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Wood samples from spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) even in dry state are susceptible to biological degradation. Preservation against insects, termites in exposed conditions is conventionally achieved by impregnating the wood with pesticides applied in professional processes. Solution...

One of the global problems of today is the insecticide resistance of the human louse Pediculus humanus L. to pyrethroids. The continuous application of pyrethroids (mostly, permethrin) resulted in the formation of local lice populations resistant to this group of insecticides. In the 2013-2015 body ...

Inside a two year old family house, clothes moth adults appeared in all rooms in 2012. Inspection of clothes did not find any moths. The moth population was heavy, with at least 10 moths caught daily. Thermal fogging inside the house with deltamethrin reduced flying moths for no more than 14 days. T...

Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to different classes of insecticides including two synthetic pyrethroids owing to the continuous use in public health and sometimes in other sectors. Hence, there is need to develop alternative strategies including use of new insecticides with nove...

The majority of body lice colonies examined in Moscow were permethrin resistant and susceptible to organophosphorus (fenthion, malathion) and neonicotinoid insecticides. Metabolic resistance of body lice to permethrin was investigated using synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributylphosphor...

Insecticide resistance in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus F.) is a major factor in the pest’s resurgence. Various studies have demonstrated resistance to the pyrethroids, carbamates and the organophosphates. Resistance has been suspected in Australia, with anecdotal reports of poor ...

Field studies of two area repellent aerosol formulations with transfluthrin and permethrin active ingredients were carried out against mixed freshwater mosquitoes near Humpty Doo, Northern Territory and against flies (a mixed population of house flies, Musca domestica and bush flies Musca vetustissi...

Homelessness is an increasing public health problem. Because of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare systems, homeless persons are exposed to many communicable infections. The pattern of life and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice. Body lice have ...

Keratophagous moths don’t have the medical or epidemiological significance, but in the urban environment they occupy specific niche as synanthropic arthropod pests. Nearly 30 species of keratophagous moths can be found out on the territory of Russian Federation. Our most common pest species is the w...

The bed bug Cimex lectularius L. is blood-feeding parasite of humans, bats and different domestic animals. In the early 1990s, pest management professionals began to see an increase in beg bug infestations across the world. Now the bed bug problem is very important in many countries, however, in Rus...

Optimisation of performance of dry flowable powder formulations for control of crawling insect pests is known to involve control of particle size and effective distribution of active ingredient. Enhanced pick-up by the insect cuticle has been demonstrated through use of powder bearing an electrostat...

Natural pyrethrum and its synthetic analogues are among the most widely used insecticides in medical, veterinary and agricultural use. Low application rates, rapid knock-down and kill, range of duration of activity and good mammalian safety profile make them an active of choice in most domestic appl...

Comparative acute mosquito larvicidal activity of neonicotinoids in different formulations: acetamiprid (Mospilan, Aspid), imidacloprid (Confidor, Shanfidor), thiacloprid (Calipso), thiamethoxam (Actara, Agita) and pyrethroids: cypermethrin (Cifox), permethrin (Medifox – super) was studied in labora...

The overall objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of house dust mite control (permethrin impregnated bedding and active vacuum cleaning) to relieve symptoms of atopic asthma. The design was a double- blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of patients with atopic asthma that was app...

In the past years test systems for the evaluation of repellents, attractants and insecticides/acaricides have been developed and further refined in our laboratory. A standardized laboratory test system for the evaluation of tick repellents (Moving-Object (MO) Bioassay) has been extensively used with...

Based on historical data on the number of inquiries to the advisory service at the Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory we have tried to analyse the variation in bed bug infestations in Denmark since the 1950s. The bed bug problems in Denmark have gone from low levels in the 1950s, gradually increasin...

Plasmodium vivax reemerged in 1993 after a hiatus of 14 years and increased exponentially among South Korean military and civilian populations through 1998. With increased use of chemoprophylaxis by the South Korean military, malaria stabilized and then sharply decreased through 2004. Malaria cases ...

The current study, in three methods, topical application, surface contact (WHO glass jar) method and toxic baits, was designed to investigate the relationship between permethrin German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) resistant strains and fipronil. Twelve German cockroach strains used in this s...

he biological activities of permethrin and deltamethrin silica mixtures were studied. The effect of silica mixture depended on insect sex and age, type of insecticide and the amounts of insecticide added to the silica. Only a very low amount of deltamethrin added to silica 0.1 mg/g gave KD50 or KD95...

European Wasp, Vespula germanica (F.), was first noted in Tasmania in 1959, and in Victoria in 1977. It is now widespread over the cooler and wetter areas of the southern part of Australia. The Australian winters are mild, and whole nests can overwinter leading to high wasp populations in some place...

Application of insecticides to vegetation has become increasingly popular in mosquito control programs in recent years. However, there is very little data that addresses the efficacy of such treatments. This study evaluated the residual effectiveness of three pyrethroid formulations on vegetation ag...

