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Rhinotermes marginalis is a Neotropical termite reported as a minor urban pest in northern Brazil. In southeastern Brazil, it occurs as an exotic introduced pest in the cities of Rio de Janeiro/RJ and Vitória/ES. This study aimed to record R. marginalis in urban areas of other neighborhoods and muni...

Two new technologies (spray with a pheromone adjuvant + biodegradable hydrogel bait delivery method) were used to develop a unique IPM protocol for Argentine ant at urban structural settings. The IPM protocol included a one-time perimeter treatment with 0.03% fipronil (mixed with a pheromone adjuvan...

Heat treatment has been used to control stored food pests, bed bugs, cockroaches, and other household pests, and structural timber and wood pallets. The energy requirements for treating different materials, spaces, and timber require careful attention to maintaining a heat regimen and training of ap...

Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder 1924) belongs to the group of subterranean termites, it is regarded as an important pest in passion fruit and corn crops in Venezuela and Colombia, it has also been found in Citrus orchards at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In urban zones it had only been report...

There has been a movement away from relying solely on pesticides to solve indoor pest problems in response to public concerns over pesticide use, pesticide resistance, and the possibility that pesticide applications may contaminate the environment. Pesticides regardless of rating as highly toxic or ...

ncreased global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres have created special challenges for the pest management service industry: meeting customer needs while remaining economically competitive. While automated ...

In 1999, the Master Pest Control Technician (MPCT) course was created at Clemson University, (USA: Clemson, South Carolina 29634) to provide training for general pest control technicians. The course was designed to provide detailed, practical instruction about household and structural pest control i...

Economically and environmentally sustainable pest management requires an integrated approach. Pesticides are one of many tools used in IPM. Majority of non-agriculture and structural pest management focuses on pesticide applications for right of way, turf and landscape, rangelands and indoors. Pesti...

Dénia (Alicante, Spain) is a middle size city located at the southeastern of the Iberian Peninsula, equidistant between the cities of Alicante and Valencia. It is close to Cape of San Antonio which is the nearest Peninsular point to the Balearic Islands. It has a temperate climate, typically Mediter...

Structural fumigation for household nuisance pests, like cockroaches or ants, is generally considered to be prohibitively expensive. However, for pests that are of public health importance, fumigation may be a more viable option than previously thought. Infestations of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius...

Indoxacarb, with a novel mode of action, is in a new class of chemistry called Oxadiazines. The compound was registered in the United States in 1999 for agricultural uses and Dupont Professional Products is developing the compound for new uses in the Structural Pest Control industry. One of the firs...

The introduction of termites into new areas is a potential threat given the magnitude of national and international commerce. We review a number of case studies that document exotic termites in the eastern U.S., with emphasis on two states, Ohio and Georgia. We discuss the value of employing a multi...

The genus Coptotermes is a member of the subfamily Coptotermitinae Holmgren of the family Rhinotermitidae. In Malaysia, Coptotermes travians was identified as the predominant termite pest (53%), followed by Coptoteremes curvignathus (28%). There are some complications on the taxonomic status of Copt...

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is the most economically important structural pest in the New Orleans metro area, Louisiana, U.S.A.. In 1998, two significant projects were initiated to determine the effectiveness of area-wide subterranea...

Pesticides and their use are regulated on both federal and state levels in the Unites States. A federal registration for a pesticide product must be obtained after the product has shown that it is safe to use according to the guidelines set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ...

Carpenter ants are major structural pests in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavian countries. With the advent of non-repellent chemicals and more attractive baits, shifts have occurred in management strategies that include either perimeter sprays or baiting as the sole method for control. Four...

The need to progressively improve structural and urban pest-management training for state regulatory officials, pest-management professionals, and extension educators has led to the development and implementation of a limited number of university-based training schools in the United States. In Oklah...

Hexaflumuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor registered in the United States solely as a termite bait active ingredient. A benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator, with the proposed common name of noviflumuron, is being developed by Dow AgroSciences for use as the active ingredient in a termite b...

The purpose of this demonstration project was to evaluate the effectiveness of three integrated pest management (IPM) treatment plans in controlling structural and institutional pests in public schools. IPM strategies evaluated were: 1) exclusion, trapping, and sanitation, with no chemical inputs; 2...

Pest status of household and structural pests is based primarily on their persistence in the urban environment. Persistence of pest populations is determined by availability of reservoir habitats that harbor large and stable populations, which supply individuals to maintain small, local infestations...

