ICUP Proceedings Search

Cockroaches are of the great importance in public health. Blattella germanica is the main specie that infests commercial kitchens and industrial kitchens, due to conditions for their development. One of the methods to control B. germanica is the use of insecticides in the gel bait formulation. The o...

Transfluthrin is a volatile pyrethroid based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohol that is commonly present in household insecticides like coils, electric vaporizers or aerosols used mainly against mosquitoes. Deployed into the air Transfluthrin exerts short-term effects. Due to its molecular structure,...

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes becomes a serious public health problem in numerous regions with increasing worldwide cases of dengue, zika and chikungunya infections. The absence of effective vaccines leads the prevention of these diseases to be focused on vector control activities. The...

Traps need to be highly attractive to the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, to catch them at low population numbers. Typically, traps are manufactured in plastic or cardboard and have an aggregation pheromone incorporated into the design for attraction. Yet, the material of the trap will also influence ho...

The development of resistance against insecticides, which are primarily used for bed bug (Cimex lectularius) control, is considered to one of the main reasons for the worldwide expansion of this pest. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of resistance and the mechanisms associated with a d...

Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica are pests of great importance in urban areas, mainly due to their role as vectors of pathogens and capability of causing allergies. The interspecific differences between these cockroaches can lead to different results in their control. No chemical (liqui...

Insecticide candle is the optimum human lifesaving innovation that kills flying vectors, particularly mosquitoes - the most lethal of all insects in the world. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. The candle is a special vegetable wax-encased formulated cand...

The light emitting diode (LED) lamp market is predicted to experience massive growth over the next decade. Outside the domestic lighting sector there are a number of specialist uses for LED technology that have warranted research into specific frequencies of light emission. Ultra-violet (UV-A waveba...

Present study was carried out to test the residual activity of deltamethrin EC 1.5%, K-Othrine EC 1.5% and deltamethrin WP 5% under laboratory conditions on five different surfaces i.e. cement (concrete), mud, plaster, wood and filter paper. Four blocks were prepared for each surface, from which one...

Eye morphology, spectral sensitivity, and harborage color preferences all have significant differences between male and female bed bugs. Bed bug eye automontage images revealed that females had wider eyes than males. Electroretinogram studies gave evidence that bed bugs have at least one photorecept...

Currently pest control industries are having difficulties in controlling bed bugs, specifically in workers’ dormitories and residential houses. Survey of bed bug infestations across Peninsular Malaysia by collecting samples from residential houses, dormitories, hotels and motels and flats and apartm...

Pyrethroid-resistance in bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, has been described in many countries, but up to now, for Germany no data are available. However, pest control companies increasingly report difficulties in controlling bed bugs with pyrethroids. In the present study four bed bug strains were coll...

Under the European Union Biocidal Products Regulation repellents are classified as biocides, and are subject to efficacy studies. To facilitate testing of repellents for product registration the EU has provided technical guidelines. The guidelines leave uncertainties as to how efficacy should be exa...

Aedes albopictus is a vector for over 20 viruses, including chikungunya and dengue and where present may pose a threat to human health. Since 2003 A. albopictus is also present in Southern Switzerland in the Canton of Ticino and has since then been continuously surveyed and controlled, mainly by lar...

A large-arena bioassay is used to examine gender differences in the spatiotemporal patterns of bed bug, Cimex lectularius Latreille 1802, behavioural responses to either a human host or CO2. After release in the center of the arena, 90% of the newly fed bed bugs move to hiding places in the corners ...

Currently, there is evidence of Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 populations from southern Bolivia and northern Argentina with high levels of resistance to pyrethroids. In this study we characterized the susceptibility levels of 37 Triatominae populations to deltamethrin. The bioassays were performed b...

Altriset™ (18.4% SC, Chlorantraniliprole) exhibited delayed mortality in termites both in topical and limited exposure bioassays. When exposed for as low as 5 minutes on sand treated at =25 ppm, worker mortalities reached >90% by day 5. Termites behaved normally (walking, grooming etc.) for sever...

Fresh and dry tissues (leaves, stems, flowers and roots) of two Lantana camara cultivars and the soil from where the plants were growing were tested to determine their anti-termitic activities against Reticulitermes flavipes in 3-wk laboratory bioassays. Barriers incorporating 25% (w/w) chipped tiss...

