysia. Species of mosquito larvae were identified from these two habitats. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegyptii were the dominant mosquito spp found in the construction sites. Different habitats during t...

A new technology is described for in-field dipping of conventional mosquito nets for long lasting efficacy by adding a polymer binder to the deltamethrin treatment. Various polymer binders vary greatly in their ability to improve the retention of deltamethrin on the fiber and ensure resistance of th...

In fly control, the development of new insecticidal compounds with oral action encourages the development of baits. Imidacloprid, which belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds, is most active when it is ingested and it is used in fly control as a granule for application as scatter bait (Qu...

New Zealand has three species of native termites Kalotermes brouni, Stolotermes ruficeps and S. inopinus. In terms of destructive capability, these are of minor significance. Invasive Australian subterranean termites, specifically Coptotermes acinaciformis and C. frenchii hitchhiked into New Zealand...

Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit are still major public health concerns in many countries in the tropics and subtropics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in man and animals. The use of chemical control agents is still the major forerunner in mosquito control strategies. Despi...

The high level of resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides by German cockroaches is due to multiple factors, including the scheduled use of them, and isolated populations. Resistance in field populations have been observed in some Mexican strains, in which control failure with cyper...

In Louisiana, 115 chemicals are registered for use against red imported fire ants,Solenopsis invicta, and other pest ants such as Argentine ants, Linepithema humile. Yet citizens and pest control operators still struggle with adequate control of ant pests in homes, nursing facilities, hospitals, and...

This study compares statistical methodologies for the detection of low levels of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach. Results show that logistic regression and resistance ratios are relatively ineffective in distinguishing modest differences between strains, whether dose-mortality or time...

Two aerosol insecticide compositions were investigated in laboratory conditions against a complex of synanthropic insects. Both compositions have high acute insecticidal activity and have a long residual effect on glass, but not on plywood. It is shown that the knockdown effect was reversible on ply...

The resistance of the house fly to insecticides is a limiting factor for its control even in Slovakia, where more than 70% of flies are highly resistant to synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and lambdacyhalothrin), 66% of fly populations are highly resistant to bendiocarb...

The processes by which insects acquire toxic doses of the microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin (Demand CS) were studied using the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Cockroaches exposed to treated substrates acquired toxic doses of the insecticide rapidly, and HPLC analysis of...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is currently considered the most destructive insect in Louisiana. It attacks living trees eating the centers and constructing a carton nest within. Infested trees can serve as reservoirs for termites to in...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is the most important cockroach pest in Russia. After WW II, the use of inorganic compounds — such as boric acid, sodium fluoride, and arsenic — for cockroach control decreased, and the use of organic insecticides — such as organochlorines, organophosp...

An efficiency of diflubenzuron, cyromazin, pyriproxypfen and methopren on the house fly populations were verified on the abundance of flies over 10 weeks in a pig delivery rooms and a calf houses. The larvicidal effectiveness of diflubenzuron was in range of 35-96 %. Cyromazin caused marked reductio...

Most manufacturers warn applicators to avoid contaminating cockroach baits with conventional aerosol or liquid insecticides. However, at least one study has concluded that small amounts of insecticides do not affect bait performance. In this study we use mint oil, a relatively nontoxic — yet highly ...

Stinging insects are among the most frequent and persistent pest problems at schools, parks, and similar locations. Responses for control are usually reactive and involve pesticides. During the past two years, IPM specialists from the New York State Community IPM Program and Cornell Cooperative Exte...

The insecticide imidacloprid belongs to the chloronicotinyl class of compounds and is most active against insects when ingested (Leicht, 1993; Londershausen, 1996). Its use in fly control is seen as an important area of application. An imidacloprid-based fly bait that could be selectively applied in...

Fipronil and imidacloprid are non-repellant insecticides that work via direct contact and termite-to-termite transmission. This secondary form of transmission is more effective if termites continue functioning normally after they come in contact with the chemical. Behavioral changes in the Formosan ...

Mass production of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), in laboratory is required when a large number of individuals must be supplied consecutively for insecticide tests or other biological research. To keep a flea colony in high quality and stable condition, the larval diet must contain suffi...