From October 1997 through April 2000, the Occupational Safety and Health Branch located in the Division of Safety, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., initiated a pilot IPM program in research laboratories. The program was conducted to examine application of ...

Carpenter ants, Camponotusspp., are major structural pests as well as nuisance pests in northern areas of the United States, southern Canada, and northern Europe. Management tools have included cultural controls to modify habitats and foraging, dust applications to wall voids, perimeter sprays, bait...

Wood is a common structural material, used for building most homes and some commercial buildings in North America. This widespread use is due to wood’s desirable performance properties, abundance and cost effectiveness, ease of use, and favorable environmental attributes. However, wood can be degrad...

A survey of university entomology departments teaching urban and industrial pest management topics was conducted as was a survey of prominent and less prominent structural pest control companies. Universities were asked what topics they were teaching and the time devoted to each. Companies were aske...

Pesticides may be both of chemical and physical nature. Every pesticide may have two biological effects: specific and unspecific. For example, specific effect of juvenoids (chemical pesticide) is mutagenic effect on regulatory genes. Specific effect of ultrasound is increase of temporal variability....

Urban entomology has grown dramatically in the last 25 years and has attained a disciplinary status within the entomological and pest management community. As urban centers have grown throughout the world, the importance of the control of arthropods and insects associated with humans and their struc...

Intragallery application of 0.23% or 0.5% spinosad (suspension concentrate, SC) resulted in 98-100% drywood termite mortality in a laboratory simulated gallery bioassay and significantly reduced drywood termite activity, as measured using an acoustic emissions detector (AED), in a comparative field ...

Systematic Termite ControlSM (STC) is a program developed by FMC Corporation to provide the professional pest control industry with a new, integrated strategy for the control of subterranean termite populations. The objective of STC is structural protectio,n, i.e., to control termite activity within...

For over 50 years methyl bromide has been used in ever increasing quantities for broad-spectrum pest control and eradication. In dry food manufacturing its good penetrative properties both into commodities and into the structural complexities of buildings made it a very useful “blanket” eradication ...

Some strains of the hyphomycete fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, are highly virulent for various species of Australian termites. One of these, FI-610, has been selected for control of Coptotermes spp. and Nasutitermes exitiosus, and shown to kill mound and tree nests when sufficient dry conidia are a...

Pest Management is an important environmental health function and the eradication of chronic pest infestations must be considered a priority in contributing to effective public health. This is especially true in a hospital environment where, in addition to aesthetic objections, the presence of infes...

Household and structural insect pests will continue and increase in their importance as the world population becomes more urbanized. The discipline of urban entomology will continue to serve society through teaching, research, and public service programs, but future contributions will be linked to a...

Sulfuryl fluoride is a gas fumigant mainly used for the control of structural and household insect pests. A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the fumigant on eight stored product pest insects (Sitophilus granarius, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium confusum. Stegobium p...

Woodworm or furniture beetle Anobium punctatum can cause serious damage to wooden objects and the structural timber in buildings. In the light of recent evidence of the reduced incidence of this pest in museum objects and in buildings it is timely to re-examine the need for chemical treatments and a...

Impact of carpenter ant infestations in structures ranges from nuisance pests to seriously damaging pests if structural timbers are attacked. Carpenter ants excavate wood to form galleries for their brood and tunnels for foragers. A mature colony consists of a parent or main colony with the queen, w...

A new class of chemistry, the fluorosulfonates, is being developed for the control of structural pests such as ants and termites. The novel bait chemistry has been found to be effective over a wide range of dose dependent concentrations over most structural pests. A brief review of the data is prese...

In North America 20 species of Camponotus have been recorded as pest species causing either structural damage or occurring as nuisance species. Structurally damaging species are found in the subgenera: Camponotus. Tanaemyrmex, and Myrmothrix. Carpenter ants causing the most serious damage in eastern...

Public pressures, and mandates by government agencies will require that we develop strategies that reduce exposure of humans to pesticides. These must be developed so that they manipulate populations to the extent that likelihood of infestation is reduced, or assuming that they will infest a structu...

Global potential of sulfuryl fluoride (SF), S02F2, the active ingredient in Vikane* Gas Fumigant is being reexamined in light of recent regulatory pressures on competitive fumigants. Researchers in Europe and Japan are investigating the utility of SF as an alternative to Methyl Bromide for control o...