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Ticks and their caused diseases lyme disease and TBE are an increasingly discussed topic in Switzerland. The habitat preferences of ticks have been studied frequently, but there exist almost no data about the abundance of ticks in urban areas. Due to that, the purpose of this study was to examine th...

To combat vectors and the public health hazards they represent, many European countries have established their own vector control programs. Such programs may benefit from a more standardized approach to enable to compare obtained results, share compatible data and tackle transboundary issues. The VB...

Since first identified in the 1980’s, Lyme Disease has become the most widely diagnosed vector-borne disease in the United States. Lyme Disease occurs from the infection of human and animal hosts by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection of hosts results from the bite and completion of a succ...

Tick-borne relapsing fever (RF) is considered to be caused by the spirochaete Borrelia persica, transmitted to humans by Ornithodorus tholozani, and is a notifiable disease in Israel. Between 1980 and 2002, 184 cases were reported, i.e. an average of eight cases per year (range 0-16). Among them, ab...

The present paper describes a test procedure with human volunteers used for a comparative investigation of tick repellents. Eight commercially available repellents were tested against the tickIxodes ricinus (L.) and several test criteria described. Ticks were placed on a copper plate situated on an ...

Human vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever are a global health problem. These diseases affect millions of people in developed and undeveloped countries. Entomologists, biologists, and vector ecologists from North America and Europe share informat...

By the year 2025 about 61% of the world’s population will be living in urban areas, especially in developing countries. The urban population will double from 2.4 billion in 1995 to 5 billion in 2025. The world’s urban population is growing 2.5 times faster than the rural population. The impact on he...

Observation carried out in increase in the number of all blood-sucking arthropods in Lithuania. The abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal vector for the Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) agents in three biggest towns of Lithuania was compared with the incidence of morbidity o...

Skin lesions resulting from arthropod exposure may arise via various pathologic pathways. There may be direct damage to human skin from mouthparts, fangs, stingers, etc., or indirect damage such as immune reactions to arthropod saliva or venom injected upon biting. Hypersensitivity may develop again...

In the Czech Republic, Ixodes ricinus is the main vector of two important tick-borne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB). Both these infections are frequently distributed in recreational areas among people coming there from Prague and from other large towns at weekend or...

In Europe the Lyme disease spirochetes, B. burgdorferi s.l., are maintained naturally in enzootic cycles involving wildlife reservoirs, such as Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis, and ixodid tick vectors, primarily Ixodes ricinus. Although the disease is generally associated with fores...