Evaluations were made of Bayer Compound PNR342 imidacloprid granular bait at 0.5% a.i., as compared to methomyl (Golden Malrin) granular bait for control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Studies conducted included a laboratory caged study, bait trap evaluations in a commercial egglayer poultry f...

The Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) is one of the most destructive pests of trees in New Orleans, causing millions of dollars in damage each year. The termites tunnel into the trees, creating a network of galleries and voids, ultimately hollowing the interior of the tr...

Three components are considered when developing a baiting system: active ingredient; matrix; and termite biology. Attention to variations in termite biology is often limited, so a one-fits-all approach is chosen in the design. Efficacy of a bait system developed for a locally occurring species may n...

The objective of the research presented here was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of a toxic food bait on foraging choice by the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). This was done by analysing the importance of learning visual cues associated with feeding sites and the importance of...

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is a highly invasive species, a major urban pest, and capable of impacting native systems. It was first found in New Zealand in 1990, and in March 2000, a population was discovered on a 200-ha island reserve of conservation significance. This led to a call for ...

The purpose of this demonstration project was to evaluate the effectiveness of three integrated pest management (IPM) treatment plans in controlling structural and institutional pests in public schools. IPM strategies evaluated were: 1) exclusion, trapping, and sanitation, with no chemical inputs; 2...

Human vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever are a global health problem. These diseases affect millions of people in developed and undeveloped countries. Entomologists, biologists, and vector ecologists from North America and Europe share informat...

Following the failure of some applications against German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in France, questions have been raised as to the role, and level, that insecticide resistance may have played in these failures. To answer the question , samples of cockroaches were collected from two sites in...

Twenty three strains of field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) collected from hotels and restaurants from various localities in peninsular Malaysia were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used insecticides (propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirim...

We explored decontamination measures which would minimise risk of exposure. Decontamination and cleaning methods were chosen according to the structure of treated surface area and the properties of the active compound. Commercial cleaning agents were used to decontaminate areas treated with insectic...

Periplaneta americana is one of the most important problems in Spanish Mediterranean Coast cities so, it must make periodic insecticide treatments in sewers of these cities. Most formulates that are using now for their control have relatively low persistance and this forces to increasing the treatme...

Infestation with head lice, Pediculosis capitis, is a widespread, persistent and recurring problem amongst pre-school and school aged children. The problem poses no direct threat to health which may explain why such a physiologically distressing condition affecting millions of young children every y...

Numerous studies have shown that German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), are often resistant to insecticides in settings where insecticides have been used extensively in the past. We have now examined resistance in German cockroaches collected in homes in which insecticide usage has been minim...

During the early 1990s the Medical Entomology Centre, Cambridge, received an increasing number of reports from concerned health professionals of treatments against head lice failing to cure. Preliminary investigations showed some lice to have developed tolerance of pyrethroid insecticides. A series ...

House flies belong probably among insects which are most frequently used in experimental studies of physiological, genetic and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The development of resistance is an example of microevolution caused by artificially induced change in the frequency of some selection ...

Combining methods for cockroach control is often prevented by the perception that gel baits are easily contaminated by other insecticides. The objectives were to determine the ability of liquid and dust insecticides to contaminate a cockroach control bait. A gel bait (Maxforce, 2.15% hydramethylnon)...

Insecticide resistance problems have been recognised as an increasing problem in Europe as a consequence of both the accumulation of resistance mechanisms by some species and the greater diversity of arthropods becoming a pest problem. Arthropods of particular concern include public health and lives...

Insecticide treatment of surfaces is a well proven technique for the control of insect pests in the urban environment. The aim of these applications is to leave a residual deposit of insecticide which remains lethal to the target insect for an extended period. However, the efficacy of these treatmen...

Fenthion (Tiguvon®, Bayer AG) is an effective insecticidal compound with a residual effect for the control of fleas in dogs and cats. Fenthion belongs to the organophosphorus group of compounds, which are inhibitors of cholinesterases and have a systemic effect. This effect can be observed within 4 ...

The utility of fipronil and perhaps other phenylpyrazoles for German cockroach, Blattella germanica, control may be affected by resistance to cyclodienes in field populations, because of cross resistance between these two classes of insecticides. Field populations of B. germanica were sampled for th...