The levels of susceptibility to a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) and an organophosphate (malathion) and metabolic enzyme activities of adult Periplaneta americana females from populations collected in three cities of south western Colombia (Cali, Popayan, and Buenaventura), were characterized by bottle b...

The growing concern of consumers about the use of traditional insecticides has increased need for development of safe, effective, and natural insecticides and repellents. Plant extracts containing essential oils have been used for centuries to kill and repel a variety of insect pests including cockr...

Seven commercial pest control products were assayed against Cimex lectularius (L.) adults and 4th instar nymphs under laboratory conditions for 48 hr. After initial exposure a selection of the porous plates were aged under mixed lighting, at 22ºC for 5 weeks, and assayed using 4th instar nymphs to d...

Modern bait formulations have been used successfully to control infestations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) since the mid 1980s. Because of the slow-acting insecticides used in most bait formulations, unmetabolized insecticide may be excreted in the feces and oral secretions, and ...

The results about the analysis and characterization of several different anomalies induced on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae) by 2 commercial formulations widely used in the mosquitoes larvae control in Spain, Dimilin 25® and Sumilarv 10EC®, are presented. Tests and effect evaluation have been...

In the past years test systems for the evaluation of repellents, attractants and insecticides/acaricides have been developed and further refined in our laboratory. A standardized laboratory test system for the evaluation of tick repellents (Moving-Object (MO) Bioassay) has been extensively used with...

Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides are frequently used for bed bug control. A baseline susceptibility study for commonly used insecticides was carried out with a susceptible C. lectularius laboratory strain. LD50-values against a susceptible strain in a contact bioassay format a...

Application of insecticides to vegetation has become increasingly popular in mosquito control programs in recent years. However, there is very little data that addresses the efficacy of such treatments. This study evaluated the residual effectiveness of three pyrethroid formulations on vegetation ag...

An attempt was made to evaluate the residual effect of deltamethrin 5% WP at recommended dosage of 25 a.i.mg/m2 on different local surfaces such as mud, plaster, cement, tile and brick walls as well as wooden and thatch roofs in a malarious area, Sistan & Baluchistan provinces, in southeastern I...

Indoxacarb is an EPA designated reduced risk insecticide. This study was to evaluate indoxacarb for its toxicity, non-repellency, and transmission as liquid termiticide against eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Toxic effectiveness and non-repellency were determined usin...

In recent years, different essential oils, distilled from various plant species, have been used to replace chemical pesticides. 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol) has been considered as insecticide; such active ingredient is present in a number of vegetal species and it reaches the greatest concentration in t...

Commercial gel bait formulations, including two new formulations of indoxacarb (0.6% AI; RG2V3 and DPX411), were evaluated for efficacy against a "bait averse" strain of German cockroaches (Saginaw strain). Bait consumption and subsequent mortality of the Saginaw cockroaches were compared with that ...

This study evaluated the effects of two commercially available products that have been used to supplement bait stations on feeding and tunneling behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. A bioassay was conducted to examine the effects of water-soluble chemicals e...

A new technology is described for in-field dipping of conventional mosquito nets for long lasting efficacy by adding a polymer binder to the deltamethrin treatment. Various polymer binders vary greatly in their ability to improve the retention of deltamethrin on the fiber and ensure resistance of th...

The insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (Sumilarv 0.5 G) at the rate of 0.01 mg a.i./L was applied to gem pits as well as river and stream bed pools as a part of a large scale trial in a gem mining area in Sri Lanka. The results indicated pyriproxyfen inhibited emergence of the primary malaria vec...

A modified test-tube bioassay was developed for Heterotermes aureususing Arizona soil samples from covered and exposed weathered termiticide plots. An organophosphate, a pyrethroid, a phenylpyrazol, and a nicotinoid were evaluated at 4 hours and 12 months post-application. Termites were placed in bi...

Laboratory trials were done describing the primary and secondary kill ofBlattella germanica (L.) in response to MaxForce Gold, a new 0.03% AI fipronil-based cockroach bait. In bioassays measuring primary kill, MaxForce Gold at 0.1 g product/m2 caused ca. 90% mortality (14 DAT) of adult males and fem...

The high level of resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides by German cockroaches is due to multiple factors, including the scheduled use of them, and isolated populations. Resistance in field populations have been observed in some Mexican strains, in which control failure with cyper...

Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)) were confined to sand of different pH levels, which was treated with either chlorpyrifos (10,000, 1,000, 100, or 10 ppm Dursban TC), imidacloprid (500, 50, 5, or 0.5 ppm Premise 2), fipronil (600, 60, 6, or 0.6 ppm Termidor), bifenthri...

We are evaluating natural and synthetic chemicals for their abilities to influence caste differentiation in common midwestern subterranean termites (genus Reticulitermes). This poster presents results of our efforts using Juvenile Hormone (JH) and synthetic JH analogs to induce presoldier and nymph ...

During the last decades Methyl bromide was used to eradicate pests in artifacts in museums. But it is an ozone depletor and is classified as carcinogenic and will be banned in the future. Stimulated by this present regulatory pressure, we investigated Vikane* (= Sulfuryl fluoride) as a substitute fo...

Field strain male German cockroaches,Blattella germanica (L.), considered “resistant” to fipronil by standard topical application methodology, were found to readily consume a novel 0.03% fipronil gel bait and succumb. Although a simple method, valid for contact sprays or residual deposits, topical a...

The basic principles of olfaction in mosquito-host interaction is presented using Aedes aegypti. Olfactometer bioassays investigated which compounds of the complex blend of human emanations play a role in the attraction, and which factors make some hosts more attractive than others. Beside L-(+)-lac...

Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) continues to be the number one urban pest in the arid southwest (USA). Demand by pest control operators and consumers regarding information on termiticides and bait technology remains high. The primary control mechanism continues to be liquid barriers, but bait technolog...

Intragallery application of 0.23% or 0.5% spinosad (suspension concentrate, SC) resulted in 98-100% drywood termite mortality in a laboratory simulated gallery bioassay and significantly reduced drywood termite activity, as measured using an acoustic emissions detector (AED), in a comparative field ...

Termiticidal activity of deltamethrin as a technical and/or formulated material has been well documented around the world by governmental and university researchers in laboratory and long-term field evaluations. United States Department of Agriculture- Forest Service (USDA-FS) ”Gulfport” field testi...

The paper deals with the application of user-friendly programs in mosquito control. Identification of Indian anopheline mosquitoes in malaria control operations is a paramount importance. The WHO monograph which describes the taxonomic data in the form of a pictorial key is generally difficult to un...

Demand CS® (lambda-cyhalothrin) has been designed specifically for use in urban pest management. The product is based on microencapsulation technology which encloses the liquid active ingredient in a polymer shell to provide protection against hostile environmental conditions. Electron microscopy an...

Twenty three strains of field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) collected from hotels and restaurants from various localities in peninsular Malaysia were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used insecticides (propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirim...

Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis, are significant pests associated with man and his environment. Chemical sprays are not ideal control methods if they cause the ants to disperse. There is a preference for bait treatments that provide a means to use ant biology to transfer slow-acting compounds int...

LT5Os and LT95s were determined at 28°C for adult female Blatta orientalis over deposit concentrations varying from 15-200 mg A1 m-' on a plywood surface treated with a WP formulation of cypermethrin. Mortality was determined 3 days following removal from the deposits. Regression equations for these...

In a field population (RHA, Roanoke VA, USA) of Blattella germanica a decline in the efficacy of hydramethlynon has been documented for eight years. In 1987 >85% reduction of apartment infestations was achieved 4 wk after application, in 1990 reduction declined to 73%, and in 1995 reduction declined...

A large scale resistance management programme is currently being undertaken in Chiapas, Southern Mexico. this paper reports the baseline levels of resistance as detected by bioassays and biochemical assays in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus in the study area. A high level of resistance to DDT and l...

The results of a four year study with six termiticides including: bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, and isofenphos indicate significant differences in effectiveness among products applied to different soil types in Texas. Each of the five field test locations represent...

Mixtures of insecticides have been proposed as one tool for the management of insecticide resistance. The concept of mixtures relies on the hypothesis that organisms may be able to overcome a single toxicant but are unlikely to be able to overcome several independently acting toxicants. Mixtures hav...

Determining termiticide performance has, historically, been conducted by assessing attack of wooden boards placed over treated soil. This method was developed by the USDA-FS Gulfport laboratory, and is referred to as the ground-board test. A modification of this involves pouring concrete over the tr...

Several types of Culigel@ superabsorbent polymers were evaluated as matrices for the controlled release and/or encapsulation of insect growth regulators, bacteria, or organophosphates for long-term control of immature mosquitoes or adult and immature cockroaches. Bioassays against mosquito larvae wi...