This investigation was carried out in several different parts of Iran during 1998-2001. Out of 9799 female Anopheles captured by different methods, An. fluviatilis comprised 35.5%, An. dthali 30.3%, An. stephensi 29.4%, An. sergentii 4.6%, An. culicifacies, An. turkhudi and An. superpictus were 0.2%...

Shape and characteristics in five domiciliary cockroach-feces Feces of domiciliary cockroaches often contaminate food or medicine packages. The presence of feces in foraging places is evidence of a cockroach infestation. The shape and other characteristics of feces differ among species. When they fe...

Five natural and 16 synthetic compounds were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The naphthoquinones menadione, plumbagin, and juglone, and the benzoquinones thymoquinone, and coenzyme Q1 killed al...

Study on the efficacy of some soil termiticides available in Thailand market was made in order to evaluate their effectiveness to prevent the invasion of subterranean termites living underneath the buildings. Two methods representing construction practices widely used in the country were experimente...

Soils of pH 5, 7, and 9 were treated with the equivalent of a commercial application of 0.50% permethrin. Over a period of 36 months post-treatment, the soil was analyzed to determine the concentration in parts per million of permethrin remaining in the soil. There was a significant difference in th...

Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)) were confined to sand of different pH levels, which was treated with either chlorpyrifos (10,000, 1,000, 100, or 10 ppm Dursban TC), imidacloprid (500, 50, 5, or 0.5 ppm Premise 2), fipronil (600, 60, 6, or 0.6 ppm Termidor), bifenthri...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is the most important cockroach pest in Russia. After WW II, the use of inorganic compounds — such as boric acid, sodium fluoride, and arsenic — for cockroach control decreased, and the use of organic insecticides — such as organochlorines, organophosp...

The resistance of the house fly to insecticides is a limiting factor for its control even in Slovakia, where more than 70% of flies are highly resistant to synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and lambdacyhalothrin), 66% of fly populations are highly resistant to bendiocarb...

Two Navy surplus barges (each 91 x 20 ft) were equipped with one street lamp at each corner of the barge and with fourteen 60 x 80 inches white cloth panels, each panel illuminated with one 100W spotlight. Adult midge attraction to light on these barges was studied in the summer of 1998 on Lake Monr...

Atopic allergies, such as asthma, eczema and perennial rhinitis, have dramatically increased in industrialised countries. Most sufferers are sensitised to house dust mite allergens that have also risen in homes. House dust mites (HDM) possess enzymes, such as proteinases, to digest their exclusive d...

House flies belong probably among insects which are most frequently used in experimental studies of physiological, genetic and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The development of resistance is an example of microevolution caused by artificially induced change in the frequency of some selection ...

Populations from Pskov region showed high resistance to trichlorphon and tolerance to pyrethroids. Moscow populations were high resistant to trichlorphon and to pyrethroids with different chemical structure (permethrin, cypermethrin and others) and tolerant to DDVP. Populations, that were high resis...

Cockroaches could represent one of the most important hygienic problems, since they can contaminate food with bacteria, transmit diseases and cause human allergies. For this reason, urban governments and food industries devote part of their balance to cover the cost of their control. One of the firs...

During the early 1990s the Medical Entomology Centre, Cambridge, received an increasing number of reports from concerned health professionals of treatments against head lice failing to cure. Preliminary investigations showed some lice to have developed tolerance of pyrethroid insecticides. A series ...

Numerous studies have shown that German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), are often resistant to insecticides in settings where insecticides have been used extensively in the past. We have now examined resistance in German cockroaches collected in homes in which insecticide usage has been minim...

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has become common in field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), in the United States and elsewhere. Some populations are highly resistant to as many as eight or nine pyrethroids. The primary mechanisms of resistance are enzymatic degrad...

Twenty three strains of field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) collected from hotels and restaurants from various localities in peninsular Malaysia were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used insecticides (propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirim...

The results of a four year study with six termiticides including: bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, and isofenphos indicate significant differences in effectiveness among products applied to different soil types in Texas. Each of the five field test locations represent...

Laboratory from 1987 to 1991. A screening of the insecticide resistance in B. germanica in some selected locations was conducted with permethrin using tarsal contact tests to estimate KT50, (/WHO/VBC/75.593). Based on these data more detailed measurement of the resistance in the German Cockroaches f...

Cockroach control in the Netherlands is carried out with the use of the synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin, cyfiuthrin or permethrin or of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. The German cockroach is the species most frequently found in buildings. There are some indications that resistance against inse...

Concrete, wood, glass and ceramic tiles were treated with the same quantity of active ingredient applied at different concentrations. The active ingredients, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and bendiocarb were used. The formulations were diluted in water. Either 1 litre; 0.6 or 0.5 litre; 0.3 or 0.25...