The premise of the discussion presented here is that some of the traditional components of agricultural integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs are either not applicable or not practical for the urban environment. The overall goal of this discussion is t...

In 1994 evidence was obtained that insecticide resistance in head lice was spreading in the United Kingdom and other countries. The situation was not being managed correctly by the health authorities in UK for two reasons: primary health care workers adhered to rigid procedures regardless of the cha...

Urban entomology has grown dramatically in the last 25 years and has attained a disciplinary status within the entomological and pest management community. As urban centers have grown throughout the world, the importance of the control of arthropods and insects associated with humans and their struc...

Secondary mortality occurs when foragers (e.g., adult males and females) feed on or contact an insecticide, return to the aggregation, and translocate the insecticide to the shelter and its vicinity. Relatively more sedentary stages of the population then contact or eat the translocated insecticide ...

Control of cockroach populations in urban environments is now very often performed with insecticides presented in food bait formulations. To be efficient, food baits must attract pests so that contact is made with the active substance and/or that it is ingested. Food baits may be less efficient for ...

The application of conventional insecticides within the confines of a secure establishment in a safe manner can cause many logistical and managerial problems. Therefore, alternative methods of insecticide applications have to be sought. The advent of insecticidal gels with varying modes of action gi...

The regular and effective control of some synanthropic crawling insects as cockroaches and ants is unavoidable but due to the requirements of human health and environment protection, their elimination needs new concepts and methods. Cockroaches, first of all the German cockroach Blattella germanica ...

The control of bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) as well as pigeon ticks (Argas reflexus) in human dwellings is usually carried out by a treatment with residual insecticides/acaricides combined with special flushingout- preparations. As the hiding and breeding places of bed bugs and pigeon ticks can be sp...

Efficient control and eradication of Pharaoh’s ant is a difficult task for PCOs mostly due to the fact that several queens live in a nest, all of which can not be killed with traditional methods. PROTECT B Pharaoh’s ant killer bait is a special ready-to-use formulation that contains an insect growth...

Many synanthropic species of insects occur in households and other domestic situations. Some of these pests are very well known to inhabitants, e.g. ants, silverfish or cockroaches. While small insects, such as psocids, are often overlooked. Synanthropic species of psocids (especially from the gener...

Periplaneta americana is a remarkable pest in urban environments. At present, it is the most common species in Valencia city keeping Blatta orientalis in a secondary position. Is is highly adaptable and, in favorable conditions, shows fast proliferation and dispersal. Special difficulties in its con...

A survey of university entomology departments teaching urban and industrial pest management topics was conducted as was a survey of prominent and less prominent structural pest control companies. Universities were asked what topics they were teaching and the time devoted to each. Companies were aske...

In this study, it is presented the integrated control strategies against mosquitoes, house fly and sand flies in Belek Tourism Center which is surrounded by Mediterranean in the south, Tahtali Mountains, the part of Toros Mountains in the north, Aksu River in the west and Koprucay River in the east,...

Imidacloprid belongs to a new group of insecticides, the chlorinated nicotine derivatives. It has been shown to have activity against a range of pests including termites, aphids, fleas, beetles and thrips. A gel formulation has been developed for use against cockroaches and this study examined the e...

Pyriproxyfen, a synthetic analogue of the juvenile hormone of insects, has been used in the form of 0.5% granules (Sumilarv, Sumitomo, Japan) against preimaginal stages of house flies and mosquitoes for suppressing their quality. As the main condition of the experiment was to use strictly equalized ...

We evaluated the efficacy of the toxic (methomyl) baits with a sex pheromone, (Z)-9-tricosene, in controlling adults of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.). The poison bait was distributed on the carton Tables “Zwalcza muchy” in a form of color pattern and prints. Each table contained a shelf to col...

Residual performance of a pyrethroid/chitin synthesis inhibitor (alpha-cypermethrin/flufenoxuron) suspension concentrate formulation on plywood panels against German cockroaches was examined in the laboratory for up to 6 months of aging using three evaluation methods (forced-contact, self-contact an...

The Pharaoh’s ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a widespread urban pest, being most common in large, heated buildings. Fipronil is a novel phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, effective against insects of urban importance including termites and cockroaches, being active by both oral...

In 1996-97 response reactions of urban populations of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) collected in Moscow and Moscow were studied against long-term influence of industrial pollutants and insecticide press. Reaction on the industrial influence evaluated for fecundity and on the insecticide press for ...

There is an increasing trend to use insecticide impregnated bednets for major interventions in malaria programs today. Deltamethrin has proved to be one of the most effective insecticides for vector control, especially under varying climatic conditions, and is already the most widely used insecticid...

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has become common in field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), in the United States and elsewhere. Some populations are highly resistant to as many as eight or nine pyrethroids. The primary mechanisms of resistance are enzymatic degrad...

A three-stage study was initiated to evaluate ways to use precision-targeting of insecticides for lone star tick (LST) control in Mississippi State parks. The first stage involved an evaluation of the residual effects of three commercially available pyrethroids against the LST, with the purpose of c...

Swine production is an important component of North Carolina’s agricultural economy. Cockroaches have long been recognized as important pests in swine production and severe infestations may contribute significantly to disease maintenance and transmission. However, management of cockroach populations...

The development of infestations of Musca domestica was evaluated in a factory for the treatment of urban solid undifferentiated waste over a period of one year and control strategies were implemented. The waste treatment produces a compost used for the improvement of agricultural soil. The factory, ...

The human body louse Pediculus humanus corporis - the main vector of both human spotted fever (rickettsiosis) and relapsing fever (borreliosis) - is maintained for insecticide efficacy tests and is commonly reared on rabbits as substitute hosts. A membrane feeding technique may offer a return to the...

In 1993 the European Commission put forward a proposal for a mandatory authorisation scheme to cover the supply of biocides. The Directive aims to establish a single market in biocides and provide a high level of control for man and the environment by ensuring that requirements for authorisation are...

Records of visits to 22,615 dwellings in the London Borough of Southwark, for period October 1993 to December 1998, were examined. Data were analysed for ghost ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fab.), pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis L.), house mice (Mus musculus L.) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus ...

Field studies were conducted to compare the performance of Goliath® Cockroach Gel (fipronil) and a spray treatment of Cislin Residual Insecticide® (deltamethrin). These were carried out in Sydney, NSW, Australia against Blattella germanica (L), and Townsville, Queensland, against a mixed population ...

Demand CS® (lambda-cyhalothrin) has been designed specifically for use in urban pest management. The product is based on microencapsulation technology which encloses the liquid active ingredient in a polymer shell to provide protection against hostile environmental conditions. Electron microscopy an...

Rigid board insulations, including polystyrenes, polyisocyanurates and others, are used as standard building materials. In the past decade problems developed with subterranean termites entering structures, undetected, when rigid board insulation was installed as a continuous sheet beginning below gr...

This review concerns aspects of climatic and microclimatic effects on biology and pest status of synanthropic pest species. The number of medical and synanthropic pest species in an area parallels overall species richness and the pest faunas of tropics and subtropics are more abundant than the fauna...

Mixtures of insecticides have been proposed as one tool for the management of insecticide resistance. The concept of mixtures relies on the hypothesis that organisms may be able to overcome a single toxicant but are unlikely to be able to overcome several independently acting toxicants. Mixtures hav...

The current situation concerning cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) presence and insecticide control was investigated in high-rise blocks of low-income flats in the French city of Rennes. The aim of this study was to analyse the results of professional cockroach insecticide treatments and to try t...

A formulation consisting of the pyrethroid insecticide alphacypermethrin and flufenoxuron, an acylurea insect growth regulator, has been shown to give effective and persistent control of cockroach infestations after a single treatment. Flufenoxuron is a new high performance residual insecticide for ...

Microbial (bio) insecticides are products based on living micro-organisms which are pathogenic to insects. These micro-organisms have a long history of study and are considered to have great potential as pest control agents. However. in the past research has concentrated on pests of agriculture and,...

Field and laboratory studies were initiated in 1993 to investigate the effect(s) of specific insecticide use strategies on resistant populations of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Infestation levels were monitored using sticky traps, and these data formed the basis for the estimates of treatm...

A large scale resistance management programme is currently being undertaken in Chiapas, Southern Mexico. this paper reports the baseline levels of resistance as detected by bioassays and biochemical assays in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus in the study area. A high level of resistance to DDT and l...

Cockroaches settling down in various sanitary trade institutions, industrial establishments as well as in residential buildings may spread potential infectious diseases and allergy or - through their disgust provoking effect - may disturb people living or working there. As a consequence, regular con...

Insect vector control has proved to be an effective method for reducing the transmission of disease-causing organisms to human populations in many tropical countries. A variety of methods have been employed to suppress vector populations, including the application of biological control agents and th...

In a field population (RHA, Roanoke VA, USA) of Blattella germanica a decline in the efficacy of hydramethlynon has been documented for eight years. In 1987 >85% reduction of apartment infestations was achieved 4 wk after application, in 1990 reduction declined to 73%, and in 1995 reduction declined...

The Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, triflumuron, has great potential for the control of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L). Field trails were carried out to evaluate its efficacy in combination with a short residual, conventional, insecticide DDVP, and when used alone. The insecticides were appli...

The housefly Musca domestica L. belongs to the most important hygiene pests world-wide - especially in livestock. Due to its fast development and high reproductive rate the housefly has developed severe resistance against commonly used insecticides. Sometimes resistance problems against new active i...

Insecticides of plant origin have been receiving attention in recent years to overcome the environmental hazards in using synthetic insecticides. Large numbers of plant samples have been screened for their insecticidal and/or repellent activities and a few of them have been found promising and their...

Containerised insecticide bait products offer considerable advantages for control of urban crawling insect pests. However the differences in insecticide susceptibility and food preference between some pest species have resulted in a diversity of commercial bait products, each targeted at specific in...

Chronic, unacceptable, insecticide resistant German cockroach (Elartella germanica) populations exist in some of the U.S. Army's food service facilities We have conducted field trials using heat to control German cockroaches in food service facilities. The process used involved: caulking holes in wa...

Inter-strain variation of German cockroaches in response to several commercial baits and their potential to develop resistance to the baits was investigated. Late instars were given a choice between the bait and an alternate food source (dog chow). Survivors were saved and choice tests repeated. Tes...

The utility of pheromone enhanced ant baits was investigated using fire ants as the model organism. The enhanced bait consisted of hydramethylnon (active ingredient), soybean oil (phagostimulant and Ai solvent), defatted corn grit (carrier), and 'invictolide', a component of the fire ant queen recog...

A new type of bait has been developed, aimed at control of pest insects, and tested successfully on the model insect Blattella germanica (L.) - the German cockroach. The active ingredient, termed a nutritional metabolism disrupter (NMD), is a non-toxic composition of the compounds oxypurinol and xan...

In the early spring Lasius niger may be a nuisance indoors. These ants often originate from nests right next to the foundation, below the house or sometimes even directly under the floor. The ants raise the humidity, which may result in severe damage to the woodwork, due to rot. The same applies to ...

Patented Film Forming Aqueous Spray Technology or 'FFAST' has been used to develop AquaPy, a water based product containing synergised pyrethrins for use in the control of public health and hygiene pests. This product is highly flexible and can be applied undiluted through Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spr...

The Coastal Brown Ant (Pheidole megacephala) is a major introduced nuisance pest species in the most populated regions of Australia. The aim of this trial was to examine the potential of imidacloprid and triflumuron as active ingredients for ant baits. Baits based on peanut butter and the nitromethy...

The rapid breakdown of the Soviet Union into many independent, mostly ethnic states, heralded a new historical era with tremendous political, social and economic anomalies. And while the newly formed entities are being hailed as a triumph for individual freedoms and political democracy, the social a...

A number of species of carpet beetles (Anthrenus spp) that are household pests attack museum collections and can cause severe damage to natural history specimens, textiles and ethnographic objects. Many of the species such as the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci. have their origin in birds' ...

Resistance to organochlorine, organophosphorous (OP) and carbamate insecticides in the German cockroach Blattella germanica has been documented for many years. In the past, significant bendiocarb resistance has been reported in the United Kingdom. More recently, resistance has been reported to the p...

Laboratory from 1987 to 1991. A screening of the insecticide resistance in B. germanica in some selected locations was conducted with permethrin using tarsal contact tests to estimate KT50, (/WHO/VBC/75.593). Based on these data more detailed measurement of the resistance in the German Cockroaches f...

Emulsions of chemicals applied to the surface of seasoned softwoods results in a residue 1-3 mm below the surface, and can provide control of wood-infesting beetles. Borate compounds can be delivered to wood surfaces in sufficient quantities for subsequent diffusion to depths below the surface. The ...

We recognise that insecticides must continue to play a major role in most control programmes against insect pests or vectors, particularly when there are emergencies which cannot wait for alternative means of control to be developed. We believe genetic methods should be given serious thought and inv...

Small groups of nymphs and adults, or of 5th and 6th instar nymphs of the Oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis, were exposed to hydramethylnon baits Maxforce) for periods of time ranging from 1 to 14 days. These insects were also given access to standard laboratory cockroach food as an alternative t...

A focal point for pest management programs is often limiting the amount of insecticide to the minimum level while still maintaining the maximum benefit for population reduction. With that in mind we conducted a field study in 28 homes to evaluate the efficacy of applying insecticide to habitats iden...

Elevation of esterase activity is the most common form of organophosphate resistance in the Culex pipiens complex. There are several electrophoretically distinguishable forms of esterase which can be elevated. Raymond et a1 (1991) have put forward the hypothesis that the most common form of elevatio...

Several types of Culigel@ superabsorbent polymers were evaluated as matrices for the controlled release and/or encapsulation of insect growth regulators, bacteria, or organophosphates for long-term control of immature mosquitoes or adult and immature cockroaches. Bioassays against mosquito larvae wi...

Cockroach control in the Netherlands is carried out with the use of the synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin, cyfiuthrin or permethrin or of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. The German cockroach is the species most frequently found in buildings. There are some indications that resistance against inse...

Concrete, wood, glass and ceramic tiles were treated with the same quantity of active ingredient applied at different concentrations. The active ingredients, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and bendiocarb were used. The formulations were diluted in water. Either 1 litre; 0.6 or 0.5 litre; 0.3 or 0.25...

Pheromone usage in Urban and Stored Products Entomology has been confined predominantly to insect pest monitoring to date and only in a few cases have pheromones been used for direct population suppression. Thls paper reviews the advances that have been made over recent years in the use of pheromone...

Multi-resistant strains of Blattella germanica are now common, and strategies for their continued control using conventional insecticides need to be devised rationally if long-term suppression of these nuisance insects is to be achieved. Newer insecticides such as growth regulators may have a role i...

Currently 3 insect growth regulators either are or soon will be labelled as on-animal treatments to control fleas on pets and livestock. These chemicals, fenoxycarb, methoprene and pyriproxyfen are juvenile hormone mimics that disrupt embryonic and post-embryonic development when present during cert...

Commercial bait products are becoming increasingly important for household and industrial pest control. The advantages of baits are widely acknowledged and include convenience and ease of use, discrete placement of the insecticide, reduced environmental contamination and minimal disruption to the cu...

Two pyridazinone derivatives, pyridaben and NC- 194, were found by medium mixing test to be potent chemicals which inhibited the growth of Dermatophagoides population. Pyridaben {2-tert-butyl-5- (4-rerz-butybenzylthio)4chloropyridazin-3-(2H)-one}, which is a new agricultural acaricide, suppressed 90...

The distribution of cypermethrin (Demon@) affected by formulations and surfactants in a sandy loam soil was determined. Eight treatments consisted of Demon TC (25.3 % cypermethrin, emulsifiable concentrate) or Demon Wettable Powder (40.0% cypermethrin) with 0.25% A1 concentration mixed with or witho...

The small (1mrn long), wingless, psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (Psocoptera, Liposcelidae), is found throughout the world and is frequently a pest of farinaceous food stores. Since the early 1940's, when this insect was recorded for the first time in southern England, it has spread to ...

Insecticidal space sprays are widely and effectively used for control of insects in the urban environment. They are especially useful for flying insect control, be it for disease vector or nuisance pest, but space sprays can also be very effective for rapid control of crawling pests such as cockroac...